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Solid materials with tunable reverse photochromism
摘要： Herein we report on a novel, straightforward and universal strategy to achieve solid materials with highly tunable reverse photochromism. This was accomplished by means of commercially available spiropyran dyes, which can produce different types of stable merocyanine states (i.e. non-protonated and protonated forms) displaying distinct reverse photochromic properties (i.e. colours and colouration rates). To finely control the concentration ratio of these species and, as such, tailor the optical performance of the photochromes, we exploited their differential interaction with surrounding media of distinctive nature (i.e. non-volatile protic and aprotic polar solvents). In this way, solutions displaying different photochromic responses were prepared for individual spiropyrans without requiring chemical derivatization, an approach that can be generalized to other spiro dyes with distinct acid-base properties. To transfer this behaviour to the solid state, core-shell capsules of these solutions were prepared, which were then used as ink materials for the fabrication of flexible polymeric films with unprecedented tunability of their photochromic properties that can be employed as rewritable multi-coloured devices.
关键词： rewritable devices,merocyanine forms,reverse/negative photochromism,spiropyrans,microcapsules
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:35
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Specific Features of the Molecular Structure of A New 3-(Benzo[d]Oxazole-2-Yl)- 1-(2-(1,3,3-Trimethylindoline-2-Ylidene) Ethylidene)Naphthalene-2(1H)-One Zinc Chloride Complex
摘要： X-ray diffraction is used to determine the structure of a new 3-(benzo[d]oxazole-2-yl)-1-(2-(1,3,3-trimethylindoline-2-ylidene)ethylidene)naphthalene-2(1H)-one zinc chloride complex 1. It is demonstrated that the ligand molecule in complex 1 has a trans–trans–cis conformation in which the indoline nitrogen atom is oriented in the same direction as the chelate ring, which could promote an additional coordination with the complexing atom.
关键词： 3-trimethylindoline-2-ylidene)ethylidene)naphthalene-2(1H)-one zinc chloride,3,3-(benzo[d]oxazole-2-yl)-1-(2-(1,spiropyrans,X-ray diffraction study
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Photoswitchable Host-Guest Systems Incorporating Hemithioindigo and Spiropyran Units
摘要： We cover selected examples of the incorporation of hemithioindigo and spiropyran units in one of the binding partners of synthetic host-guest systems. In some of the simplest systems, isomerization of the switch simply modulates the thermodynamic stability of the two isomeric host-guest complexes. In the presence of more than two binding partners, the isomerization of the molecular switch alters the composition of the multicomponent host-guest system producing a shuttling process of one of the components between different hosts. In others, the isomerization process controls the uptake and release of some of the components from/to the bulk solution. We show that the understanding of the isomerization mechanisms of the molecular switches and the effects produced by the external stimuli are essential for the design of complex and responsive supramolecular host-guest systems. The physicochemical properties of the hemithioindigo and spiropyran molecular photoswitches are complementary, providing different avenues to their applications in solution and material science.
关键词： Spiropyrans,Hemithioindigos,Host-Guest Systems,Supramolecular Assemblies,Photoswitches
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Investigating the Photochemistry of Spiropyran Metal Complexes with Online LED-NMR
摘要： As one of the best studied photoswitches, spiropyrans (SPs) have attracted significant interest in the scientific community. Among the many stimuli to alter the isomerization into the merocyanine (MC) isomer, such as temperature, pH, solvent polarity, redox potential, or mechanical force, the ability of the MC form to act as a ligand site for metal complexation has recently raised new attention. We herein synthesize hitherto undescribed coordination compounds of 8-methoxy-1′,3′,3′-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro-[chromene-2,2′-indoline] with s-block ([Ca(MC)4](ClO4)2), d-block ([Zn(MC)2(MeCN)2](ClO4)2, [Ni(MC)2(MeCN)2](ClO4)2), as well as f-block ([La(NO3)3(MC)2]) metals. All complexes are structurally described by X-ray crystallography and systematically investigated in solution via Job’s method of continuous variations (Job plots), as well as online NMR spectroscopic kinetic experiments with in situ irradiation of the analyte solution inside the NMR spectrometer (LED-NMR). We can unambiguously identify the photoresponsive nature of the complexes in solution, which is a crucial step toward the application of these promising molecules in material science.
关键词： photochemistry,LED-NMR,metal complexes,X-ray crystallography,spiropyrans
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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New photochromic indoline spiropyrans containing cationic substituent in the 2H-chromene moiety
摘要： New indoline spiropyrans containing conjugated cationic fragments and bulky substituents in the 2H-chromene moiety were synthesized by a simple one-pot method. The structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR (including 2D methods) and IR spectroscopy, as well as by element analysis and HRMS. Molecular structure of 1,3,3-trimethyl-60-formyl-80-benzyl-spiro[indoline-2,20-2H-chromene] was refined by single crystal X-ray. A comparative analysis of the spectral and photochromic properties of salt spiropyrans and similar structures without a cationic fragment was carried out. It was found that the introduction of the cationic substituent at the 60-position of the 2H-chromene moiety leads to a significant increase in the photoinduced isomer's lifetime.
关键词： Indolines,Molecular switches,2H-chromenes,Photochromism,Single crystal X-ray analysis,Spiropyrans
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46