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Multipole Radiations from Large Gold Nanospheres Excited by Evanescent Wave
摘要： We proposed the use of the evanescent wave generated in a total internal reflection configuration to excite large gold nanospheres and investigated the radiations of the high-order plasmon modes supported in gold nanospheres. It was revealed that the evanescent wave excitation is equivalent to the excitation by using both the incident and reflected light, offering us the opportunity to control the orientation of the electric field used to excite nanoparticles. In addition, it was found that the scattering light intensity is greatly enhanced and the background noise is considerably suppressed, making it possible to detect the radiations from high-order plasmon modes. Moreover, the influence of the mirror images on the scattering induced by a metal substrate is eliminated as compared with the surface plasmon polariton excitation. By exciting a gold nanosphere with s-polarized light and detecting the scattering light with a p-polarized analyzer, we were able to reveal the radiation from the electric quadrupole mode of the gold nanosphere in both the spatial and the frequency domains. Our findings are important for characterizing the radiations from the high-order modes of large nanoparticles and useful for designing nanoscale photonic devices.
关键词： scattering,plasmon mode,electric dipole,radiation pattern,gold nanosphere,evanescent wave,electric octupole,electric quadrupole
更新于2025-11-21 11:24:58
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Src Kinase Controls Signaling Pathways In Sensory Neuron Triggered By Low-Power Infrared Radiation
摘要： Low-power (non-thermal) infrared (IR) radiation with the wavelength of 10.6 μm activates the Na,K-ATPase transducer function in sensory neurons, which is manifested in decrease of NaV1.8 channel voltage sensitivity at the cellular membrane level and in inhibition of growth of chick embryo dorsal root ganglia neurites at the tissue level. It is shown that the effect of low-power IR radiation is totally blocked by a specific Src kinase inhibitor PP2. Upon irradiation on the background of PP2, the effective charge of NaV1.8 channel activation gating system does not differ from its control value in patch-clamp experiments, and the area index of sensory ganglia neurites growth remains unchanged as compared to the control in organotypic tissue culture. The data obtained demonstrate that Src kinase is involved in intracellular signaling pathways triggered by CO2 laser low-power IR radiation by the transducer-activated mechanism. This is the first indication that in primary sensory neuron the signals of low-power IR radiation are sensed, amplified and transduced by the Na,K-ATPase/Src complex and not by G proteins.
关键词： Src kinase,infrared radiation,Na,K-ATPase,organotypic nerve tissue culture,NaV1.8 channels,sensory neuron,patch-clamp method
更新于2025-11-21 11:24:58
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Physical, structural and optical properties of Sm3+ doped lithium zinc alumino borate glasses
摘要： Sm3+ doped lithium zinc alumino borate glasses with composition 15ZnF2–12Li2CO3–10BaO–8Al2O3–(55-x) B2O3–xSm2O3 where x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.1 mol% were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique Their optical, physical, structural, mechanical and luminescence properties are investigated. UV–Vis-NIR absorption spectra showed all possible transitions of samarium ion in this glass matrix. Band gap values for all the glass samples were above 3 eV con?rming the insulating nature for the glass. Densities, assessed using the Archimedes rule, were observed to be increasing with increasing samarium concentration. Increase in molar volume with addition of samarium content indicated that the extension of glass network is on account of the increase of number of Non-Bridging Oxygens created by network modi?er samarium ions. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image showed a smooth surface for the synthezied glass. X-Ray Di?raction (XRD) technique was employed to verify the amorphous nature of the glasses. A Makishima and Mackenzie theoretical model gave acceptable approximation of elasticity constants viz. Young's modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus and Poisson's ratio. The high Vickers hardness values evaluated with mechanical loads of 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000 g force, proved the stability of the glasses. Emission spectra showed a prominent transition 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 at 598 nm excited with 6H5/2 → 4P3/2 transition at 401 nm. Luminescence quenching e?ect was observed beyond 0.3 mol% Sm2O3 addition. The chromaticity coordinates (x, y) clustered in the orange-red region, making these Sm3+ doped lithium zinc alumino borate glasses suitable candidate for applications in LEDs and solid-state lasers.
关键词： XRD,Photoluminescence,Samarium,Vickers hardness,Radiation shielding,Makishima and Mackenzie,Rare earth
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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Robust Janus fibrous membrane switchable infrared radiation properties for potential building thermal management application
摘要： Buildings heating and cooling consumes a large part of global energy, contributing to aggravating the global warming and energy crisis. It is strongly desired but still lacking in realizing heating and cooling functions within the same material without intensive energy input. Herein, a Janus thermal management membrane with trilayer structure has been prepared by using the ZnO nanorods array-coated cellulose (ZnO-NRs@cellulose), ultralong MnO2 nanowires (UL-MnO2-NWs) and silver nanowires (Ag-NWs) as building blocks. The ZnO-NRs@cellulose fiber layer with rough surface was fabricated by a hydrothermal progress based on the controlled growth of ZnO nanorods on cellulose surfaces. Subsequently, the hydrothermally synthesized UL-MnO2-NWs and Ag-NWs were filtered onto the ZnO-NRs@cellulose layer in turn, forming laminated Janus membrane. The Janus membrane exhibited asymmetric radiation properties on each side: the ZnO-NRs@cellulose side of the Janus membrane shows high solar radiation reflectivity and high infrared emissivity to minimize heat input from sun and enhance the heat dissipation in hot environment, while Ag-NWs side of that exhibits relatively high solar radiation absorption rate and low infrared emissivity for enhancing heat input from sun and reducing the heat radiation loss in cold environment. The introduction of UL-MnO2-NWs and Ag-NWs into the laminated Janus membrane endows the membrane with high tensile stress of 61.4 MPa. Moreover, the strong compatible entanglement among three layers of the Janus membrane causes the satisfactory interface stability. Due to the special asymmetric radiation performance, excellent interfacial compatibility, and high mechanical stability, such Janus membrane might be potential useful in building energy saving, personal thermal management and other facilities.
关键词： solar radiation,infrared radiation,laminated structure,MnO2 nanowire,Ag nanowire,Janus membrane
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:35
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Photodegradable MEH-PPV in a natural rubber matrix: Toward a biocompatible colorimetric film for real-time light dosimetry
摘要： This paper reports an interesting strategy of incorporating a photodegradable polymeric luminophore, the poly [2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] - OC10C6-PPV (MEH-PPV), in an inert natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensisis) - C5H8 (NR) matrix for monitoring and recording the radiation dose administered to patients under phototherapy, particularly in the treatment for jaundice newborns. A time-trend spectro?uorimetric study has been carried out to characterize the luminescent changes of the MEH-PPV/NR luminophore system upon photodegradation by realistic conditions of phototherapy treatment, and the dependence between color and dose was used to determine the dose-response relationships of this color ?lm dosimeter. Cytotoxicity tests (CHO-K1 cell line) have also been conducted on extracts of the OC10C6-PPV/C5H8 before and after photolysis. The experimental results reported here highlight the potential application of photodegradable polymer/natural rubber as a biocompatible skin-mountable patch to monitor light exposure to improve patient care in phototherapy, photodynamic, lasers and radiation therapies.
关键词： Medical-devices,Dosimeter,Printable device,Photooxidation,Organic device,Semiconducting polymer,Radiation oncology
更新于2025-11-14 15:18:02
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An investigation of 60Co gamma radiation-induced effects on the properties of nanostructured α-MoO3 for the application in optoelectronic and photonic devices
摘要： Gamma ray has sufficient energy to ionize and displace of atoms when interacts with optoelectronic and photonic devices that are placed at γ-radiation exposure environment, can be exposed to gamma radiation, resulting the alteration of the physical properties and hence the performances of devices. A comprehensive investigation of physical properties of the semiconductor materials under the influence of gamma radiation is essential for the effective design of devices for the application in the radiation exposure environment. In this article, a potential candidate for optoelectronic and photonic devices, orthorhombic MoO3 nanoparticles with average crystallite size of 135.31 nm successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. Then, the properties of nanoparticles exposed to low (10 kGy) and high (120 kGy) absorbed dose of γ-rays from 60Co source were characterized by XRD, FESEM, FTIR and UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer and effects of absorbed doses was investigated for the first time. A significant change is observed in different physical properties of α-MoO3 nanoparticles after gamma exposure. The XRD patterns reveal the average crystallite size, intensity and the degree of crystallinity decrease for low dose (10 kGy) and increases for high dose (120 kGy). The calculated average crystallite size exposed to low and high doses are 127.79 nm and 136 nm, respectively. The lattice strain and dislocation density, however, shows the opposite trend of crystallite size with absorbed doses. This result is good evidence for the deterioration of crystallinity for low dose and improvement for high dose. The FESEM results reveal the significant effects of gamma doses on the micrographs of layered structure and on grain size. The optical studies disclose that band gap increases gradually from 2.78 to 2.90 eV, this behavior is associated with the reduction of electronic localized states. These results suggest that α-MoO3 nanoparticles could tolerate high doses of gamma radiation, making it a promising candidate for optoelectronic and photonic devices for γ-ray exposure environment applications.
关键词： Optoelectronic and photonic devices,α-MoO3 nanoparticles,Co-60 gamma radiation,Optical bandgap,Structural properties
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Measurement and Investigation of the Incident Radiation in Case of Using Transparent Pyramidal Covers for Improving the Solar Panel’s Power Output
摘要： A new approach is presented to enhance the solar radiation intensity incident over the solar panel by using a transparent cover of pyramidal shapes. The pyramidal cover shape is manufactured of Polymethylmethacrylate dielectric material. The normal height of each pyramid is considered as a ratio of the base length. This ratio is considered in the present study to be 0.5, 1, and 1.5. The effect of the pyramidal covers on the solar panel voltage has been studied at different conditions. The experimental results confirm that the pyramidal cover shape causes the improvement to the solar panel output voltage by 4.2% when covering all the panel with pyramids of R=1 with a light incidence angle of 90 when the light rays come parallel to the panel surface. This improvement is found to decreases with covering fewer areas of the solar panel and with fewer incidence angles. It is found also that the distance between the light source and the panel is proportional to the output voltage improvement ratio compared to the panels output voltage without pyramidal cover. A mathematical model has been presented to prove the concept of increasing the electric and magnetic field of the incident radiation from the sun in case of presence of the transverse transparent barrier. Moreover, a mathematical ray tracking model was presented and validated with the experimental results by a maximum relative error of 14.8%
关键词： solar panel improvement,Incident radiation,enhancement of light field radiation,polarization,enhancement of solar radiation,transverse of transparent barrier
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[ACM Press the 3rd International Conference - Tetouan, Morocco (2018.10.10-2018.10.11)] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Smart City Applications - SCA '18 - Empirical models for estimating the global solar radiation based on air temperature and sunshine duration
摘要： This work aims to develop and validate empirical models for estimating global solar radiation at site of Alhoceima based on the meteorological data measured during the period 2010-2017. The empirical models studied in this paper are broken down into two categories: the first category consist of linear and nonlinear regression which relates the monthly average daily global solar radiation to the sunshine duration, such as: the model of Angstr?m-Prescott, the cubic, quadratic model (Ogleman et al.), exponential (Almorox), logarithmic and power model. The second category consists of mathematical models calculating the monthly average daily global solar radiation based on the air temperature. And finally this study proposed model wish is based on sunshine duration and gives the best results for the city of Alhoceima. Statistical evaluation of the performance and accuracy of the models on the basis of The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Bias Error MBE and R2 coefficient of determination, showed that all calibrated models estimates very well the monthly average daily global radiation. However the proposed model is more accurate with smaller errors and the best coefficient of determination.
关键词： air temperature,empirical model,sunshine duration,Daily global solar radiation,estimating global solar radiation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Projection X-ray Imaging
摘要： Recent advances in digital detector technology for medical radiography and fluoroscopy have resulted in improved workflow efficiency, operational flexibility, image quality, and diagnostic accuracy. This is attributed to the implementation of portable flat-panel x-ray detector devices able to provide real-time readout, processing, and display of medical images. As a result, digital radiography flat-panel detectors are rapidly replacing computed radiography passive detectors for projection imaging exams and image intensifier detectors for dynamic fluoroscopy exams. Advanced exam capabilities now include digital tomosynthesis and dual-energy radiography; the former is based on rapid acquisition of multiple angle-dependent image projections to synthesize tomographic slabs at selectable depths within the patient, and the latter is based on rapid back-to-back acquisition of the same anatomy at low and high x-ray energies to generate separate soft tissue and bone images. In both situations, superimposition of anatomy is reduced or eliminated, with the possibility of enhanced diagnostic confidence. Increased x-ray absorption efficiency and lower electronic noise of digital radiography detectors compared to computed radiography detectors enable equal image quality at lower patient dose; however, because of a disconnect between image appearance and radiation dose, lower patient dose is not always achieved. Education, training, and implementation of standards such as the International Electrotechnical Commission 62494-1 Digital Radiography Exposure Index are needed to ensure image quality at the lowest appropriate radiation dose. The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements can contribute to radiation responsibility in medical imaging by providing guidance on use of digital radiography, including recommendations for acquisition protocols and exposure index standards, for development of radiographic exam diagnostic reference levels, and for oversight of retake and reject analysis.
关键词： x rays,radiation dose,fluoroscopy,National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Ambient dose during intraoral radiography with current techniques: Part 1 conversion factor for scattered radiation using a rectangular collimator
摘要： The aim of this study was to establish a conversion factor for assessing the scattered radiation produced during intraoral radiography with a rectangular collimator in areas where the remnant beam is not present. The dose level in the remnant beam will be addressed in another study. A radiological phantom (Rando) in the upright position was exposed to radiation delivered by a Planmeca Intra X-ray unit over 9 exposure geometries (right side of a full mouth series). For each geometry, the scattered radiation dose was measured at 5 locations in the horizontal plane and 4 locations in the vertical plane in front of the patient. The measurements were corrected for background and leakage radiation. An inventory of the distributions of the different geometries with respect to their share of the total workload was created in order to assign the correct weightings of the total ambient scattered radiation for the different geometries. The weightings were used to construct a scattered radiation pattern for a representative mix of exposures. The maximum value found in this pattern was used to arrive at a safe conversion factor. The scattered ambient radiation dose was evenly distributed over the horizontal plane. The scattered ambient radiation dose ranged from 20 to 65% lower in the vertical plane. The conversion factor established for scattered ambient radiation was 0.05 μSv per mAs at 1 meter. This factor is 3-fold lower than the conversion factors reported previously.
关键词： radiation protection,dental radiography,radiation monitoring,Dental Equipment
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52