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Bis (tri-alkylsilyl oxide) silicon phthalocyanines: understanding the role of solubility on device performance as ternary additives in organic photovoltaics
摘要： The use of ternary additives in organic photovoltaics (OPV) is a promising route to improve overall device performance. Silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs) are ideal candidates due to their absorption profile, low cost and ease of synthesis and chemical tunability. However, to date only a few examples have been reported and specific strategies to help design improved ternary additives have not been established. In this study, we report a relationship between ternary additive solubility and device performance, demonstrating that device performance is maximized when the SiPc additive solubility is similar to that of the donor polymer (P3HT, in this case). This improved performance can be attributed to the favored interfacial precipitation of the SiPcs when its solubility matches that of the other components of the thin film. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) varied from 2.4% to 3.4% by using axially substituted SiPcs with different solubilities, where the best ternary additive led to a 25% increase in PCE compared to the baseline device.
关键词： organic photovoltaics,solubility,ternary additive,phthalocyanine
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Influence of solvent solubility parameter on the power law exponents and critical concentrations of one soluble polyimide in solution
摘要： Solvent species influence the interactions of dissolved polymers in solution and consequently induce changes in solution properties. A soluble polyimide was synthesized through polycondensation, and four solvents, namely, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were selected to investigate systematically the influence of solubility parameter on solution power law behaviors. The power law relationship between specific viscosity and concentration was established using rheology and applying concepts from the Zimm, Rouse-Zimm, and Doi-Edwards models. All power law exponents were higher than theoretical predictions, and in the three concentration regions, i.e. dilute, semidilute unentangled, and semidilute entangled, the exponents increase, decrease, and increase, respectively, with respect to solubility parameter. Arguments derived from the listed models are proposed to explain these trends. The influences of solubility parameter on the overlap and entanglement concentrations are also discussed.
关键词： Solubility parameter,Critical concentration,Polyimide,Power law exponent,Solution property
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Synthesis of water soluble silicon phthacyanine, naphthalocyanine bearing pyridine groups and investigation of their DNA interaction, topoisomerase inhibition, cytotoxic effects and cell cycle arrest properties
摘要： In this work, axially [3,5-bis(3-pyridin-4-ylpropoxy)phenyl]methoxy groups substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanine 2, napthalocyanine 3 and their water soluble derivatives 2a, 3a were synthesized and DNA interaction, topoisomerases inhibitory properties, cytotoxicity against five carcinoma cell lines of water soluble derivatives were examined. The calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) binding properties of 2a and 3a were monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the compounds interacted to CT-DNA via intercalation with Kb values of 3.94 ± (0.15) ×106 and 1.08 ± (0.10) ×105 M-1. In DNA cleavage studies, the compounds cleaved to supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA significantly with irradiation as compared to without irradiation. The results of topoisomerases studies claimed that both compounds had inhibitory effects against topoisomerases. In the cytotoxicity studies, the CC50 values of the compounds were found in range of 2.15-52.97 μM against to five carcinoma cell lines. The SI values of 3a were found as 4.51, 1.43 and 3.66 against A549, BT20 and SK-MEL 128 cell lines. The cell cycle arrest was investigated against A549 cells by flow cytometry and obtained results indicated that both compounds induce cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. All of obtained results demonstrated that 3a had lead anticancer agent toward lung, breast and melanoma due to its high selectivity to cancer cell lines.
关键词： Water solubility,Cytotoxicity,Topoisomerases.,DNA,Phthalocyanine,Cell cycle arrest
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Temperature dependent control of the solubility of gallium nitride in supercritical ammonia using mixed mineralizer
摘要： Using a mass-loss method, we investigated the solubility change of gallium nitride (GaN) in supercritical ammonia with mixed mineralizers [ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) + ammonium bromide (NH4Br) and NH4Cl + ammonium iodide (NH4I)]. The solubilities were measured over the temperature range 450–550 °C, at 100 MPa. The solubility increased with NH4Cl mole fraction at 450 °C and 100 MPa. The temperature dependence of the solubility curve was then measured at an equal mole ratio of the two mineralizers. The slope of the solubility–temperature relationship in the mixed mineralizer was between those of the individual mineralizers. These results show that the temperature dependence of the solubility of GaN can be controlled by the mineralizer mixture ratio. The results of the van’t Hoff plot suggest that the solubility species were unchanged over the investigated temperature range. Our approach might pave the way to realizing large, high-quality GaN crystals for future gallium-nitride electronic devices, which are increasingly on demand in the information-based age.
关键词： Acidic mineralizer,Gallium nitride,Ammonothermal,Solubility,Supercritical ammonia
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Soluble g-C3N4 nanosheets: facile synthesis and application in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
摘要： The high dispersibility and solubility are highly required for the potential applications and development of well-known g-C3N4 material. In this study, a facile hydrothermal treatment and the following vacuum freezing-drying process was developed to synthesize the g-C3N4 nanosheets (ca. 5 nm) with excellent dispersibility and solubility in aqueous solutions. It was found that the melem structures with many hydrophilic groups (-NH2, -OH and -C=O) were formed on the g-C3N4 nanosheet surface, resulting in the formation of soluble g-C3N4 (SCN) nanosheets. Moreover, the SCN nanosheets can be worked as the effective modifier to greatly increase the H2-production performance of conventional g-C3N4 photocatalyst (the resultant sample was referred to SCN/g-C3N4). Photocatalytic results revealed that the SCN/g-C3N4 sample exhibited a remarkably higher H2-production performance than the pure g-C3N4 by a factor of ca. 2. The improved H2-production rate of SCN/g-C3N4 photocatalysts could be primarily ascribed to the introduction of hydrophilic groups, which not only remarkably enhances the dispersibility and hydrophilicity of SCN/g-C3N4, but also work as the interfacial active sites to accelerate the H+-reduction reaction and the rapid formation of H2. The present soluble g-C3N4 nanosheets provide potential various applications in environmental protection and energy conversion fields.
关键词： photocatalysis,H2-evolution,solubility,g-C3N4 nanosheets,dispersibility
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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All Green Solvents for Fabrication of CsPbBr <sub/>3</sub> Films for Efficient Solar Cells Guided by the Hansen Solubility Theory
摘要： Toxic solvents used in the fabrication of perovskite solar cells are an obstacle for their commercialization. Replacing those toxic solvents with green solvents is very important for both ecological environment safety and the health of operators working in manufactory and labs. CsPbBr3-based solar cells have attracted increasing attention due to its high stability. Herein, high-quality CsPbBr3 films are prepared using all green solvents based on a two-step spin-coating method. In the first step, a green solvent system of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the addition of γ-butyrolactone is used for preparing PbBr2 solutions by matching the Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) between PbBr2 and the mixed solvent system. By optimizing the HSPs and viscosity, a new complex of PbBr2·(PEG) is formed by spin-coating from the PbBr2 solution, followed by acetic acid dropping while spinning. In the second step, green water is used to dissolve CsBr to prepare a high concentration CsBr/H2O solution. High-quality CsPbBr3 films with full coverage are obtained by spin-coating CsBr/H2O solution onto the PbBr2·(PEG) films after annealing. As a result, a solar cell with configuration of fluorine-doped tin oxide/TiO2/CsPbBr3/carbon exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 8.11% due to its high-quality harvest layer.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,green solvents,Hansen solubility parameters,CsPbBr3,toxicity
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Influence of Se on Properties of As-S-Se-I Glass for Immersion Mid-IR Leds Lenses
摘要： The study of glass components influence on the physical and chemical properties of As–S–Se–I glasses has the potential to help design glasses with the required properties. A change of certain glass properties upon the introduction of selenium into AsSI glass was demonstrated. Non-stoichiometric compounds along the As2S3-AsI3-Se diagram section were investigated by differential thermal analysis, ultrasonic measurements, dilatometric measurements. It has been shown that the introduction of selenium decreases the glass solubility in water. Change in the glass properties with the change in the short-range structure studied by Raman spectroscopy was shown. These glasses can be used for creation of immersion lenses and optical adhesives which change radiation characteristics of mid-IR LEDs.
关键词： coefficient of thermal expansion,mechanical characteristics,density,solubility,chalcogenide glass,Raman spectra
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A efficient light-controlled nitric oxide releaser in aqueous solution and its red fluorescence imaging in lysosome
摘要： In this work, a sensitive light-controlled turn on nitric oxide releaser, chromenylium-aniline-N-nitroso (CA-NO), was developed, which could release nitric oxide in pure water media and be applied for the red fluorescence imaging in lysosome. Upon the irradiation, fluorescence of the nitric oxide releaser enhanced quickly due to the light-controlled CA-NO being decomposed into a free radical nitric oxide and the fluorescent group CA, which destroyed of ICT structure. The mechanism was supported by the capture of nitric oxide by the commercial nitric oxide fluorescent probe DAN and the HRMS spectra peak (HRMS calcd for C30H34N3O4+: 526.2700, found: 526.2700.) belonging to CA. The fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) of CA-NO changed from 0.54% to 3.24%. The nitric oxide releasing yield was calculated to be 91.3%, which proved the superiority of CA-NO. With the irradiation, the color of the solution immediately changed from pink to blue purple in visible light which realized the naked-eyed monitoring of nitric oxide releasing. Obvious fluorescence changes and high cell viability above 80% encouraged us to apply CA-NO into living cells and the CA-NO successfully released nitric oxide in living cells through under irradiation. Nitric oxide could easily diffuse into lysosomes and react with related proteins, which prompts nitric oxide to regulate lysosomal catabolism and autophagy. Therefore, the co-location experiment of CA-NO and Lyso Tracker Green in living cells was carried out and the co-localization coefficient was calculated to be 0.842, which implied that morpholine group promoted the nitric oxide releaser to be aggregate in lysosome successfully. This work achieved the fixed-point and quantitative release of nitric oxide, which was helpful to understand the roles of nitric oxide and provided a good basis for our studying on related interaction between protein and nitric oxide in lysosome and cells.
关键词： Light control,Water solubility,Lysosome localization,Red emission
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effect of metal ion solubility on the oxidative assembly of metal sulfide quantum dots
摘要： The versatility of the oxidative assembly method for the creation of 2D and 3D quantum dot (QD) architectures represents both an opportunity and a challenge as a method enabling controlled placement of chemically distinct QDs in multicomponent systems. The opportunity lies in the ability to independently tune the kinetics of the different components so that they are similar (leading to well-mixed systems) or different (enabling gradient or phase-segregated composites) using a wide range of variables; the challenge lies in understanding those variables and how their interplay affects the overall kinetics. Here, we show that the identity of the cation in the sulfide matrix (M = Cd2+ vs Zn2+) plays a large role in the kinetics of assembly of mass spectrometry QDs, attributed to differences in solubility. Time resolved dynamic light scattering is used to monitor the hydrodynamic radius, Rh. ZnS shows an exponential growth associated with reaction-limited cluster aggregation (RLCA), whereas CdS demonstrates a significant induction period (10–75 min) followed by a growth step that cannot be distinguished between RLCA and diffusion limited cluster aggregation. These data correlate with relative solubilities of the nanoparticles, as probed by free-cation concentration. Data also confirm prior studies showing that cubic-closest-packed (ccp) lattices are kinetically slow relative to hexagonally closest-packed (hcp); using the slope of the ln Rh vs time plot for the rate constant, the values of 0.510 s?1 and 3.92 s?1 are obtained for ccp ZnS and hcp ZnS, respectively. Thus, both the structure and the solubility are effective levers for adjusting the relative reactivity of QDs toward oxidative assembly.
关键词： kinetics,solubility,quantum dots,dynamic light scattering,oxidative assembly
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Synthesis and characterization of poly(pyrrole- <i>co</i> -2-nitrocinnamaldehyde) (PPNC), a new copolymer for solar cells applications
摘要： The use of conductive polymers as a substitute for metallic conductors and semiconductors has attracted much attention in the literature. In particular, aromatic heterocyclic polymers constitute an important class since they possess chemical and electrical stability in both the oxidized (doped) and neutral (undoped) state. A series of poly(pyrrole-co-2-nitrocinnamaldehyde) were obtained via the condensation of pyrrole and 2-nitrocinnamaldehyde in chloroform using acid exchanged montmorillonite clay called maghnite-Ht as an efficient catalyst. The conjugated copolymer was characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.
关键词： solubility,Copolymer synthesis,poly(pyrrole-co-2-nitrocinnamaldehyde),pyrrole,2-nitrocinnamaldehyde
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04