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Toward Long-Distance Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Based on A High-Sensitivity Single Photon Avalanche Diode
摘要： In this study, we built a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) receiver based underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system. The bit error rate (BER) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance of UWOC with different distances and data transmission rates were obtained. Based on the water attenuation coefficient of 0.12 m-1, a series of neutral density (ND) filters were exploited to attenuate the light output power from the blue laser diode (LD) to simulate the long distance UWOC. The maximum estimated distances of 144 m and 117 m with corresponding BERs of 1.89 × 10-3 and 5.31 × 10-4 at data transmission rates of 500 bps and 2 Mbps were acquired in UWOC system using on-off keying (OOK) modulation scheme, respectively. Furthermore, we compared the differences between free-space and underwater channels, and a divergence angle of ~1.02 mrad was measured experimentally at a distance of 50 m in the free space. The long UWOC distances obtained in this study partly benefit from high sensitivity SPAD, the small laser divergence angle and low light attenuation. This study provides an approach to achieve long distance UWOC using SPAD.
关键词： laser,on-off keying,single photon avalanche diode (SPAD),Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Characterization of a MOPA system used for underwater optical communication
摘要： Underwater optical communication (UWOC) requires high-power laser transmitter with good beam quality for high-rate data modulation. Since master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) has the characteristic of preserving the property of seed laser (e.g. bandwidth and beam quality), it is expected to resolve the problem. In this paper, we theoretically simulate the large-signal modeling of the amplified laser light and the frequency response of a MOPA system and experimentally amplified 3-mW 1-um light to 145mW. The seed light came from 1064-nm TO-Packaged laser diode and was coupled into HI1060. To satisfy the requirements of the transmitters for UWOC, we used second harmonic generation and got 0.06mW 532-nm laser light. Finally, according to the theoretical analysis of a MOPA system and the electrical response of a laser driver, we chose Manchester Encoding to modulate the amplified 1064-nm laser light and achieved 100-Mbps transmission. The system was error free for 1?104 bits.
关键词： MOPA,UWOC,SHG
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Underwater wireless-to-plastic optical fiber communication systems with a passive front end
摘要： In this paper, we first propose and then experimentally demonstrate underwater wireless-to-plastic optical fiber (POF) communication system with a fully passive optical lens installed at the front end of the POF. A 2-m low-cost POF is used as an underwater extender to efficiently increase the transmission distance and easily deliver the laser beam to the desired place. A fiber-pigtailed green laser diode (520 nm) with 68 mA current was used to transmit the laser beam. A high coupling efficiency of 88% was measured in our system, which is significantly higher than the coupling efficiency from 2-m calm water to single mode fiber (39 %). The coupling loss of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) to POF was 0.11 dB. We obtained coupling efficiency of 86 % and 90 % from 7-m free-space to 2-m POF (numerical aperture (NA) 0.3–0.5), respectively, while considering coupling lenses with a NA of 0.125 or 0.30. Our achieved results demonstrate that the NA of the lens and that of the fiber should be close for high coupling efficiency.
关键词： POF,Efficiency,UWOC,Coupling lens
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Tapping underwater wireless optical communication in pure water and natural Dead-Sea ultra-high-salinity water by diffraction grating
摘要： Although underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) receives much interest lately, security issues associated with it get little attention. In this paper, we show how a message communicated using UWOC can be eavesdropped without a sender's or addressee's awareness, by employing a diffraction grating. We also analyze the propagation of multiple diffracted Gaussian beams in water, and show for the first time that UWOC is feasible even in natural ultra-salty water taken from the Dead-Sea. We evaluate how far from the addressee the message could be eavesdropped, and discuss different possibilities of tapping the channel – one from the air and one underwater.
关键词： diffraction grating,eavesdropping,underwater wireless optical communication,ultra-salty water,UWOC,Dead-Sea
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) - San Antonio, TX, USA (2019.9.29-2019.10.3)] 2019 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) - Underwater Wireless Optical Communications at 100 Mb/s using Integrated Dual-Color Micro-LEDs
摘要： Integrated blue-violet and blue-green micro-LED arrays, fabricated via a transfer printing method, were employed to demonstrate wavelength division multiplexing underwater data transmission at 100 Mb/s over up to 9 attenuation lengths in a 1.5 m long water tank.
关键词： UWOC,VLC,micro-LED,WDM,transfer printing,turbid
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04