- 标题
- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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A MEMS BPSK to ASK converter
摘要： Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) to convert a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signal to a simpler amplitude shift keying (ASK) scheme. Design/methodology/approach – The prototype is designed within the SOIMUMPs? fabrication process constraints. The fabrication constraints imposed geometric limitations on what could be tested. These constraints were used to build a mathematical model, which in turn was used to optimize the response using MATLAB?. The optimized design was tested using ?nite element analysis with CoventorWare?, and ?nally lab tests on the fabricated device were performed to con?rm theoretical predictions. Findings – Theoretical predictions compared well with lab measurements on a prototype device measuring 2.9 mm2. The prototype was tested with a carrier frequency of 174 kHz at a BPSK data rate of 3 kHz and carrier amplitude of 6 V. With these parameters, ASK modulation indices of 0.96 and 0.94 were measured at the two output sensors. Originality/value – This study provides a MEMS solution for BPSK to ASK conversion. The study also identi?es what limits betterment of the modulation index and data rate. Such a device has potential application in wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes that have energy harvesters and sensors that are also built in MEMS. Being a MEMS device, it can facilitate integration in such WSN nodes and, hence, potentially reduce size and costs.
关键词： Modulation index,Mixer,ASK detector,Micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS),BPSK converter
更新于2025-11-14 17:28:48
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Study of Power Consumption of Timepix3 Detector
摘要： The Timepix3 readout chip — the latest member of the Medipix family of hybrid pixel detectors — brought several new functionalities in comparison with the older Timepix, i.e. a high hit-rate, a time granularity of 1.5625 ns, a data-driven readout scheme (with a per pixel dead time of approximately 475 ns), and the capability of measuring Time-over-Threshold (ToT) and Time-of-Arrival (ToA) in each pixel at the same time. However, the high power consumption of the Timepix3 in the standard setting prevents its use in applications with limited power budget. Moreover, the high power consumption poses the risk of overheating the sensor so that proper cooling is crucial. The presented work investigates the effect of different settings in the analogue and a digital part of the Timepix3 detector on its power consumption. Measurements were performed with the Timepix3 chipboard. The firmware of the Katherine readout was modified so that the user can monitor the power consumptions of analogue and digital part “on-line” (directly in the control software). In standard settings, a power consumption of approximately 1.3 W was found. By changes of internal DACs, the consumption could be reduced to 650 mW. Further reduction was achieved by the change of the clock management in the digital part of the Timepix3. In result, a power consumption of 216 mA could be achieved. In these low power settings, the ToA clock was reduced to 10 MHz and thus the time binning was 100 ns. The energy resolution was not affected significantly. The pixel dead time is also negatively affected when the matrix clock is reduced. In the case of 10 MHz, the minimal per pixel dead time is 1.9 μs.
关键词： databases),Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems,Data acquisition concepts,hardware,algorithms,architecture
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Experimental performance of a highly-innovative low-noise charge-sensitive preamplifier with integrated range-booster
摘要： Integrated charge-sensitive preamplifiers suffer from a reduced available dynamic range respect to discrete-type equivalents. This is due to the limits on maximum supply voltages that modern scaled technologies can tolerate. In this work we present a low-noise low-power integrated charge-sensitive preamplifier (CSP) for solid-state detectors. This device is equipped with an integrated range-booster that can enhance the spectroscopic range of the preamplifier by more than one order of magnitude, enabling high-resolution spectroscopy even if the preamplifier is in deep saturation condition. If the input signals from the detector are under the natural saturation threshold (40 MeV), the preamplifier works in an usual linear way, producing at the output the typical exponential signals. With proper filtering a resolution of approximately 1 keV is achievable. When a large signal from the detector saturates the preamplifier, a sensing circuit detects the saturation and switches the operation mode of the CSP to the “fast-reset mode”. In this mode a constant and controlled current generator discharges the input node of the preamplifier until the normal operating point is reached. Meanwhile an auxiliary circuit similar to a TAC (Time-to-Amplitude converter) retrieves the energy of the signal that caused saturation. Although the natural dynamic range of the CSP is 40 MeV, the fast-reset mode enables for high-resolution spectroscopy (under 0.2% FWHM) up to several hundreds of MeV (700 MeV typically). One issue in this kind of circuits is the dependence of the energy measured with the TAC circuit on the baseline value of the CSP before the “fast-reset event” [5]. As a solution to this problem we propose a correction algorithm implemented inside the TAC block in the form of an analog circuit. On a test-bench a series of large 3 pC charge signals is injected in the input node of the preamplifier through a test capacitor. Before these events, residual charges ranging from 0 to 0.56 pC produce non-zero baseline voltages at the output of the CSP. The TAC with correction not only retrieves correctly the energy of the main event, but also rejects the baseline voltages, leaving the energy measurement unaffected. The fluctuations of the flat-top voltage in the signals produced by the auxiliary TAC circuit due to the different baseline voltages are under the 0.6% of the total signal amplitude.
关键词： Front-end electronics for detector readout,VLSI circuits,Analogue electronic circuits,Electronic detector readout concepts (solid-state)
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Characterisation of Timepix3 with 3D sensor
摘要： Tests were performed at the SPS facilities at CERN using a 40 GeV/c pion beam with prototype 3D-Timepix3 detectors (3D detector). A planar-Timepix3 (planar detector) was placed along the beam axis together with the 3D detectors in a telescope arrangement for comparison and reference. We demonstrate that the combination of 3D-geometry silicon sensors and Timepix3 module can reduce the effect of charge sharing and lowers the carrier drift-time, while giving the same spectroscopy performance without sacrificing the timing or any performance advantages of the Timepix3 module.
关键词： Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors,databases),Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems,hardware,algorithms,architecture
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Detection limit of a VCO based detection chain dedicated to particles recognition and tracking
摘要： A particle detection chain based on CMOS-SOI VCO circuit is presented. The solution is used for the recognition and the tracking of a given particle at circuit level. TCAD simulation of the detector has been performed on a 3x3 matrix of diodes based detector for particles recognition and tracking. The current response of the detector has been used for a case study in order to determine the ability of the chain to recognize an alpha particle crossing a 3x3 detection cell. The detection limit of the proposed solution is investigated and discussed in this paper.
关键词： TCAD simulation,VCO,particle detector
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Single Flip-Chip Packaged Dielectric Resonator Antenna for CMOS Terahertz Antenna Array Gain Enhancement
摘要： A single dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) capable of enhancing the antenna gain of each element of a 2×2 THz antenna array realized in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology is proposed in this work. The DRA implemented in a low-cost integrated-passive-device (IPD) technology is flip-chip packaged onto the CMOS antenna array chip through low-loss gold bumps. By designing the DRA to work at the higher-order mode of TE3,δ,9, only single DRA instead of conventionally needing four DRAs is required to simultaneously improve the antenna gain of each element of the 2×2 antenna array. This not only simplifies the assembly process but it can also reduce the assembly cost. Moreover, the DRA can provide great antenna gain enhancement because of being made of high-resistivity silicon material and higher-order mode operation. The simulated antenna gain of each on-chip patch antenna of the 2×2 CMOS antenna array can be increased from 0.1 to 8.6 dBi at 339 GHz as the DRA is added. To characterize the proposed DRA, four identical power detectors (PDs) are designed and integrated with each element of the 2×2 THz antenna array, respectively. By measuring the voltage responsivity of each PD output, the characteristics of each antenna of the antenna array with the proposed DRA, including the gain enhancement level and radiation pattern, can be acquired. The measurement results follow well with the simulated ones, verifying the proposed DRA operation principle. The four PDs with the proposed DRA are also successfully employed to demonstrate a THz imaging system at 340 GHz. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the proposed DRA is the one with the highest-order operation mode at THz frequencies reported thus far.
关键词： Silicon,Flip-chip packaging,Terahertz,CMOS,Terahertz imaging system,Antenna,Higher-order mode,Power detector,Dielectric resonator antenna
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 29th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) - Bologna, Italy (2018.9.9-2018.9.12)] 2018 IEEE 29th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) - Improved LAS Detector for MIMO Systems with Imperfect Channel State Information
摘要： The performance of coherent symbol detection in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is tightly related to the channel knowledge at the receiver side. For MIMO detection, achieving near-optimal performance with a low computational complexity has been a topic of several recent researches. In this paper, we propose a robust detector for uncoded MIMO systems with imperfect CSI (ICSI). The proposed detector is based on the likelihood ascent search (LAS) algorithm which achieves near maximum likelihood (ML) performance with a reduced complexity. To take into account the channel estimation error, we propose to use a modified likelihood metric function. Moreover, to enhance the system performance, we suggest to perform the channel estimation and the data detection in an iterative manner. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional LAS detector.
关键词： LAS detector,MIMO systems,robust detection,iterative detection,imperfect CSI
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Experimental study and modeling cryogenic detectors decoupling within dry cryostat
摘要： The dry cryostat technology is based on pulse tube cryo-coolers and offers a good alternative to wet dilution cryostats. However, the main drawback is the production of vibrations induced by the pulse tube. These vibrations can be transmitted to the cryogenic detectors mounted in the cryostat and cause extra-noises dramatically affecting their performance. A solution to mitigate the impact of these vibrations is to mount the detectors on a suspended tower. For this purpose, vibrations in a dry cryostat were modeled and preliminary prototypes were investigated in the scope of R&D for the EDELWEISS-III experiment.
关键词： Extra-noise,Vibrations,Suspended tower,Dry cryostat,Detector
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A 200 Mb/s～3.2 Gb/s referenceless clock and data recovery circuit with bidirectional frequency detector
摘要： This paper presents a 200-Mb/s to 3.2-Gb/s half-rate referenceless clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit in 180 nm CMOS process. A bidirectional frequency detector (FD) is proposed to eliminate the harmonic locking and reduce the frequency acquisition time. A frequency band selector for wide-range the voltage-control oscillator (VCO) is also presented to select an exact frequency band of the VCO. The simulation shows the CDR achieves 11-ps peak-to-peak jitter at 3 Gb/s and the frequency acquisition time of 11.8 μs.
关键词： wide-band VCO,bidirectional frequency detector,referenceless,clock and data recovery
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Advances in III-V semiconductor infrared absorbers and detectors
摘要： Advances in bulk III-V semiconductor material such as InGaAsSb and metamorphic InAsSb, as well as in a variety of type-II superlattices such as InGaAs/GaAsSb, InAs/GaSb, and InAs/InAsSb, have provided continuously adjustable cutoff wavelength coverage from the short to the very long wavelength infrared. We perform basic theoretical analysis to provide comparisons of different infrared materials. We also briefly report experimental results on a mid-wavelength InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice unipolar barrier infrared detector and a focal plane array with significantly higher operating temperature than InSb.
关键词： unipolar barrier,MWIR,infrared detector,e-SWIR,LWIR,antimonide,type-II superlattice,nBn,effective mass
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52