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Effect of Unsymmetrically Branched Alkyl Chains on the Electrochemical Band Gap and Thermal Stability of the PCDTBT
摘要： This work introduces a modified poly[N-9’-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4’,7’-di-2-thienyl-2’,1’,3’-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) with the unsymmetrically branched N-alkyl chain, which name as poly[N-9’-(2-hexyldecyl)-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4’,7’-di-2-thienyl-2’,1’,3’-benzothiadiazole)] (P1). The synthesis of P1 involves dimerization, cyclization, tosylation, N-alkylation, bromination, Stille’s and Suzuki’s coupling reactions. Suitable analysis techniques have used to study the chemical, physical, electrochemical, optical, and thermal properties of P1. The analysis results show that P1 possesses higher HOMO and LUMO energy levels than the previously reported PCDTBT, which have been narrowing the electrochemical band gap down to 1.58 eV. However, the P1 experiences 5% thermal degradation at 280 °C, which is relatively less favourable than the PCDTBT. Hence, the replacement of the symmetrically branched alkyl chains of PCDTBT with unsymmetrically branched alkyl chains results in both improvement and draw-back on the characteristics of the polymer.
关键词： bond energy,Alkylation,cyclic voltammetry,electrochemistry,polymerization
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:35
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CePd‐Nanoparticles‐Incorporated Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Counter Electrode for DSSCs
摘要： In this study, the cerium-palladium (CePd) incorporated carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were manufactured by low-cost and versatile electrospinning technique and successfully applied as a counter electrode to fabricate the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The utilized physiochemical techniques, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) confirmed the formation of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) incorporated by Ce and Pd nanoparticles. CePd incorporated CNFs were preliminary presented good electrocatalytic activity towards the iodide redox couple, as investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The DSSC fabricated using CePd incorporated CNFs based counter electrode (CE) attained an applicable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.52% along with open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.739 V, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 11.42 mA/cm2 and fill factor (FF) of 0.54. According to primary results, the CePd incorporated CNFs based CE is a promising, and cost-effective alternative CE for photoelectrochemical devices.
关键词： Alloys nanoparticles,Solar cells,Electrocatalyst,Cyclic voltammetry,Carbon nanofibers
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A novel non-enzymatic zinc oxide thin film based electrochemical recyclable strip with device interface for quantitative detection of catechol in water
摘要： Catechol, one of the major effluents released by various chemical and metal processing industries, causes severe pollution of groundwater. Monitoring of catechol in water using cost-effective, handheld sensor is demanding for the safety of the environment. In this work, non-enzymatic zinc oxide thin film based electrochemical strip sensor is developed on conducting glass substrate for detection of catechol. The preparation of strip without employing standard Pt or Ag/AgCl electrodes and simply depositing ZnO through wet chemical process represents a cost-effective innovative technique. The ZnO thin film is characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and grazing incidence X-ray diffractrometer (GIXRD). Catechol is electrochemically detected by means of cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. A prominent redox peak of the developed strip attributed to the detection of catechol is observed at -0.26 V in cyclic voltammetry. The strip is integrated with readout meter and an algorithm is built based on the experimentally observed linear variation of amperometric current with catechol concentration. The quantitative detection performance is demonstrated by testing 0.1-12 ppm catechol solutions.
关键词： Zinc oxide,Catechol,Electrochemical strip sensor,Amperometry,Cyclic voltammetry
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Synthesis and characterization of novel imine substituted phthalocyanine for sensing of l-cysteine
摘要： New mono-nuclear cobalt (II) tetra[4-(2-{(E)-[(4-bromophenyl)imino]methyl}phenoxy)] phthalocyanine (CoTBrImPc) complex has been synthesized for the first time in pure state. The synthesized dark blue coloured complex was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis, NMR, Mass, powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to understand the structural integrity, purity and crystalline property of the complex. The synthesized phthalocyanine complex was found to be electrochemically active and it was immobilized on the glassy carbon electrode by drop-casting method and used for the detection of L-cysteine. The CoTBrImPc modified electrode was found to be a good electrocatalyst for the catalytic oxidation of L-cysteine with shift in the overpotential towards less positive potential and an increase in the catalytic current compared to bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The linear response was observed for the voltametric detection of L-cysteine in the concentration range 10-100 nM with coefficient of regression R2= 0.9993 and LOD of 3 nM and sensitivity of 2.99 μA nM-1 cm-2. The amperometric sensor was also developed for the detection of L-cysteine which showed linear response in the concentration range same as that of cyclic voltammertry technique with a linear equation y = 0.7582x+16.9535 and correlation coefficient of R2= 0.9961. The LOD and LOQ values for amperometric detection were 4 nM and 12 nM, respectively with the sensitivity value of 10.81 μA nM cm-2.
关键词： TGA,L-cysteine,XRD,Amperometry.,Phthalocyanine,cyclic voltammetry
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Electrodeposition of lead selenide films from ionic liquids based on choline chloride
摘要： The paper presents some experimental results regarding the electrodeposition of PbSe thin films at 70 oC from two choline chloride (ChCl) based ionic liquids containing PbCl2 and SeO2 as precursors in choline chloride-ethylene glycol (ILEG) and choline chloride-urea (IL) eutectic mixtures. In this article we will detail our investigation of cathodic processes involved during the electrodeposition of binary semiconductor compound, PbSe as well as of singular Pb and Se elements. The cathodic branches of the recorded cyclic voltammograms in the cases of ionic liquids containing both Pb2+ + Se4+ show successively the Se underpotential deposition, Se bulk deposition and Pb deposition followed by a formation of PbSe semiconductor compound. However, at the most negative potentials the Se content of final layers decreases by a partial electrochemical dissolution of Se which reduces to Se2- soluble species. PbSe thin films have been electrodeposited on copper or nickel substrates under potentiostatic control at 70 oC for 0.5-4 h. The adherent and uniform deposits were characterized by SEM-EDX and XRD techniques. SEM images have shown adherent and grey deposits with uniform morphology and cubic PbSe crystals. A stoichiometry of around Pb1.1Se was indicated by EDX elemental analysis. XRD confirmed the formation of PbSe compound, showing a nanocrystalline structure, with crystallites average sizes in the range of 10-35 nm.
关键词： DES ionic liquids,electrodeposition,selenide semiconductors,Lead selenide,cyclic voltammetry
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A Cationic Rectifier Based on a Graphene Oxide Covered Microhole: Theory and Experiment
摘要： Cation transport through nano-channels in graphene oxide can be rectified to give ionic diode devices for future applications for example in desalination. A film of graphene oxide is applied to a 6 μm thick poly-ethylene-terephthalate (PET) substrate with 20 μm diameter microhole and immersed in aqueous HCl solution. Strong diode effects are observed even at high ionic strength (0.5 M). Switching between open and closed states, microhole size effects, and time dependent phenomena are explained based on a simplified theoretical model focusing on the field-driven transport within the microhole region. In aqueous NaCl, competition between Na+ transport and field-driven heterolytic water splitting are observed, but shown to be significant only at low ionic strength. Therefore, nanostructured graphene oxide is demonstrated to exhibit close to ideal behavior for future application in ionic diode desalination of seawater.
关键词： molecular pump,amplifier,voltammetry,transistor,desalination,iontronics
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Electrochromic behavior of films and ?smart windows? prototypes based on π-conjugated and non–conjugated poly(pyridinium triflate)s
摘要： This study is focused on two electrochromic poly(pyridinium triflate)s. They are aromatic rigid-rod polymer PV1 and PV12 containing alkyl linkages. Electrochromic behavior of both polymers was comparatively investigated by employing a three-electrode cell and ?smart windows? prototypes. The electrochromic properties of polymer films were examined by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. Polymers with π-conjugate and non-conjugate structure demonstrate reversible redox process accompanied by a reversible color change both in three-electrode cell and electrochromic device (ECD). In general, introduction of the non-conjugated spacers to the PV12 backbone structure leads to deterioration in the optical contrast and switching time in comparison with π-conjugated PV1. The same effect was also detected for ECD. The reason behind this is thought to be a complication of electron transport in the system due to non-conjugated PV12 backbone structure.
关键词： Electrochromic polymers,Poly(pyridinium) salts,Conjugated polymer,Cyclic voltammetry,Electrochromism
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum against Acid Activation: Impact of Benzothiazole-Substituted Gallium Phthalocyanine
摘要： This study describes the adsorption behavior of organic inhibitors at the aluminum-HCl solution interface and their corrosion inhibition performance. The organic inhibitors employed are: 4-(benzo [d]thiazol-2ylthio)phthalonitrile (BTThio) and tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl-thio)phthalocyaninato]gallium(III) chloride (ClGaBTThioPc). The corrosion behavior of these inhibitors is investigated using electrochemical and computational techniques. Open circuit potential results reveal predominant cathodic character for the mechanism of aluminum corrosion inhibition by the inhibitors. Inhibition efficiency values from potentiodynamic polarization measurements increase from 46.9 to 70.8% for BTThio and 59.7 to 81.0% for ClGaBTThioPc within the concentration range of 2 to 10 μM. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements reveal protection of the metal surface from acid attack, in the presence of the inhibitors and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements show that the most probable way by which the inhibitors protect the metal surface would be by shielding it from the corrosion attacks of Cl? from the acid. Quantum chemical parameters corroborate well with experimental findings.
关键词： open circuit potential,cyclic voltammetry,potentiodynamic polarization,corrosion inhibition
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Chemometrics-assisted determination of Sudan dyes using zinc oxide nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensor
摘要： Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) assisted with electrochemical techniques was applied for simultaneous determination of Sudan II and III at a surface of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) modified carbon paste electrode. Characterization of the ZnONPs and the nanostructured modified electrode was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. Response surface methodology using central composite rotatable design was employed to design of experiments and achieving to optimum values of variables. For simultaneous determination of Sudan II and III, electrochemical second order data were obtained by changing of pulse height in differential pulse voltammetry technique. MCR-ALS was performed on the data to obtain the decomposition peaks of analytes. Then, the detection limits were obtained 1.87 and 2.62 nM for Sudan II and III, respectively. Finally, this method used for the analysis of the two analytes in real samples.
关键词： ZnO nanoparticles,Differential pulse voltammetry,MCR-ALS,Sudan dyes,Second order data,Response surface methodology
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Mercaptoalkanoic Acida??Induced Band Gap Attenuation of Copper Selenide Quantum Dot
摘要： Copper selenide quantum dot (CuSeQD) materials functionalised with mercaptoalkanoic acids {3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA), 6-mercaptohexanoic acid (6-MHA) and mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA)} were synthesized by a reproducible aqueous colloidal technique at room temperature. The impact of the capping agents on the size and the crystallinity of the CuSeQD materials, were investigated by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopic techniques, respectively. SAXS results confirmed that 6-MHA-CuSeQD had the smallest average particle core size when dried, whereas MSA-CuSeQD had the smallest size in aqueous solution, though with a tendency to aggregate. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements indicated strong bonding of the capping agents to CuSe particles, with MSA being the weakest binding agent, confirmed by low Zeta potential(ζ = (cid:0) 31.1 mV) and high polydispersity index (0.469) values. UV-Vis absorption studies confirmed a large blue shift of the band gap for the QD compared to the bulk material, with characteristic absorption band (λ) and direct band gap (Egd) values being (λ = 435 nm, Egd = 5.6 eV) and (λ = 400 nm, Egd = 8.0 eV), (λ = 340 nm, Egd = 4.0 eV), for 6-MHA-CuSeQD, 3-MPA-CuSeQD and MSA-CuSeQD, respectively. As supported by the formal potential values for 6-MHA-CuSeQD (E0’ ? 120 mV), 3-MPA-CuSeQD (E0’ ? 159 mV) and MSA-CuSeQD (E0’ ? 183 mV), the smaller the particle size, the lower the potential required for the application of the quantum dots in an electron transfer process.
关键词： Cyclic Voltammetry,biocompatible,copper selenide,Aqueous synthesis,quantum dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01