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Sensors Based on Metal Nanoclusters Stabilized on Designed Proteins
摘要： Among all new nanomaterials, metal nanoclusters (NCs) have attracted special attention due to their interesting optical properties, among others. Metal NCs have been recently studied and used as sensors for different analytes. However, there is a need to explore the potential of these new sensors in a systematic manner and to develop new systems to broaden the possibilities that sensing offers to the industry. In this work, we show the potential use of repeat protein scaffolds as versatile templates for the synthesis and stabilization of various metal NCs, speci?cally Au, Ag, and CuNCs. The resulting protein-metal NCs hybrids are evaluated as sensors for different stimuli such as temperature, ions, or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among the three protein-metal NCs, all performed nicely as temperature sensors, AuNCs responded to metal ions, and AgNCs were able to detect ROS.
关键词： nanosensor,ROS sensors,metal nanocluster,protein design,temperature sensor,metal sensors,?uorescent probe
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Design and development of distributed solar PV systems: Do the current tools work?
摘要： Distributed solar PV design and management in buildings is a complex process which involves multidisciplinary stakeholders with different aims and objectives, ranging from acquiring architectural visual effects to higher solar insolation in given location, efficient energy generation and economic operation and maintenance of the PV system. Therefore, proper PV design tools are necessary for achieving unique aims, objectives and performance goals of a PV project. This paper presents 23 solar PV design and management software and 4 smart phone/tablet applications, analyzing their features against 15 key aspects of solar PV design and management. The results show that the selected PV design and management tools cannot satisfy all aspects of PV design and management. 14 solar PV design and management application problems were identified. An integrated platform which will provide cost-effective solutions for PV project development is proposed at the end of the paper. The proposed platform should open a new outlook on potentially wider multidisciplinary usage of solar PV design and management tools world wide.
关键词： PV design and development,tools,Review,Distributed solar PV system
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[Springer Series in Optical Sciences] Fano Resonances in Optics and Microwaves Volume 219 (Physics and Applications) || A Full-Retarded Spectral Technique for the Analysis of Fano Resonances in a Dielectric Nanosphere
摘要： We introduce a representation of the electromagnetic ?eld scattered by a homogeneous sphere in terms of a set of full-retarded modes independent of its permittivity. Within this framework, we introduce the orthogonality properties of the modes, their resonance conditions, and their classi?cation into narrow and broad modes. We also discuss the role played by the material properties in determining the resonant width of a given mode and in enabling or preventing the multimode interference. We use this theory to unveil the origin of Fano lineshapes in the scattering ef?ciency of a spherical nanoparticle, by identifying the interfering modes responsible for peaks and dips. Eventually, by using the introduced theoretical approach, we design the permittivity of a homogeneous sphere of size comparable to the incident wavelength to cancel its backscattering through directional multimode interference.
关键词： full-retarded modes,Fano resonances,electromagnetic scattering,permittivity design,dielectric nanosphere
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Multi-FSR Silicon Photonic Flex-LIONS Module for Bandwidth-Reconfigurable All-to-All Optical Interconnects
摘要： Ballistic resistance testing is conducted in the Department of Defense (DoD) to estimate the probability that a projectile will perforate the armor of a system under test. Ballistic resistance testing routinely employs sensitivity experiment techniques where sequential test designs are used to estimate a particular quantile of the probability of perforation. Statistical procedures used to estimate the ballistic resistance of armor in the DoD have remained relatively unchanged for decades. In the current fiscal atmosphere of sequestration and budget deficits, efficiency is critical for test and evaluation. In this paper, we review and compare sequential methods, estimators, and stopping criteria used in the DoD to those found in literature. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we find that the three-phase optimal design, a probit model, and a break separation stopping criteria are most accurate and efficient at estimating V50, while the three-phase optimal design or Robbins–Monroe–Joseph method should be used to estimate V10.
关键词： Department of Defense,sequential design,ballistic resistance testing,three-phase optimal design,design of experiments
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[ASME ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems - San Antonio, Texas, USA (Monday 10 September 2018)] Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation - Parametric Design of a Soft Gripper Actuated Using the Electrostrictive PVDF-Based Terpolymer
摘要： Nowadays, soft grippers, which use compliant mechanisms instead of stiff components to achieve grasping action, are being utilized in an increasing range of engineering fields, such as industry, medical care and biological sample collection, for their material selection, high conformability and gentle contact with target objects compared to traditional stiff grippers. In this study, a three-fingered gripper is designed based on a simple actuation mechanism but with high conformability to the object and produces relatively high actuation force per unit mass. The electrostrictive PVDF-based terpolymer is applied as the self-folding actuation mechanism. Finite element analysis (FEA) models are developed to predict the deformation of the folded shape and grasping force of the gripper with two grasp modes, i.e. enveloping grasp and parallel grasp. The FEA models achieved good agreement with experiments. Design optimization is then formulated and a parametric design is conducted with objectives to maximize free deflection and blocked force of the gripper. The design variables are the thicknesses of the active and passive materials, and the nature of the passive layer. It is found that there exists an optimal terpolymer thickness for a given scotch tape substrate thickness to achieve maximum free deflection, and the blocked force always increases as either thickness of terpolymer or scotch tape increases. As the length of the notch increases, free deflection also increases due to more pronounced folding behavior of the actuator, but the blocked force decreases since the actuator is less stiff. The tradeoff between free deflection and blocked force is critical for the final decision on the optimal design for a particular application.
关键词： soft grippers,design optimization,electrostrictive PVDF-based terpolymer,parametric design,finite element analysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Plasmonic performance of Au <sub/>x</sub> Ag <sub/>y</sub> Cu <sub/>1a??xa??y</sub> alloys from many-body perturbation theory
摘要： We present a detailed appraisal of the optical and plasmonic properties of ordered alloys of the form AuxAgyCu1-x-y, as predicted by means of first-principles many-body perturbation theory augmented by a semi-empirical Drude–Lorentz model. In benchmark simulations on elemental Au, Ag, and Cu, we find that the random-phase approximation (RPA) fails to accurately describe inter-band transitions when it is built upon semi-local approximate Kohn–Sham density-functional theory band-structures. We show that non-local electronic exchange-correlation interactions sufficient to correct this, particularly for the fully-filled, relatively narrow d-bands which contribute strongly throughout the low-energy spectral range (0–6 eV), may be modeled very expediently using band-stretching operators that imitate the effect of a perturbative G0W0 self-energy correction incorporating quasiparticle (QP) mass renormalization. We thereby establish a convenient work-flow for carrying out approximated G0W0 + RPA spectroscopic calculations on alloys and, in particular here, we have considered alloy concentrations down to 12.5% in AuxAgyCu1-x-y, including all possible crystallographic orderings of face-centred cubic type. We develop a pragmatic procedure for calculating the Drude plasmon frequency from first principles, including self-energy effects, as well as a semi-empirical scheme for interpolating the plasmon inverse lifetimes between stoichiometries. A distinctive M-shaped profile is observed in both quantities for binary alloys, in qualitative agreement with previous experimental findings. A range of optical and plasmonic figures of merit are discussed, and plotted for ordered AuxAgyCu1-x-y at three representative solid-state laser wavelengths. On this basis, we predict that certain compositions may offer improved performance over elemental Au for particular application types. We predict that while the loss functions for both bulk and surface plasmons are typically diminished in strength through binary alloying, certain stoichiometric ratios may exhibit higher-quality (longer-lived) localized surface-plasmons and surface-plasmon polaritons, at technologically-relevant wavelengths, than those in elemental Au.
关键词： alloy design for plasmonics,theoretical spectroscopy,many-body perturbation theory
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Reducing CPV Materials Cost Through Multistage Concentration
摘要： This paper considers an energy-limited cognitive relay network, where a secondary transmitter (ST) assists to forward the traf?c from a primary transmitter (PT) to a primary receiver (PR), in exchange for serving its own secondary receiver (SR) in the same frequency. The multiple-antenna ST is assumed to be energy-constrained and powered by both information ?ow from source (PT) and dedicated energy streams from destinations (PR and SR), which is called a destination-aided wireless power transfer (DWPT) scheme. Then, the relay processing matrix, cognitive beamforming vector, and power splitter are jointly designed to maximize the rate of secondary users under the energy causality constraint and the constraint that the demanded rate of primary users is satis?ed. For the perfect channel state information (CSI) case, by adopting the semi-de?nite relax technique and the Charnes–Cooper transformation, the global optimal solution is given. To reduce the complexity, matrix decomposition, zero forcing scheme, and dual method are jointly employed to derive a suboptimal solution. For the imperfect CSI case, the S-procedure is used to transform the worst case robust problem into a tractable semi-de?nite program. Simulation results reveal that our proposed DWPT scheme is greatly preferred for both perfect and imperfect CSI cases when ST is close to PR/SR.
关键词： cognitive relay networks,power splitting,Wireless power transfer,semi-de?nite program,beamforming design
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Sustainable Information Engineering and Technology (SIET) - Lombok, Indonesia (2019.9.28-2019.9.30)] 2019 International Conference on Sustainable Information Engineering and Technology (SIET) - ANFIS Design Based on Prediction Models for The Photovoltaic System
摘要： Photovoltaic system has uncertain output in generating electrical energy, as it is intensely influenced by different weather condition. This modeling system applies an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) technique to gain data of power prediction, voltage, current, and temperature. The mathematical representation of the photovoltaic using Matlab/Simulink setting has been developed and presented by using the photovoltaic basic solar irradiation effect and temperature changes. This model is divided into two systems run by ANFIS; ANFIS 1 and ANFIS 2. The design of ANFIS is expected to update its parameter to determine errors between output and target. MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) value for ANFIS 1 test of open circuit output voltage was 0.0104. This MAPE score is found to be excellent predictive data with less than 10% MAPE value. For the ANFIS 2 test, the AC output voltage was 0.026%, output current of 1.3035%, and 0.0046% of frequency. Based on the MAPE scores, very suitable data prediction has been produced with less than 10% MAPE value. Briefly, this study reveals that the ANFIS technique yields load prediction results that can improve the accuracy and rapidness of prediction as well as very minimum errors.
关键词： MAPE,prediction,photovoltaic,ANFIS,design
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Graphene disks for frequency control of terahertz waves in broadband applications
摘要： The terahertz (THz) gap lying between the microwave and optical parts of the electromagnetic spectrum has attracted immense attention due to its applications between radiofrequency (RF)/microwave and photonic systems. A structure consisting of a graphene sheet sandwiched between two graphene disks is introduced herein to control the reflection, absorption, and transmission of THz waves. The proposed metamaterial structures are designed analytically using transmission line theory. Also, the dimensions of the structure and the electrical gating of the graphene are optimized utilizing a genetic algorithm. The structure is simulated using two different methods: (1) a circuit model based on transmission line theory and (2) commercial full-wave software based on the finite element method, which are verified by the agreement between their results. Finally, the proposed method is used to design a THz filter and THz wave absorber, which are in great demand for application in modulators, sensors, detectors, and imaging systems.
关键词： Resonator,Circuit method,Coupling effect,Graphene,Genetic algorithm,Absorber design,Impedance matching
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Performance evaluation and optimization of the cooling system of a hybrid thermionic-photovoltaic converter
摘要： Hybrid thermionic-photovoltaic (TIPV) converters are efficient and clean solutions for the direct conversion of thermal energy to electricity, taking advantage of both the photovoltaic and thermionic phenomena. An important hurdle for their efficient operation is the overheating of the PV cell integrated within the TIPV anode, due to partial conversion of the emitted electron and photon fluxes to thermal heat. This obstacle needs to be overcome with an efficient, yet practical, cooler. In this work, a copper plate heat spreader is experimentally tested for TIPV cathode temperatures up to 1450 °C, whilst its performance is also assessed using a validated CFD model for temperatures up to ~2000 °C. A multi-parametric analysis is conducted testing two coolants: i) a water/ethylene glycol mixture at various temperatures (?5–40 °C) and mass flow rates (0.05–0.4 kg·s?1), and, ii) cryogenic liquid nitrogen at a temperature of ?196 °C and mass flow rate of 0.074 kg·s?1. Numerical results reveal that with water/ethylene mixture the PV can withstand heat fluxes up to 360 W·cm?2, without its temperature exceeding 100 °C. For higher thermal fluxes (360–600 W·cm?2), cryogenic liquid nitrogen is found to prevent the PV overheating and, therefore, is an attractive coolant; however, it poses safety concerns due to its possible boiling. Finally, two additional cooling system designs are proposed, a heat sink with straight fins and another with copper pipes, which offer higher heat transfer areas, but are more difficult to manufacture, than the copper plate heat spreader.
关键词： Ultra-high power density,Copper plate heat spreader,Cooling system design optimization,Electronic device,Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01