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Quantitative imaging biomarkers for Yttrium-90 distribution on Bremsstrahlung single photon emission computed tomography after resin-based radioembolization
摘要： To identify baseline imaging features in patients with liver cancer that correlate with Yttrium-90 (90Y) distribution on post-procedural single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and predict tumor response to transarterial radioembolization (TARE). Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board and included 38 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 23, 18/23 males, mean age 62.39±8.62 years, 34 dominant tumors) and non-HCC hepatic malignancies (n = 15, 9/15 males, mean age 61.13±11.51 years, 24 dominant tumors) who underwent 40 resin-based TARE treatments (08/2012-01/2018). Multi-phasic contrast-enhanced MRI or CT was obtained prior to and Bremsstrahlung SPECT within two hours after TARE. Total (TTV, cm3) and enhancing tumor volume (ETV, cm3 and % of TTV), and total and enhancing tumor burden (%) were volumetrically assessed on baseline imaging. Up to two dominant tumors per treated lobe were analyzed. After multimodal image registration of baseline imaging and SPECT/CT (MIM Software Inc., Cleveland, OH), 90Y distribution was quantified on SPECT as tumor-to-normal-liver-ratio (TNR). Response was assessed according to RECIST1.1 and quantitative European Association for the Study of the Liver (qEASL) criteria. Clinical parameters were also assessed. Statistical tests included Mann-Whitney-U, Pearson correlation, and linear regression. Results: In HCC patients, high baseline ETV% significantly correlated with high TNR on SPECT, demonstrating greater 90Y uptake in the tumor relative to the liver parenchyma (p < 0.001). In non-HCC patients, a correlation between ETV% and TNR was observed as well (p = 0.039). Follow-up imaging for response assessments within one to four months post-TARE was available for 23 patients with 25 treatments. The change of ETV% significantly correlated with TNR in HCC (p = 0.039) but not in non-HCC patients (p = 0.886). Additionally, Child-Pugh class B patients demonstrated significantly more 90Y deposition in non-tumorous liver compared to Child-Pugh A patients (p = 0.021). Conclusion: This study identified ETV% as a quantifiable imaging biomarker on pre-procedural MRI and CT to predict 90Y distribution on post-procedural SPECT in HCC and non-HCC. However, the relationship between the preferential uptake of 90Y to the tumor with tumor response after radioembolization could only be validated for HCC.
关键词： imaging biomarker,Radioembolization,quantitative SPECT,Yttrium-90,contrast enhancement
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Bound States in the Continuum in Magnetophotonic Metasurfaces
摘要： We analyze the enhancement mechanisms of magneto-optical effects in all-dielectric metasurfaces caused by the bound state in the continuum resonance. In a structure under study, a square lattice of bismuth substituted yttrium iron garnet nanodisks with an air hole displaced away from the disk axis, magneto-optical polarization and intensity effects reach 0.7° and 22%, respectively.
关键词： bound state in the continuum,magneto-optical effects,all-dielectric metasurfaces,bismuth substituted yttrium iron garnet
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Immediate effect of pulsed high-intensity neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser on staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa growth: an experimental study
摘要： The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pulsed high intensity neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser on staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacterial growth, which cause many health problems and establish which doses are effective in bacterial inhibition. Five samples of S. aureus and five samples of P. aeruginosa were prepared in the microbiology lab, one used as control sample and the other 4 samples acted as experimental samples. The experimental samples received pulsed high intensity Nd: YAG laser with a total dose of 500, 600, 700 and 800 joules. The primary measures are colony count and the percentage decrease in colony count, the colony count was assessed at baseline and after 24 h of laser application. There was significant decrease in colony count and the percentage decrease in colony count after pulsed high intensity Nd: YAG laser application in all experimental samples of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa after 24 h of application for all doses (500, 600, 700 and 800 j) as compared with the control sample, with the most effect in higher doses of pulsed high intensity Nd: YAG laser than lower doses in both types of bacteria. pulsed high intensity Nd: YAG laser was found to be an effective modality for inhibition of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa growth after a single application.
关键词： Bacterial growth,Pulsed high intensity neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser,Colony count
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Using erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser irradiation in different energy output levels versus ultrasonic in removal of root canal filling materials in endodontic retreatment
摘要： Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of erbium?doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation in different energy outputs versus ultrasonic in gutta-percha removal during the endodontic retreatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 extracted human lower premolars were divided into three groups (n = 7). Following the standardized preparation of the root canals with Wave One Rotary system and obturation with gutta-percha: Group I was treated with ultrasonic, Group II by Er:YAG laser with 40 mJ/Pulse, and Group III by Er:YAG laser with 50 mJ/Pulse for the removal of gutta?percha from the canals. Two extra teeth were treated by Er:YAG laser with 135 mJ/Pulse as control group. For all groups, time for gutta-percha removal was recorded. Samples were then splited into two halves and tested by scanning electron microscope and stereomicroscopic evaluation under different magnification power to observe the efficacy of each method used in the removal of gutta-percha. Results: Statistical analysis of Kruskal–Wallis suggested that there are significant difference between the groups in relation to removal time (P < 0.05) and 2 × 2 Mann–Whitney U-test among the groups revealed that there is no significant difference between 40 and 50 mJ laser outputs (P > 0.05), but ultrasonic versus 40 and/or 50 mJ laser outputs were significantly different (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Er:YAG laser beam was not so efficient when compared to ultrasonic to reach the deeper parts of the canals as it was asserted, thermal side effects and burning damages were observed on the root canal dentinal walls. Moreover, the delivery system was not flexible enough to compensate the curvature of the canal system even though we used more straight canals as the sample ones as well as more time-consuming than the ultrasonic and more clinical time, rendering it to be less efficient in the removal of the obturation material during endodontic retreatment procedures.
关键词： gutta-percha removal,erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers,Endodontics,retreatment,lasers
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Malpositioned canine treatment with autotransplantation and laser
摘要： Children and young adults often have tooth loss due to congenital tooth deficiency, trauma, or caries. Autotransplantation has many benefits. The transplanted tooth can be moved orthodontically, maintains alveolar bone growth potential during eruption, and functional periodontal ligament function also permits tooth eruption, allows the defected areas to be filled with the bones; gingival contour is much more successful than the one obtained with prosthesis. In this paper, treatment steps and follow?up results of autotransplantation case supported with biostimulation are mentioned. A 14?year?old female patient was admitted to the clinic with a complaint of decayed tooth 53 and malposed tooth 13. Mobile primary tooth was pulled out, and the socket was shaped with surgical drills. By performing transplantation of ectopic canine, splint was applied with steel wire and composite. Diode laser was used to provide deep disinfection of canals. The patient underwent low-dose laser therapy for biostimulation immediately after these procedures. We did not encounter any ankylosis, root resorption, periodontal, or functional problems in our evaluation with computed tomography after 3 years follow-up of the patient.
关键词： erbium,biostimulation,Autotransplantation,diode laser,chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effect of Er:YAG laser on debonding strength of laminate veneers
摘要： Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the debonding strength of laminate veneers after using erbium?doped: yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 bovine mandibular incisor teeth were divided into two groups (n = 30). Cylindrical specimens (0.7 mm × 5 mm) were fabricated from Empress II ceramic. Then, they were cemented to incisors using dual?cured resin cement (Variolink II). In the first group, no laser application was performed. The Er:YAG laser was applied on each laminate veneer at the test group for 9 s by using the scanning method. Shear force to remove the laminate veneers were applied with universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Results: Results of this study exhibited significant differences between the control (27.28 ± 2.24 MPa) and test group (3.44 ± 0.69 MPa) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that application of Er:YAG laser decreased the bond strength of laminate veneers.
关键词： Debonding,shear bond strength,scanning method,erbium-doped:yttrium aluminium garnet laser,laminate veneers
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Efficient sky-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes via photoluminescence enhancement
摘要： The efficiencies of green and red perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have been increased close to their theoretical upper limit, while the efficiency of blue PeLEDs is lagging far behind. Here we report enhancing the efficiency of sky-blue PeLEDs by overcoming a major hurdle of low photoluminescence quantum efficiency in wide-bandgap perovskites. Blending phenylethylammonium chloride into cesium lead halide perovskites yields a mixture of two-dimensional and three-dimensional perovskites, which enhances photoluminescence quantum efficiency from 1.1% to 19.8%. Adding yttrium (III) chloride into the mixture further enhances photoluminescence quantum efficiency to 49.7%. Yttrium is found to incorporate into the three-dimensional perovskite grain, while it is still rich at grain boundaries and surfaces. The yttrium on grain surface increases the bandgap of grain shell, which confines the charge carriers inside grains for efficient radiative recombination. Record efficiencies of 11.0% and 4.8% were obtained in sky-blue and blue PeLEDs, respectively.
关键词： radiative recombination,perovskite light-emitting diodes,yttrium (III) chloride,photoluminescence quantum efficiency,wide-bandgap perovskites
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Successful Treatment of Cosmetic Eyebrow Tattoos in Fitzpatrick III‐IV With Picosecond (1,064, 532‐nm) Neodymium‐Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser With a Perfluorodecalin‐Infused Patch: A Pilot Study
摘要： Background and Objectives: Nanosecond Q‐switched lasers have been used for the removal of traditional and cosmetic tattoos. Picosecond lasers utilize pulse durations of 10?12 and provide more efficient clearance of tattoos. Safe and effective removal of tattoos is especially important in cosmetically sensitive areas such as the face. We report four patients with skin types (III–IV) who have had successful removal of eyebrow tattoos with the picosecond (1,064‐, 532‐nm) laser using a perfluorodecalin‐infused patch (PFD). Study Design/Materials and Methods: Patients with eyebrow tattoos underwent treatment with dual‐wavelength picosecond Nd:YAG laser at 1,064‐nm with a 3 mm spot size and fluence of 4–4.6 J/cm2. The 532‐nm wavelength was also used during treatment #1 (patient 2 only) with a 4 mm spot size and fluence of 0.5 J/cm2. Patient 1 had a total of three treatments (6–8 weeks apart). The remaining patients, each had only one treatment. Patients were photographed prior to treatment and subsequently at each follow‐up. Results: Immediately following each laser treatment, only mild and transient localized erythema and edema was observed. Some epidermal crusting was noted for 3–5 days following each treatment. Eyebrow hair growth was not affected and no adverse events were reported. There was 75% clearance in patient 1 after three treatments over a period of 2.5 months, 75% clearance in patient 2 after one treatment, 90% clearance in patient 3 after one treatment, and 100% clearance in patient 4 after one treatment. Conclusions: The 532‐ and 1,064‐nm wavelength of the picosecond Nd:YAG laser was safely used to clear brown and black ink eyebrow tattoos in four patients, three of whom were skin type IV, and one of whom underwent eyebrow tattoo via microblading, a novel and popular technique for cosmetic tattoos. The use of picosecond laser provides several treatment advantages to Q‐switched laser when treating eyebrow tattoos. In our experience, it required less number of treatments and lower fluences. This, along with use of the perfluorodecalin‐infused patch resulted in excellent outcomes for our patients with no significant side effects.
关键词： microblading,Nd:YAG,permanent makeup,picosecond,cosmetic tattoos,eyebrow tattoo,neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Femtosecond Laser Written Depressed-Cladding Waveguide 2 × 2, 1 × 2 and 3 × 3 Directional Couplers in Tm3+:YAG Crystal
摘要： Ion-doped crystal-based compact devices capable of beam splitting and coupling are enthralling for a broad range of classical and quantum integrated photonics applications. In this work, we report on the fabrication of depressed-cladding waveguide 2D 2×2, 1×2 and 3D 3×3 directional couplers in Tm3+:YAG crystal by femtosecond laser writing. The performances of the couplers are characterized at 810 nm, showing single-mode guidance, polarization independence, ?nely matched splitting ratios. These results open up new opportunities in the bene?cial fabrication of 3D circuits and devices in crystals.
关键词： crystal,femtosecond laser writing,directional coupler,depressed-cladding waveguide,integrated photonics,yttrium aluminum garnet,quantum memory
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Physical properties of cerium doped-yttrium iron garnet ultrathin films for photovoltaic application
摘要： In this study, cerium incorporated yttrium iron garnet ultrathin films (CexY3-xFe5O12) (where x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) were prepared by the sol-gel method, spin coating technique, and heat treatment on quartz substrates. The effect of Ce on structural properties, morphology of thin films surface, and optical properties was explored by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission microscopy (FESEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). According to the XRD results, the films were crystalline with the cubic phase, while the FESEM indicated the YIG nanoparticles with approximately spherical shapes. The growth process of crystallite in YIG nanoparticles was investigated by X-ray peak broadening. The Williamson-Hall (W–H) analysis was utilized to maintain the contributions of crystallite size on the peak broadening of Ce:YIG nanoparticles. The structural features of thin films such as strain and stress for all of the peaks of XRD were accurately determined from the uniform deformation model (UDM) according to the YIG cubic phase. According to the AFM pictures, it seemed that thin films had a continuous and smooth surface. The absorption and transmission were measured in the visible and infrared region from 400 to 1200 nm.
关键词： Structural features,Cerium yttrium iron garnet thin films,Photovoltaic application,Optical properties,Sol-gel
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22