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A light salad [LED lighting applications in horticulture]
摘要： With their low energy usage, reduced heat output and the ability to control the light colour they emit, LEDs are poised to revolutionise the horticulture industry. This article explores the benefits of LED technology in vertical farming, including faster growth cycles, reduced water usage, and the elimination of pesticides. It also discusses the potential for custom-designed produce through controlled light exposure and the current economic challenges facing the adoption of LED technology in horticulture.
关键词： energy efficiency,LED,vertical farming,horticulture,controlled environment agriculture
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems & Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXXIII) - Berlin, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems & Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXXIII) - UV-LED Lithography for Millimeter-Tall High-Aspect Ratio 3d Structures
摘要： This paper introduces a UV-LED lithography system for fabrication of millimeter tall 3-D high-aspect-ratio structures. The proposed system has high intensity collimated light from the light source and a tilt-rotational light propagation at the sample stage to create 3-D light patterns inside a photoresist layer. The lithography system comprises 5-by-5 1.5-W LED array capped with 5° collimated lens, a 4-inch-diameter sample holding plate which can be tilt and rotational, and a microcontroller for the operation of the system. To uniformly distribute the exposed light from the 25 LEDs, the light source was rotated during the exposure process. Two different photosensitive polymers were tested for millimeter tall structures including a widely used negative photoresist, SU-8, and liquid polyurethane, LF55GN. The fabricated millimeter-tall structures include pillars, artistic flowers, microneedle array and a horn structure for an RF antenna.
关键词： Millimeter tall,UV-LED Lithography,3D microfabrication
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Treatment of Spent LED Light Bulbs for Recycling of Its Components: A Combined Assessment in the Context of LCA and Cost-Benefit Analysis
摘要： Recently, the demand for LED light bulbs is rapidly increasing due to an increasing demand for energy saving lightning options. In this work, the elemental composition of LED light bulbs is first analyzed, and then a flowsheet for recovering LED chips and other valuable metals from spent LED light bulbs is put forward. The suggested flowsheet includes eddy current separation (ECS) and air tabling, in addition to several refining processes. The experimental results indicated that the eddy current separation and the air tabling are useful techniques for sorting components of LED bulbs, enabling the recycling of aluminium, plastics, and precious metals, such as gold and silver. Next, five different scenarios for treatment of spent LED light bulbs were considered and a combined life cycle assessment (LCA) and cost-benefit analysis was carried out to find out the most suitable alternative. The results of the combined assessment suggested that the recycling of mainly Al and plastics from spent LED bulbs is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative.
关键词： Magnetic separation,Density separation,LCA,REE,LED
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Design of highly efficient phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes with color rendering indices (R1 ? R15) ≥ 95 for artificial lighting
摘要： Phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs) are excellent energy-efficient light sources for artificial lighting applications. One goal of artificial lighting is to make objects/images look natural – as they look under the sunlight. The ability of a light source to accurately render the natural color of an object is gauged by the parameter – color rendering index (CRI). A conventional pc-WLED has an average CRI ~ 80, which is very low for accurate color reproduction. To utilize the pc-WLEDs for artificial lighting applications, all the CRI points (R1 – R15) should be above 95. However, there is a trade-off between CRI and luminous efficacy (LER), and it is challenging to increase both CRI and LER. Herein we propose a novel LED package (PKG) design to achieve CRI points ≥95 and efficiency ~100 lm/W by introducing two blue LEDs and a UV LED in combination with green and red phosphors. The silicone encapsulant, the current through the LEDs, and the green/red phosphor ratio were optimized for achieving high CRI and LER. Our re-designed LED PKG will find applications in stadium lighting as well as for ultra-high-definition television production where high CRI points are required for the artificial light source.
关键词： artificial lighting,phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes,color rendering index,luminous efficacy,LED package design
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of infrared light-emitting diode photobiomodulation in children with sleep bruxism
摘要： Background: Sleep bruxism is a masticatory muscle activity characterized as rhythmic (phasic) or nonrhythmic (tonic). In children and adolescents, etiological factors, such as breathing pattern and sleep quality, have recently been addressed in studies investigating sleep bruxism. New therapies for adults, such as botulinum toxin, have been investigated, but such techniques are not applicable for individuals in the growth and development phase. Methods: The participants will be 76 children, which will be randomly allocated to a control group, that is group 1, absence of bruxism; group 2, children with bruxism treated with infrared light-emitting diode (LED); and group 3, bruxism treated with occlusal splint. All participants will be submitted to a clinical evaluation to evaluate muscle activity and salivary biomarkers, before and after treatments. Muscle activity will be veri?ed by electromyography of muscles mastication, masseter and temporal, and salivary biomarkers observed will be cortisol and dopamine levels. Discussion: Photobiomodulation therapy has piqued the interest of researchers, as this noninvasive method has demonstrated positive results in problems related to muscle tissues. This document describes the protocol for a proposed study to evaluate morphological and psychosocial aspects in children and adolescents with awake bruxism and their responses to photo-biomodulation therapy with infrared LED.
关键词： LED,electromyography,children,sleep bruxism,salivary biomarkers
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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P‐9.3: The representation of monochromatic blue Micro‐LED arrays with 1984 ppi
摘要： Blue InGaN/GaN Micro-LED arrays based on silicon and sapphire substrates were fabricated respectively. The LED chips with 12.8 μm pixel pitch share a common n contactor in a 960*540 LED array. The driving current for a single LED chip with 8 μm mesa reaches as large as 20 mA, which indicates its current density is much larger than that of LEDs even in high power lighting application. Meanwhile, the reverse leakage current of a single 8μm size LED chip under -5V bias is below 10 pA, which falls within the range of a normal leakage current level for InGaN/GaN LED. The heat pressing bonding process between LED array and test backplane was also carried out for I-V-L test. The test results of LED arrays were presented.
关键词： Micro display,Flip-chip bonding,Micro-LED
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Comparison of the Amount of Temperature Rise in the Pulp Chamber of Teeth Treated With QTH, Second and Third Generation LED Light Curing Units: An In Vitro Study
摘要： Introduction: This in vitro study was designed to measure and compare the amount of temperature rise in the pulp chamber of the teeth exposed to different light curing units (LCU), which are being used for curing composite restorations. Methods: The study was performed in two settings; first, an in vitro and second was mimicking an in vivo situation. In the first setup of the study, three groups were formed according to the respective three light curing sources. i.e. quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) unit and two light-emitting diode (LED) units (second and third generations). In the in vitro setting, direct thermal emission from three light sources at 3 mm and 6 mm distances, was measured with a k-type thermocouple, and connected to a digital thermometer. For a simulation of an in vivo situation, 30 premolar teeth were used. Class I Occlusal cavity of all the teeth were prepared and they were restored with incremental curing of composite, after bonding agent application. While curing the bonding agent and composite in layers, the intrapulpal temperature rise was simultaneously measured with a k-type thermocouple. Results: The first setting of the study showed that the heat produced by irradiation with LCU was significantly less at 6 mm distance when compared to 3 mm distance. The second setting of the study showed that the rise of intrapulpal temperature was significantly less with third generation LED light cure units than with second generation LED and QTH light cure units. Conclusion: As the distance from the light source increases, less irradiation heat is produced. Third generation LED lights cause the least temperature change in the pulp chamber of single rooted teeth.
关键词： LED dental curing lights,temperature,QTH units,LED lights,pulp chambers,third generation LED lights,intrapulpal temperature rise
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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P‐4.5: The Applications of Micro‐LED Arrays in The Medical Field
摘要： With the continuous improvement of the quality of life of modern people, people's requirements for lighting continue to increase. In addition to working and living lighting, lighting plays a vital role in medical care. As a medical device, Micro-LED array has the advantages of small size, light weight, good monochromaticity, fast response, large light intensity and long lifetime. In this paper, the effects of different wavelengths of light on the human body are described respectively, and the application of Micro-LED arrays in acne treatment and blood oxygenation is proposed.
关键词： Blood oxygen detection,Phototherapy,LED array,Wavelength,acne treatment,Micro-LED
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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P‐9.5: Homogenous Integration Methods for Micro‐LED and 2T1C Structure HEMT
摘要： The display is an essential part of our life, Micro-LED (Micro-Light Emitting Diode), as an emerging display technology, competes with OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) and QLED (Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diode) to become the mainstream technology of the next generation of display technology in the display industry. Due to its advantages such as high resolution, high brightness, high response frequency, high stability, low power consumption, Micro-LED has very big application prospect. GaN-based HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) also is the research hot point due to its high electron mobility. Due to they are the same material, it is possible to combine two of them. In this paper, a homogenous integration method of HEMT driver circuit of 2T1C (2 transistors and 1 capacitor) structure with micro LEDs is proposed and simulated by Silvaco software.
关键词： 2T1C,homogenous integration,HEMT,HEMT-LED,display,Micro-LED
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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P‐9.10: Fabrication of micro scale and ultra‐thin LEDs for micro‐LED display applications
摘要： Presented here are the fabrication techniques for preparing micro scale and ultra-thin LEDs for micro-LED display applications. Lateral dimension less than 100μm and thickness of 5μm LED devices are fabrication and the preparing micro LEDs are transferred from the original growth substrate to the glass substrate successfully. The optoelectronic performance of micro scale and ultra-thin LEDs transferred on to the glass substrate as good as that of on the original growth substrate has achieved.
关键词： Micro LED Display,Micro LED,transfer
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04