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- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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Particle Response of Antenna-Coupled TES Arrays: Results from SPIDER??and the Laboratory
摘要： Future mm-wave and sub-mm space missions will employ large arrays of multi-plexed transition-edge-sensor (TES) bolometers. Such instruments must contend with the high flux of cosmic rays beyond our atmosphere that induce ‘glitches’ in bolometer data, which posed a challenge to data analysis from the Planck bolom-eters. Future instruments will face the additional challenges of shared substrate wafers and multiplexed readout wiring. In this work, we explore the susceptibility of modern TES arrays to the cosmic ray environment of space using two data sets: the 2015 long-duration balloon flight of the SPIDER?cosmic microwave background polarimeter, and a laboratory exposure of SPIDER? flight hardware to radioactive sources. We find manageable glitch rates and short glitch durations, leading to mini-mal effect on SPIDER? analysis. We constrain energy propagation within the sub-strate through a study of multi-detector coincidences and give a preliminary look at pulse shapes in laboratory data.
关键词： Cosmic microwave background,Cosmic ray,Bolometer,Transition-edge sensor
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Photon-number parity of heralded single photons from a Bragg-reflection waveguide reconstructed loss-tolerantly via moment generating function
摘要： Due to their strict photon-number correlation, the twin beams produced in parametric down-conversion (PDC) work well for heralded state generation. Often, however, this state manipulation is distorted by the optical losses in the herald and by the higher photon-number contributions inevitable in the PDC process. In order to find feasible figures of merit for characterizing the heralded states, we investigate their normalized factorial moments of the photon number that can be accessed regardless of the optical losses in the detection. We then perform a measurement of the joint photon statistics of twin beams from a semiconductor Bragg-reflection waveguide with transition-edge sensors acting as photon-number-resolving detectors. We extract the photon-number parity of heralded single photons in a loss-tolerant fashion by utilizing the moment generating function. The photon-number parity is highly practicable in quantum state characterization, since it takes into account the complete photon-number content of the target state.
关键词： Bragg-reflection waveguide,photon-number parity,transition-edge sensor,moment generating function,factorial moment of photon number,parametric down-conversion
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Terahertz Transition-Edge Sensor with Kinetic-Inductance Amplifier at 4.2 K
摘要： Different terrestrial terahertz applications would benefit from large-format arrays, operating in compact and inexpensive cryocoolers at liquid helium temperature with sensitivity, limited only by the 300-K background radiation. A voltage-biased Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) as a THz detector can have sufficient sensitivity and has a number of advantages important for real applications: linearity of response, high dynamic range and a simple calibration. However it requires a low-noise current readout. Usually, a current amplifier based on Superconducting Quantum-Interference Device (SQUID) is used for readout, but the scalability of this approach is limited due to complexity of the operation and fabrication. Recently, it has been shown that instead of SQUID it is possible to use a current sensor, which is based on the nonlinearity of the kinetic inductance of a current-carrying superconducting stripe. Embedding the stripe into a microwave high-Q superconducting resonator allows for reaching sufficient current sensitivity. More important, it is possible with the resonator approach to scale up to large arrays using Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) in GHz range. Here, we demonstrate the operation of a voltage-biased TES with a microwave kinetic-inductance current amplifier at 4.2 K. We measured the expected intrinsic Noise-Equivalent Power NEP ~ 5×10-14 W/Hz1/2 and confirmed that a sufficient sensitivity of the readout can be reached in conjunction with a real TES operation. The construction of an array with the improved sensitivity ~ 10-15 W/Hz1/2 at 4.2 K could be realized using a combination of the new current amplifier and already existing TES detectors with improved thermal isolation.
关键词： Transition-Edge Sensor,Superconducting nanowire,High-Q resonator,Nonlinear kinetic inductance,Terahertz arrays
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Spectroscopic Measurements of L X-rays with a TES Microcalorimeter for a Non-destructive Assay of Transuranium Elements
摘要： Spectroscopic measurement of the L X-rays emitted from transuranium elements is one of the most useful techniques for the non-destructive assays of nuclear materials. In this study, we fabricated a transition-edge-sensor (TES) microcalorimeter using a 5-μm-thick Au absorber and tested its ability to measure the L X-rays emitted from two transuranium elements, Np-237 and Cm-244 sources. The microcalorimeter was found to successfully measure the L X-rays with an energy resolution (full width at half maximum) below 70 eV. These results confirm that L X-rays can be identified using the proposed TES microcalorimeter to enable non-destructive assays of transuranium elements.
关键词： Transuranium elements,Transition-edge-sensor,L X-ray
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - Paris, France (2018.7.8-2018.7.13)] 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - Optical Transition Edge Sensors: Wavelength Dependence of System Detection Efficiency
摘要： Optical transition edge sensors (TESs) which can resolve an energy of a single photon have proven desirable in quantum information and biology. TESs can provide spectra ranging from near-infrared to visible regions, and have the potential to reveal new phenomena in biology. To obtain reliable spectra, wavelength dependence of the system detection ef?ciency should be calibrated. The dependence is due to a cavity structure of the detector, consisting of an anti-re?ection coating and a mirror. We will present a calibration using a supercontinuum laser and acousto-optic tunable ?lters (AOTF).
关键词： system detection ef?ciency,superconducting detector,supercontinuum laser,Single photon detection,transition edge sensor
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Optical Characterization of the SPT-3G Camera
摘要： The third-generation South Pole Telescope camera is designed to measure the cosmic microwave background across three frequency bands (centered at 95, 150 and 220 GHz) with ～ 16,000 transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers. Each multi-chroic array element on a detector wafer has a broadband sinuous antenna that couples power to six TESs, one for each of the three observing bands and both polarizations, via lumped element ?lters. Ten detector wafers populate the detector array, which is coupled to the sky via a large-aperture optical system. Here we present the frequency band characterization with Fourier transform spectroscopy, measurements of optical time constants, beam properties, and optical and polarization ef?ciencies of the detec- tor array. The detectors have frequency bands consistent with our simulations and have high average optical ef?ciency which is 86, 77 and 66% for the 95, 150 and 220 GHz detectors. The time constants of the detectors are mostly between 0.5 and 5 ms. The beam is round with the correct size, and the polarization ef?ciency is more than 90% for most of the bolometers.
关键词： Frequency bands,Beam,Fourier transform spectrometer,Cosmic microwave background,Transition-edge sensor,Polarization,Optical ef?ciency,Time constant
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Optical Transition-Edge Sensors: Dependence of System Detection Efficiency on Wavelength
摘要： Optical transition-edge sensors (TESs) that can resolve the energy of a single photon have been proven useful in quantum information and biology. TESs can provide spectra ranging from near-infrared to visible regions and have the potential to reveal new phenomena in biology. In this paper, we have investigated the responses of TESs to photons at near-infrared and visible wavelengths, from 450 to 1000 nm in 10-nm increments using a supercontinuum laser and a tunable bandpass filter, which converted the multichromatic light source into monochromatic light. The system detection efficiency of an optical TES optimized for photon detection at 950 nm was nearly 100% at some wavelengths and was more than 10% for the overall bandwidth. We found that the detector responses strongly depended on the wavelengths. A spectrum of the filtered light at shorter wavelengths was more likely to show a second peak with energy lower than that of the primary peak.
关键词： system detection efficiency,Single-photon detection,superconducting detector,transition-edge sensor (TES),supercontinuum (SC) laser
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46