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A study on triple-junction GaInP2/InGaAs/Ge space grade solar cells irradiated by 24.5??MeV high-energy protons
摘要： This paper was reported high-energy proton exposure effects on triple-junction GaInP2/InGaAs/Ge space grade solar cells. In order to explore the degradation of solar cells in hard radiation environments detailed and systematic analysis were performed, and the results were presented. The irradiation process was carried out using 24.5 MeV protons with doses ranging from 0 to 170 Gy. The degradation of output parameters of solar cells was studied as a function of damaged dose using light current–voltage measurements. The current–voltage characteristics indicated that the short circuit current was degraded less than the open circuit voltage because the base sub-cell of GaAs was significantly damaged. To analyze the effects of radiation-induced displacement damage on cell performance SRIM simulation was performed. Capacitance and conductance measurements were done to knowledge about the carrier concentration and interface trap density. A decrease in carrier concentration and a small increase in interface trap density were observed.
关键词： Conductance method,Triple-junction,GaInP2/GaAs solar cells,Proton irradiation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Differential effects of high light duration on growth, nutritional quality, and oxidative stress of hydroponic lettuce under red and blue LED irradiation
摘要： In this study, effects of high light irradiation (HLI, 500 μmol m?2·s?1) duration in the middle of light period (16 h, 150 μmol m?2·s?1) provided by red (R) and blue (B) LEDs (4R:1B) on the growth, nutritional quality, and oxidative stress of hydroponic purple leaf lettuce grown in an environmentally controlled plant factory were examined on the 10th and 20th day after treatment. Set up five treatments with 0 h (CK), 0.5 h (HL0.5), 1 h (HL1), 2 h (HL2), and 4 h (HL4) HLI, respectively. We found that the shoot fresh weight of lettuce increased first and then decreased with the prolongation of HLI duration, whether in the early or late growth stage. On the 10th day after treatment, the root fresh weight and specific leaf weight of lettuce increased linearly with the prolongation of HLI duration, while the shoot/root ratio decreased linearly. On the 20th day after treatment, the lettuce of HL1 had the highest shoot fresh weight, leaf area, and shoot dry weight, followed by HL2. Besides, HL4 promoted the accumulation of soluble sugar, anthocyanin, flavonoid, and total phenolic simultaneously decreased the maximum quantum efficiency compared with others on the 10th day after treatment. On the 20th day after treatment, HL0.5 and HL4 stimulated the accumulation anthocyanin, flavonoid, total phenolic, and ascorbic acid compared with other treatments. The results showed that short-term HLI promotes biomass production and secondary metabolite accumulation, but HL4 caused photo-oxidative damage to lettuce. Therefore, lettuce growth and qualities can be purposely adjusted by adopting different duration of HLI provided by red and blue light in the plant factory, also these responses depended on lettuce growth stage closely.
关键词： Secondary metabolite accumulation,Hydroponic lettuce,High light irradiation,Antioxidant,LED
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effect of Laser Irradiation on Reversibility and Drug Release of Light-Activatable Drug-Encapsulated Liposomes
摘要： Although several studies have demonstrated repetitive drug release using light-activatable liposomes, inconsistent drug release at each activation limits widespread usage. Here, we report reversible plasmonic material-coated encapsulated liposomes for proportional controlled delivery of methotrexate (MTX), which is a common drug for cancer and autoimmune diseases, using repetitive laser irradiation. Our results suggest a proportional increase in total drug release after repetitive laser irradiation. We hypothesize that the drug is released via “melted” lipid bilayers when the plasmonic materials on the liposome surface are heated by laser irradiation followed by reversible formation of the liposome. To evaluate our hypothesis, the number density of liposomes after laser irradiation was measured using single-particle (liposome) collision experiments at an ultramicroelectrode. Collisional frequency data suggest that the number density of liposomes remains unaltered even after 60 s of laser irradiation at 1.1 and 1.8 W, indicating that the liposome structure is reversible. The results were further compared with gold nanorod-coated nanodroplets where drug is released via irreversible phase transition. In contrast to what was observed with the liposome particles, the number density of the nanodroplets decreased with increasing laser irradiation duration. The structure reversibility of our liposome particles may be responsible for repetitive drug release with laser heating. We also studied the temperature rise in the lipid bilayer by incorporating polymerized 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) in the lipid composition. The red shift in the UV?vis spectrum due to the structural change in PCDA lipids after laser irradiation indicates a rise in temperature above 75 °C, which is also above the chain-melting temperature of the main lipid used in the liposomes. All these results indicate that drug is released from the light-activatable liposomes due to reversible nanostructural alteration in the lipid bilayer by plasmonic resonance heating. The liposomes have potential to be a drug carrier for dose-controlled repetitive drug delivery.
关键词： drug release,reversible nanostructural alteration,light-activatable liposomes,plasmonic materials,laser irradiation,methotrexate
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Ion Implantation - Research and Application || MeV Electron Irradiation of Ion-Implanted Si-SiO2 Structures
摘要： The effect of (10–25) MeV electron irradiation on Si‐SiO2 structures implanted with different ions (Ar, Si, O, B, and P) has been investigated by different methods, such as deep‐level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), thermo‐stimulated current (TSCM), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), and soft X‐ray emission spectroscopy (SXES). It has been shown that in double‐treated Si‐SiO2 structures, the defect generation by high‐energy electrons depends significantly on the location of preliminary implanted ions relative to the Si‐SiO2 interface as well as on the type (n‐ or p‐Si) of silicon wafer. SiO2 surface roughness changes, induced by ion implantation and high‐energy electron irradiation of Si‐SiO2 structures, are observed by the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Si nanoclusters in SiO2 of ion‐implanted Si‐SiO2 structures generated by MeV electron irradiation is also discussed.
关键词： ion implantation,Si nanoclusters,MeV electron irradiation,Si‐SiO2 structures,radiation defects
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on BioGeoSciences (Modeling Natural Environments) || Tilt and Orientation of a Flat Solar Collector to Capture Optimal Solar Irradiation in Chilean Latitudes
摘要： The use of solar technologies is growing steadily throughout the world since solar radiation is recognized as an inexpensive and local renewable source of energy. At the same time, it helps to reduce the great environmental impact caused by the exploitation of non-renewable energy sources. Accurate information about incident solar radiation over an inclined surface is important for selection and installation of solar technologies. In this study, seasonal and annual total irradiation values received on a ?at solar collector were calculated by varying the inclination angle from 0° to 90°, and the azimuth angle from ?180° to 180° for 12 cities in Chile, based in one typical meteorological year. The study provides useful information about the in?uence of the tilt and azimuth angles to the total seasonal and annual solar energy collected. Several cities of Chile located from north to south were selected for the study, including Arica, Calama, Antofagasta, Vallenar, La Serena, Valparaíso, Talca, Concepción, Los Angeles, Valdivia, Puerto Montt, and Puerto Natales. The isotropic sky model was used to calculate the total irradiances. The results showed that during the summer months the average irradiation values were above 150 kWh/m2 in all cities. During the summer months, the device may be inclined between 0° and 30°, whereas during the winter months it is recommended to reset the inclination angle between 30° and 60°. The estimated annual solar radiation gains, based on tilt and azimuth angles, compared to a horizontal surface, increase toward the south with a maximum gain 10.08% for the city of Puerto Natales. The lowest gain was for the city of Arica with 0.55%, which shows that its best use is close to the horizontal surface. Although, the range of inclination and azimuth angles to achieve optimal irradiation values is wide, it is recommended to set the tilt angle of the ?at solar collector between 0° (cid:1) b (cid:1) 60° and the azimuth angle from ?60° (cid:1) c (cid:1) 60°. For losses smaller than 5% of irradiation, the azimuth angle can oscillate between ±30° without a signi?cant impact on the total irradiation captured by a ?at solar collector.
关键词： Flat solar collector,Tilt angle,Solar irradiation,Chile,Renewable energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Photoinduced Regulation of the Heat Resistance in Polymer Networks with Diarylethene-Conjugated Reversible Covalent Cross-Links
摘要： A cross-linker with a diarylethene-conjugated Diels?Alder adduct (DAE/DA) was synthesized and applied in a radical polymerization system to afford polymer networks whose dynamic nature can be changed reversibly by photo-irradiation. Free-radical polymerization of hexyl methacrylate and the DAE/DA-based cross-linker furnished an insoluble and transparent poly(hexyl methacrylate) network with DAE/DA moieties at their cross-linking points, which undergo de-cross-linking via a thermally induced retro-DA reaction upon heating. The photoregulation of such a thermal de-cross-linking reaction in DAE/DA-based polymer networks was demonstrated by swelling experiments and tensile tests, revealing drastic changes in the heat resistance and mechanical properties upon exposure to UV?vis irradiation.
关键词： heat resistance,mechanical properties,polymer networks,diarylethene,photo-irradiation,Diels?Alder adduct
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Microstructure and laser irradiation characteristics of TiC-free and TiC-doped tungsten-based coatings prepared by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying
摘要： Tungsten-based coatings without TiC addition (TiC-free) and with 1.5 wt% TiC addition (TiC-doped) were fabricated by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying (SAPS) technique, respectively. The as-sprayed coatings were then irradiated by laser. The results showed that the as-sprayed coatings were mainly composed of lamellar structure. TiC phase located mainly at lamellar gaps of the as-sprayed TiC-doped coating with a morphology of strip filled the gaps. The as-sprayed TiC-doped coating exhibited dense structure, lower porosity, reduced oxygen content and higher thermal conductivity as compared with the as-sprayed TiC-free coating. The as-irradiated coatings could be divided into remelted zone, un-remelted zone and/or mixing zone. Cracks were more easily formed in the as-irradiated TiC-free coating than in the as-irradiated TiC-doped coating. The stripped TiC phase in the as-sprayed TiC-doped coating changed into quasi-spherical/spherical ones in the remelted zone of the irradiated coating and distributed along the tungsten grain boundaries. The averaged tungsten grain size in the remelted zone of the as-irradiated TiC-doped coating was about 5.4 μm and that of the as-irradiated TiC-free coating was about 14.8 μm. There were about 96 wt% α(W) and about 4 wt% γ(W) existed in the remelted zone near the surface of the as-irradiated TiC-free coating. Only α(W) could be received in the remelted zone far from the surface of the as-irradiated TiC-free coating and the remelted zone of the as-irradiated TiC-doped coating. There were no obvious diffraction peaks for γ(W) could be indexed from the XRD patterns for the as-irradiated TiC-doped coating. The ability of the as-sprayed TiC-doped coating to resist laser irradiation was greater than the as-sprayed TiC-free coating, mainly attributing to the higher thermal conductivity of the as-sprayed TiC-doped coating and the refinement effect of TiC particles in the as-irradiated TiC-doped coating.
关键词： TiC-doped,Microstructure,Tungsten-based coating,Irradiation characteristic,Laser irradiation,Supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Multistimuli-responsive small-molecule compound with aggregation-induced emission enhancement characteristics: preparation, properties and applications
摘要： A novel multifunction luminescent small-molecule compound with hydrophilic chains was successfully designed and synthesized, which exhibited aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) characteristics. Even more interesting, it exhibited responsive behavior to temperature, pH and UV irradiation. In aqueous solution, its luminescence intensity showed temperature sensitivity. Initially, its luminescence intensity decreased slightly with an increase in temperature, which was enhanced greatly when the temperature increased to its lower critical solution temperature (LCST). With a further increase in temperature, there was a significant decline in its luminescence intensity. Additionally, it showed different pH and UV irradiation responsive behaviors in water and THF solution. In THF solution, its luminescence intensity was enhanced greatly with the addition of alkali, but it decreased with an increase in UV irradiation time. In aqueous solution, its luminescence intensity was enhanced slightly and its LCST decreased first and then increased with the addition of alkali. However, its luminescence intensity increased with an increase in UV irradiation time. The prepared small-molecule compound could also be used as a rewritable material with solid alkali or alkali solution used as ink and ordinary paper adsorbed with our prepared small-molecule compound used as rewritable paper.
关键词： small-molecule compound,rewritable material,temperature sensitivity,pH responsive,multistimuli-responsive,aggregation-induced emission enhancement,UV irradiation responsive
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Controlling the fluorescence properties of nitrogen vacancy centers in nanodiamonds
摘要： Controlling the fluorescence properties of nitrogen vacancy centers in nanodiamonds is an important factor for their use in medical and sensor applications. However, reports providing a deep understanding of the potential factors influencing these properties are rare and focus only on a few influencing factors. The current contribution targets this issue and we report a comprehensive study of the fluorescence properties of NVs in nanodiamonds as a function of electron irradiation fluence and surface termination. Here we show that process parameters such as defect center interactions, in particular, different nitrogen defects and radiation induced lattice defects, as well as surface functionalities have a strong influence on the fluorescence intensity, fluorescence lifetime and the charge state ratio of the NV centers. By employing a time-correlated single photon counting approach we also established a method for fast macroscopic monitoring of the fluorescence properties of ND samples. We found that the fluorescence properties of NV centers may be controlled or even tuned depending upon the radiation treatment, annealing, and surface termination.
关键词： fluorescence lifetime,charge state ratio,nanodiamonds,surface termination,nitrogen vacancy centers,fluorescence properties,electron irradiation
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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In-field dependences of the critical current density J in GdBa2Cu3O7-d coated conductors produced by Zr irradiation and post-annealing at low temperatures
摘要： We report the influence of 6 MeV Zr4+ irradiation and post-irradiation annealing (200 °C) in the in-field dependences of the critical current densities Jc of 1.3 μm thick GdBa2Cu3O7-d coated conductors grown by co-evaporation. Samples were irradiated with 6 MeV Zr4+ and fluences between 2.3 × 10^11 cm^-2 and 3 × 10^12 cm^-2. The correlation between the superconducting critical temperature Tc and in-field dependences of Jc has been analyzed. In addition, random disorder introduced by irradiation was reduced by thermal annealed at 200 °C. The analysis of our experimental findings indicates that the optimal irradiation (reducing random disorder by annealing) results in the suppression of the self-field Jc of ≈10% and in-field Jc enhancements nearly doubled at about 5 T. A clear correlation between Tc, disorder and self-field Jc is observed. Additional random disorder and nanoclusters suppress systematically Tc and increase the flux creep relaxation at intermediate temperatures (reducing the characteristic glassy μ value).
关键词： E. Ion irradiation,A. Coated conductors,D. Critical current densities
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36