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The Influence of Ceramic Far-Infrared Ray (cFIR) Irradiation on Water Hydrogen Bonding and its Related Chemo-physical Properties
摘要： The property of water is highly related to the earth's environment and climate change. The fundamental dynamical process of water is include formation and breaking of hydrogen bonds. This dynamic process, so far, is still poorly understood. We investigated weakening of the hydrogen bonds of water after ceramic Far-Infrared Ray (cFIR) irradiation and the resulting effects on physical and chemical properties of water. In this study, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to explore hydrogen bonding change of cFIR-irradiated water; in addition, capillary viscometers, Gas Chromatographs (GC), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), contact angles, Franz cells, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and capillary electrophoresis analysis were used to evaluate its physical characteristics, such as viscosity, volatility, temperatures of water crystallization, surface tension, diffusion, hydrogen peroxide dissociation, solubility of solid particles, and changes in pH of acetic acid. The cFIR treated water decreased in viscosity and surface tension (contact angles), but increased in the solubility of solid particles, hydrogen peroxide dissociation, temperatures of water crystallization, and acidity of acetic acid. The weakening of water hydrogen bonds caused by cFIR irradiation is correspondent with our previous medical-biological studies on cFIR.
关键词： Hydrogen bonds,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),Contact angle,Ceramic far infrared ray (cFIR),Irradiation water,Solubility,Volatility
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A Induced by Dense Nanocavities Inside Aligned 2D-TiO2 Nanostructures
摘要： The preparation of materials with aligned porosity in the nanometer range is of technological importance for a wide range of applications in molecular filtration, biomaterials and catalysis. Herein we present the advantages offered by cryo – lyophilisation technique as a smart and green non-standard concept to produce dense regular polyhedral nanocavities inside the 2D TiO2 nanosheets. Hierarchical morphologies of nanocavities start to appear at temperature higher than 800 °C and are strongly influenced by polymorph TiO2 evolution competing reactions. The small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis confirms self-assembled 3D nanocavities with size range from 5 to 10 nm in both length and width, and depth ~ 3.6 nm formed after realising of the confined ice-water. It was found that nanocavities enhance significantly the absorption properties of TiO2 in the UV region, thereby providing a new approach to increase the photoreactivity of 2D TiO2 nanosheets. The annealed precursors containing aqueous solution of peroxo polytitanic acid (PPTA) at 800 °C exhibited the highest photoactivity in degrading bisphenol A (BPA) due to evenly distributed nanocavities inside single anatase TiO2 nanocrystals interconnected and aligned onto the 2D TiO2 nanosheet arrays.
关键词： emerging pollutants,nanoconfined water,photocatalysis,nanocavities,freeze-drying,anatase TiO2
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Water-soluble titanium-oxides: Complexes, clusters and nanocrystals
摘要： The water-soluble titanium-oxide structures covered in this review span a continuum from molecular clusters to colloidal nanocrystals. Here, a deliberate distinction is made between titanium clusters and nanoparticles with organic ligands, soluble in organic solvents, and related structures prepared and soluble in water. This distinction is made in response to rapid developments in three areas covered in this article: small titanium-oxide clusters prepared at low pH values in water, heterpolytungstate macroanions with high-nuclearity titanium-oxide cores, and polyoxometalate complexes of anatase-phase TiO2. The latter nanostructures occupy a unique position between polyoxometalate macroanions and traditional colloidal TiO2. As such, the progressively larger water-soluble titanium-oxide structures covered in the three main sections of this review establish a continuum that begins to blur the longstanding divide between molecular and colloid science.
关键词： Polyoxometalates,Titanium oxide,Water soluble,Clusters,Nanocrystals
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A sustainable solution for removal of glutaraldehyde in saline water with visible light photocatalysis
摘要： Glutaraldehyde (GA) is the most common biocide used in unconventional oil and gas production. Photocatalytic degradation of GA in brine simulating oil and gas produced water using Ag/AgCl/BiOCl composite as a photocatalyst with visible light was investigated. Removal of GA at 0.1 mM in 200 g/L NaCl solution at pH 7 was 90% after 75 min irradiation using 5 g/L of the photocatalyst. The GA removal followed pseudo-first order reaction with a rate constant of 0.0303 min?1. At pH 5 or at 300 g/L NaCl, the photocatalytic removal of GA was almost completely inhibited. Similar inhibitions were observed when adding dissolved organic carbon (from humic acid) at 10 and 200 mg/L, or Br? at 120 mg/L to the system. The removal rate of GA markedly increased with increasing pH (5-9), photocatalyst loading (2-8 g/L) and under 350 nm UV (compared to visible light). On the contrary, the removal rate of GA markedly decreased with increasing NaCl and initial GA concentrations (0-300 g/L for NaCl and 0.1-0.4 mM for GA). A quenching experiment was also conducted; electron holes (h+) and superoxide (O2?-) were found as the main reactive species responsible for the removal of GA while ?OH had a very limited effect.
关键词： saline,Glutaraldehyde,produced water,hydraulic fracturing fluid,visible light photocatalysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Direct utilization of solar linear Fresnel reflector on multi-effect eccentric horizontal tubular still with falling film
摘要： The paper presents a multi-eccentric tubular desalination system heated directly by a linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) field to enhance the productivity. In this novel system, the solar radiation is sent directly into desalination unit. The configuration and working processes of the proposed design are described in details. The tube inner wall with absorbing coating were used as a receiver by placing in the cylindrical cavity to absorb concentrated solar energy and transfer it to a falling water film. To verify the performance of the system in different effects, an indoor experimental eccentric tubular still was fabricated and tested under different heating conditions from 400 to 1600 W respectively. The experimental results showed that the maximum accumulated yield of the 1st and 2nd effect are about 28.27 kg and 21.37 kg, respectively. The outdoor experimental results show that the cumulative output of the unit is about 11.35 kg, the maximum performance ratio (PR) is about 2.88 with an evacuated tube solar collector. A two-effect tubular desalination system for linear Fresnel reflector with a capacity of 63.68 kg/d was proposed according to the presented theoretical and experimental work. By taking solar linear Fresnel reflector heating mode, the cost of water production reaching about $6.16/ton.
关键词： Falling water film,Heat and mass transfer,Solar distillation,Horizontal tubular still,Multi-eccentric
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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H2 production by the water splitting reaction using photocatalysts derived from calcined ZnAl LDH
摘要： Photocatalysts based on calcined ZnAl layered double hydroxides were obtained by coprecipitation and the subsequent thermal treatments at different temperatures. The calcined materials were characterized and its photocatalytic behavior was evaluated in the water splitting reaction in presence of UV irradiation. According to the XRD analysis, there was detected the presence of Zn as hexagonal ZnO in all the samples, as well as Al forming ZnAl2O4 and Zn6Al2O9, depending on the temperature of calcination employed. H2 yield was higher as the annealing temperature was increased due to the formation of the heterojunctions of ZnO with the Zn6Al2O9 and ZnAl2O4 oxides, reaching the maximum value in the sample annealed at 600 °C. Some decay in the activity was observed in the sample calcined at 700 °C, probably due to the higher recombination rate of the photo-generated charge carriers in that heterojunction in comparison with that obtained at 600 °C.
关键词： Hydrogen,Calcined LDH,ZnAl mixed oxides,Photocatalyst,Heterojunction,Water splitting
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Ti3C2 MXene nanoparticles modified metal oxide composites for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting
摘要： MXene, an emerging family of two-dimensional (2-D) material, has shown outstanding electronic properties and promise for the applications on energy storage and conversion. In this paper, Ti3C2 MXene nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile solvent exfoliation method and used to construct metal oxide/Ti3C2 heterostructures. When these heterostructures were used as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting, significantly improved photoactivity and stability were achieved. Compared to pristine TiO2, 6-fold enhanced applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) was achieved for TiO2/Ti3C2 heterostructures. According to the electron spin resonance, electrical impedance spectroscopic and Mott-Schottky measurements, the enhanced photoelectrochemical performance was ascribed to the presence of Ti3C2 as oxygen evolution cocatalysts and the strong interfacial interactions between metal oxide and Ti3C2. Therefore, our research provides a new way to design MXene-based heterostructures for solar energy conversion applications.
关键词： Metal oxide,MXene,Heterostructured photoanodes,Photoelectrochemical,Water splitting
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Aging of a Vanadium Precursor Solution: Influencing Material Properties and Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Performance of Solution-Processed BiVO <sub/>4</sub> Photoanodes
摘要： Metal–organic decomposition is an easy way to fabricate BiVO4 (BVO) photoanodes; however, it often experiences a reproducibility issue. Here, the aging duration of a vanadium precursor solution, vanadyl acetylacetonate in methanol, is identified as a factor that profoundly affects reproducibility. Substantial changes in structural, optical, and electrical properties of BVO films are observed upon varying aging time of vanadium precursor solutions, which subsequently impacts photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation and sulfite oxidation reactions. With the optimum number of aging days (3 d), some deficiency of oxygen is observed, which is accompanied by an increase in carrier concentration and a reduced charge transfer resistance in the PEC device, which produces the highest PEC performance that is comparable to the state-of-the-art undoped BVO photoanodes. The findings point to the importance of understanding solution chemistry and demonstrate that utilization of the understanding of fine adjustment of the composition of BVO films can produce highly reproducible and efficient BiVO4 photoanodes.
关键词： solution aging,metal–organic decomposition,bismuth vanadate,chemical composition,photoelectrochemical water splitting
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Manipulation of Charge Transport by Metallic V <sub/>13</sub> O <sub/>16</sub> Decorated on Bismuth Vanadate Photoelectrochemical Catalyst
摘要： Conductive metal oxides represent a new category of functional material with vital importance for many modern applications. The present work introduces a new conductive metal oxide V13O16, which is synthesized via a simplified photoelectrochemical procedure and decorated onto the semiconducting photocatalyst BiVO4 in controlled mass percentages ranging from 25% to 37%. Owing to its excellent conductivity and good compatibility with oxide materials, the metallic V13O16-decorated BiVO4 hybrid catalyst shows a high photocurrent density of 2.2 ± 0.2 mA cm?2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Both experimental characterization and density functional theory calculations indicate that the superior photocurrent derives from enhanced charge separation and transfer, resulting from ohmic contact at the interface of mixed phases and superior electrical conductivity from V13O16. A Co–Pi coating on BiVO4–V13O16 further increases the photocurrent to 5.0 ± 0.5 mA cm?2 at 1.23 V versus RHE, which is among the highest reported for BiVO4-based photoelectrodes. Surface photovoltage and transient photocurrent measurements suggest a charge-transfer model in which photocurrents are enhanced by improved surface passivation, although the barrier at the Co–Pi/electrolyte interface limits the charge transfer.
关键词： charge transport,bismuth vanadate,Co–Pi passivation,water oxidation,metallic V13O16
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Ferroelectric enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting in BiFeO3/TiO2 composite photoanode
摘要： A facile sol-gel methodology was used to synthesize single-phase BiFeO3 (BFO) film on TiO2 photoanode to improve photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting efficiency. The BFO films with controllable thickness induced a considerable ferroelectric polarization under bias voltage, which effectively tuned the electric band bending of BFO/TiO2. The photocurrent density of the as-prepared BFO-5/TiO2 could reach up to 11.25 mA/cm2, which is over 20 times higher than that of bare TiO2. Moreover, the positively poled BFO-5/TiO2 photoanode yielded a photocurrent density of 28.75 mA/cm2 at 1.5 V vs.SCE under AM 1.5G illumination. This work suggests that BFO/TiO2 with combined ferroelectric and semiconducting features could be a promising solution to improve PEC performance by concurrently promoting the light absorption and charge-separation and transportation properties.
关键词： BiFeO3,Ferroelectric polarization,Photoanode,Water-splitting
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52