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- 2019
- phased array antenna
- single-ridge waveguide
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- millimeter wave devices
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- Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)
- band-pass filters
- diplexer
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A New 4 ?? 4 Rectangular Waveguide Short-Slot Coupler in 3D Printed Technology at Ku-Band
摘要： This paper presents a novel design of an eight-port directional coupler with a very compact structure and simple manufacturing, working in the Ku frequency band. One of the main goals of the design was to ease the manufacturing with a simple structure: the coupler consisted of four rectangular waveguide input ports, four rectangular waveguide output ports, and a central coupling region with only H-plane variation. A prototype was fabricated using additive manufacturing, with a combination of 3D printing and silver coating metallization. The obtained performance showed a theoretical bandwidth of 6.6% with 20 dB return loss for the input/output ports. Good agreement between simulations and measurements was obtained, validating the proposed coupler as a good trade-off for low cost 3D printing, compactness, and high performance for systems requiring a high number of ports as in phase arrays or Butler matrices.
关键词： rectangular waveguide,Riblet-type coupler,directional couplers,additive manufacturing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Multibeam Monopulse SIW Slot Array Antenna
摘要： A multibeam slot array antenna is proposed in the 10-GHz band for a monopulse tracking system with resolution enhancement techniques. The antenna architecture combines a four-subarray SIW slot antenna, a multibeam-forming network of microstrip Rotman lens array, and a SIW comparator of four-quadrant monopulse technique. A method to form difference patterns in both E-plane and H-plane for mutibeams is presented, and the method can improve the accuracy of angle detection for all beams. The key point of the method is to compensate the phase difference caused by the beam deflection between two subarrays (quadrants) by constraining input delay lines of the Rotman lens array. To validate the proposed concepts, an antenna prototype is realized and measured. The experimental results demonstrate a scanning range of ±36° with -5 dB crossover level between two adjacent sum beams in the E-plane. The corresponding beams of difference pattern are generated in E-plane and H-plane via the monopulse comparator to enhance angle resolution. The multibeam monopulse system can achieve gains between 21.7 dBi and 23.5 dBi for all sum beams at the center frequency of 10 GHz. The lobe imbalances are less than 1.1 dB and null depths are lower than -16 dB for all difference patterns. This multibeam monopulse slot antenna can be applied in radar and communication systems requiring beam-scanning capabilities and target tracking.
关键词： slot array,Rotman lens,monopulse antenna,substrate integrated waveguide (SIW),Multibeam antenna
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2018 Second International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC) - Erode (2018.2.15-2018.2.16)] 2018 Second International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC) - Review report on the Effects of anisotropic and inhomogeneous permittivity on electromagnetic wave propagation
摘要： This research work deals with the ‘Effects of anisotropic, inhomogeneous permittivity and gravitation on electromagnetic wave propagation in waveguides’. Waveguide is a structure which can guide electromagnetic energy. Transportation of electromagnetic energy is one of the prime needs of a communication system. Communication engineers are in constant search of structures which can transport electromagnetic energy over long distances with minimum possible loss. Metallic waveguide can transport electromagnetic energy efficiently over frequencies ranging between few tens of kHz to few tens of GHz.
关键词： Anisotropic permittivity,anisotropic waveguide,inhomogeneous permittivity
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A highly sensitive optofluidic-gas sensor using two dimensional photonic crystals
摘要： Photonic crystals (PCs) are optical structures based on periodic arrays of dielectric materials. These structures enable the manipulation of photons as semiconductors do for electrons. Many optical devices with miniature sizes have been designed based on novel properties of PCs. In this paper, we proposed a new refractive index sensor with high sensitivity and high quality factor, which is implemented in a two dimensional PC with a hexagonal lattice structure. The proposed sensor has been constructed using a PC waveguide surrounded by two rows of ring-shaped holes. The emersion of Fabry-Perot interference pattern within the transmission band and its role in the determination of the features of the proposed refractive index sensor has been investigated. The finite-difference time-domain simulation results indicate that in the case of filling the holes of central waveguide and its surrounding ring-shaped holes by different materials with refractive indices from n = 1 to n = 1.5, a high sensitivity of 575 nm/RIU and a high quality factor of 7070 is achieved, which makes the proposed design applicable for liquid and also gas sensing.
关键词： sensing waveguide,quality factor,sensitivity,Fabry-Perot oscillation,gas sensor,photonic crystal
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Variable-Ratio Mode-Insensitive 1 × 2 Power Splitter Based on MMI Couplers and Phase Shifters
摘要： Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) has been considered as a low-cost and high-density means for high-bandwidth on-chip optical communications in a high-performance computer and a data center. However, simultaneously controlling the power of multiple modes in the MDM systems is dif?cult due to the complex mode coupling for high-order modes (HOMs). Here we propose a novel schematic structure of variable-ratio mode-insensitive 1 × 2 power splitter, which is based on multimode interference (MMI) couplers cascaded with phase shifters. We theoretically reveal the phase shifting relations between the fundamental mode and the HOMs for the phase shifter formed by two unequal-width waveguides. Then, the operating principles for the proposed structure are presented. Numerical simulations are carried out and it is found that the structure has the ability to realize variable-ratio dual-mode mode-insensitive 1 × 2 power splitter by designing the number and lengths of the phase shifters, which shows a good agreement with our theoretical analysis. The structural parameters of the MMI couplers and the phase shifters are optimized to minimize the transmittance losses and the differences of mode power splitting ratio. The simulation results also show that the optimized power splitters have the advantages of high tolerance to fabrication errors and wide operating bandwidths, which indicates that the proposed structure can operate on multiple modes and would be suited to potential applications in on-chip optical communications.
关键词： mode-insensitive power splitter.,mode-division multiplexing,Optical waveguide devices
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF CIRCULAR POLARIZED SIW SLOT ARRAY ANTENNA FOR CUBESAT INTERSATELLITE LINKS
摘要： This paper presents the design and fabrication of an antenna based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) for intersatellite crosslinks in C-band. The entire antenna consists of two elements of SIW slots array that is fed by a hybrid 3 dB directional coupler. The entire SIW slots array antenna is circularly polarized (CP), and each element has four longitudinal slots. The element’s e?ective ?eld matching is realized with a microstrip to SIW transition. The antenna design has been evaluated with its return loss, gain plot, and radiation pattern characteristics to validate the fabricated antenna. The fabricated prototype antenna radiates a left-handed circularly polarized (LHCP) electromagnetic wave with the peak gain of 5 dB and o?ers approximately 2% AR bandwidth around 5 GHz.
关键词： circularly polarized (CP),intersatellite links,slot array antenna,CubeSat,Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Special Issue of Silicon Photonics [Scanning the Issue]
摘要： Silicon, well established as an electronics platform, was ?rst seriously explored as an optical waveguide platform in 1987 by Soref and Bennett. Light at ?ber-optic communication wavelengths can pass through crystalline silicon with very high transmission. Silicon waveguides can be made by etching into the thin crystalline silicon layer on a silicon-on-insulator wafer. Because of the high refractive index of silicon compared to the surrounding oxide, these waveguides can bend with radii less than ?ve micrometers and make compact splitters/combiners, ?lters, and polarization elements. High-speed optical modulators can be made by rapidly changing free electron and hole densities in the silicon in the optical path, and photodetectors can be made by epitaxially growing germanium on the silicon, both using electrically connected p-n junctions. The only element missing to complete an optical integration platform is an integrated light source, rendered very dif?cult because of the indirect bandgap of silicon and germanium. While to date, no practical electrically pumped light emitter has been deployed based on silicon itself, multiple hybrid and heterogeneous solutions have been reported.
关键词： integrated light source,hybrid and heterogeneous solutions,fiber-optic communication,Silicon photonics,optical waveguide
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Micromachined Filters at 450 GHz With 1% Fractional Bandwidth and Unloaded Q over 700
摘要： This paper presents two silicon-micromachined narrowband 4th order waveguide filter concepts with center frequency of 450 GHz, which are the first narrowband submillimeter-wave filters implemented in any technology with a fractional bandwidth as low as 1%. Both filters designs are highly compact and have axial port arrangements, so that they can be mounted directly between two standard waveguide flanges without needing any split-block interposers. The first filter concept contains two TM110 dual-mode cavities of circular shape with coupling slots and perturbations arranged in two vertically stacked layers, while the second filter concept is composed of four TE101 series resonators arranged in a folded, two-level topology without cross-couplings. Prototype devices are fabricated in a low-surface roughness deep-silicon etching on silicon-on-insulator wafers. The measured passband insertion loss of two prototype devices of the dual-mode circular-cavity filters is 2.3 dB, and 2.6 dB for three prototypes of the folded filter design. The corresponding extracted unloaded quality factors of the resonators are 786±7 and 703±13 respectively, which are the best so far reported for submillimeter-wave filters in any technology. The presented filters are extremely compact in terms of size; their footprints have areas of only 0.53 and 0.55 mm2, respectively, and the thickness between the waveguide flanges is 0.9 mm.
关键词： micromachining technology,microfabrication,waveguide filters,all-pole filters,dual-mode filters
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2020 Moscow Workshop on Electronic and Networking Technologies (MWENT) - Moscow, Russia (2020.3.11-2020.3.13)] 2020 Moscow Workshop on Electronic and Networking Technologies (MWENT) - The Investigation of Circular Dielectric Filled Waveguide with Metal Ridges
摘要： This paper provides information about the results of investigation of circular dielectric filled waveguide with metal ridges. One of the most important characteristics of waveguide structures are cutoff wave numbers. In our research we focus on cutoff wave numbers of the dominant mode and higher order modes. So, the method which is applied is the partial regions method. The researched structure has metal ridges and corners so a singularity of electromagnetic fields is considered by adding special functions in equations. Equations for electromagnetic field components are presented. Besides cutoff wave numbers the pictures of isoline of electromagnetic field are obtained. These results can be useful to create filters, diplexers and others devices based on circular dielectric filled waveguide with metal ridges. The computed results are found for different number of series terms in expansion and different numbers of approximating functions, so it allows to estimate the accuracy of the algorithm.
关键词： partial regions method,double ridged waveguide,dielectric filing,filters,ridged waveguide,waveguide resonators,cutoff wave numbers,waveguide components,diplexers
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Compact and Fabrication-Tolerant Waveguide Bends Based on Quadratic Reflectors
摘要： We propose and experimentally demonstrate a broadband, polarization-diverse compact bending design for low-index-contrast waveguides, where light is re-directed via total internal reflection (TIR) on an air-trench quadratic (elliptical or parabolic) reflector surface. Compared to prior work based on flat TIR mirrors, the quadratic reflector design contributes to minimized mode leakage and reduced optical losses, enabling high-density, scalable photonic architectures at the chip and board levels. Moreover, we develop a self-aligned fabrication process where the reflector and the waveguide segments are defined in a single lithography step, thereby circumventing the alignment sensitivity issue common to traditional air trench structures. Our simulations predict bending losses down to < 0.14 dB per 90° and 180° bend at 850 nm wavelength, and we experimentally measure broadband losses of ~ 0.3 dB per 90° and 180° bend for both TE and TM polarizations in structures fabricated using standard UV lithography.
关键词： polymer waveguide,free-form reflector,integrated photonics,waveguide bend,waveguide
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57