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New Immunosensing-Fluorescence Detection of Tumor Marker Cytokeratin-19 Fragment (CYFRA 21-1) Via Carbon Quantum Dots/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite
摘要： The rapid detection of lung cancer in early stages using the antigen cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) as a tumor marker in human serum plays an important role in the survival of patients and taking a fast surgical reaction. This study aimed to employ the green synthesized carbon quantum dots conjugated zinc oxide nanocomposite as a highly sensitive fluorescence immunosensing solution for fast determination of CYFRA 21-1 antigen in human serum. The suggested method was conducted by applying a hydrothermal method to prepare carbon quantum dots using Citrus lemon pericarp. The formed carbon quantum dots were used in the reduction and stabilization of zinc acetate to synthesize carbon quantum dots-zinc oxide nanocomposite. To form a sandwich capping antibody-antigen-antibody immunosensing system, a CYFRA 21-1 antigen was trapped by immobilizing a non-conjugated monoclonal antibody BM 19.21 on the surface of carbon quantum dots-zinc oxide nanocomposite and another monoclonal antibody KS 19.1, which was coated on the microtiter well surface. This system has a tunable fluorescence feature recorded at excitation and emission of λex = 470 and λem = 520 nm, respectively. The suggested nanocomposite fluorescence immunosensing system displayed a linear relationship of 0.01–100 ng mL?1 with a limit of detection of 0.008 ng mL?1. The suggested immunosensing system based on carbon quantum dots-zinc oxide nanocomposite provides a promising approach for rapid diagnoses of lung cancer by detecting CYFRA 21-1 in human serum.
关键词： Carbon quantum dots,Fluorescence,Immunoassay,Cytokeratin fragment 21-1 antigen,Zinc oxide nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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High Efficiency Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diode by Solution Printing of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
摘要： Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have attracted considerable attention owing to the narrow emission spectra, wide color gamut, high quantum yield and size-controlled emission wavelength. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have been widely used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in QLEDs due to their excellent electrical properties. In this study, we compared the efficiency of QLEDs with organic and zinc oxide ETLs in viewpoint of the charge balance. The QLEDs were constructed using ZnO nanoparticles with an average particle size of 3 nm or 3TPYMB as the ETL materials. CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and poly-TPD were used as a light-emitting elements and hole transporting material, respectively. The QLED with 3TPYMB ETL exhibited current efficiency of 7.71 cd/A, while the efficiency of the QLED using ZnO nanoparticles was significantly improved to 38.76 cd/A. Such a substantial improvement of emission efficiency in the QLEDs with ZnO ETL was attributed to the much better charge balance by the ZnO.
关键词： Solution Printing,Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles,Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diode
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Development of a Hybrid Chitosan- and Niacinamide-Coupled ZnO Nanoparticle Composite for Sun Protection Application
摘要： Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) have long been utilized as UV-protective sunscreen components due to their high durability and lower skin irritation while maintaining capability for blocking UV rays. However, the dispersal and transparency properties of ZnO need to be enhanced in order to improve the capacity for creating effective sunscreen through control of the physiochemical properties of ZnO. In this study, chitosan or niacinamide, which are suitable functional cosmetic compounds and effective skin lightening agents, are combined with ZnO for the development of better UV-protective products. Each biocompatible coating material is individually attached on its surface after the synthesis of ZnO. The size is 70 nm using the sol-gel method. Their morphology and chemical structure are characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, and zeta potential. The results indicate that approximately 50% of chitosan and 5% niacinamide were coated on the ZnO. To confirm the capacity of each surface-coated ZnO with chitosan and niacinamide as a sunscreen, we measured their transmission, reflectance, and sun protection factor (SPF) using a UV spectrophotometer and SPF. As a result, the niacinamide-coated ZnO shows remarkably lower transmission and high reflectance against UV rays than that of bare ZnO and chitosan-coated ZnO. Furthermore, niacinamide-coated ZnO exhibits great lightening effects. Consequently, these results demonstrate that niacinamide coating is highly effective for the production of sunscreen emulsions.
关键词： Zinc oxide nanoparticles,TEM,FT-IR,SEM,XRD,UV-protective sunscreen,TGA,chitosan,SPF,sol-gel method,zeta potential,niacinamide,sun protection factor
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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The effects of gadolinium doping on the structural, morphological, optical, and photoluminescence properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method
摘要： Pure and gadolinium (Gd)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method. The EDS analysis confirmed the presence of Gd3+ ions in ZnO lattice. The X-ray diffraction measurement indicated the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure for both pure and Gd-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The structural parameters of nanoparticles such as lattice constant, crystallite size, dislocation density, micro strain and other lattice parameters were calculated from XRD data. FESEM images of nanoparticles showed that the grain morphology of nanoparticles tends to hexagonal form by introducing Gd3+ ions into the ZnO lattice. The presence of functional groups and chemical bonding attributed to ZnO was confirmed by FT-IR measurement. The optical properties of nanoparticles were investigated by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The UV–Vis absorbance spectra, for Gd-doped samples, illustrated a blue shift by increasing Gd concentration. Also, the band gap of nanoparticles increased by increasing Gd concentration. The photoluminescence spectra of Gd-doped nanoparticles showed that the intensity of green luminescence increases by substitution of Gd3+ ions into the ZnO lattice attributed to the oxygen vacancies.
关键词： structural properties,morphological properties,co-precipitation method,gadolinium doping,zinc oxide nanoparticles,optical properties,photoluminescence properties
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Synthesizing, characterizing, and toxicity evaluating of Phycocyanin-ZnO nanorod composites: A back to nature approaches
摘要： C-Phycocyanin pigment was purified from a native cyanobacterial strain using a novel consecutive multi-step procedure and utilized for the first time for the green synthesis of phycocyanin-zinc oxide nanorods (PHY-ZnO NRs) by a simple, low-cost and eco-friendly approach. The PHY-ZnO NRs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential measurement, FTIR, SEM, TEM, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TGA), and EDX spectroscopy analysis. The UV-Vis spectra showed an absorption band at 364 nm which is characteristic of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The rod-shaped PHY-ZnO NRs observed in the TEM and SEM images had an average diameter size of 33 nm, which was in good agreement with the size calculated by XRD. The elemental analysis of PHY-ZnO NRs composition showed that three emission peaks of zinc metal and one emission peak of oxygen comprised 33.88% and 42.50%, respectively. The thermogram of PHY-ZnO NRs sample exhibited the weight loss of biosynthesized nanoparticles registered to be 3 %, emphasizing the purity and heat stability of zinc oxide nanorods coated with phycocyanin pigment-protein. MTT assay indicated that PHY-ZnO NRs had a less cytotoxicity on fibroblast L929 compared to the ZnONRs-treated cells. A remarkable increase in ROS level was measured in cells treated with ZnO at final concentrations of 100, 200 and 500 μg/ml (78±7, 99±8 and 116±11, respectively). When it comes to PHY-ZnO NRs, a protective effect for phycocyanin was detected which declined the level of ROS content as confirmed by fluorescent microscopy. The distinctive features of phycocyanin for surface functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles deserve to be deemed as a nano-drug candidate for further researches.
关键词： Cyanobacteria,Green synthesis,MTT assay,Phycocyanin,Zinc oxide nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Thermal and Morphological Studies on Bismaleimide Modified ZnO Nanoparticles
摘要： The bismaleimide (N,N'-bismaleimide-4,4'-diphenylmethane) (BMI) modified siliconized zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared in chloroform. The FT-IR spectroscopy analysis of BMI/ZnO reveals that -NH2 groups of siliconized ZnO reacts with the maleimide double bond of bismaleimide molecules through a nucleophilic (Michael) addition reaction. The thermal (TG) and morphological properties of bismaleimide modified zinc oxide nanoparticles (BMI/ZnO), were investigated. The particle size and morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles and siliconized zinc oxide nanoparticles were determined by XRD. The SEM images indicate that the diameter of the zinc oxide nanoparticles is in the range of 25-40 nm with a strong aggregation process. It is observed that aggregates of bismaleimide modified siliconized zinc oxide nanocomposites of different size and shape are heterogeneously distributed in the elastomeric surface due to the low shear stress and processing time, which do not make an exfoliated material.
关键词： Bismaleimide modified zinc oxide nanoparticles,FT-IR,TG,SEM,XRD
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Effect of polyethylene glycol and propyltrimethoxysilane on structural and optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel process
摘要： Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are prepared by sol–gel process, using both polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as surfactant and propyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) as capping agent. Surface modi?cation is performed in situ procedure. The physical parameters such as strain and stress values are calculated via the Williamson–Hall plot (W&H) assuming a uniform deformation model (UDM) and uniform stress deformation model, and by the size and strain plot method (SSP). The results show that the crystallite size estimated from Scherrer’s formula, (W&H), (UDM), (SSP) and the particle size estimated from DSL are inter-correlated, which con?rm the small size and the isotropic nature of our ZnO NPs. The FTIR spectroscopy illustrates that PEG-400 and PTMS could be adsorbed at the ZnO NPs surface. The distinct emission peak in the blue band is located at 490 nm and E2 (high) mode is situated at 436 cm-1. Both results con?rm the oxygen de?ciency in the ZnO NPs.
关键词： Propyltrimethoxysilane,Sol–gel synthesis,Zinc oxide,Nanoparticles,PEG-400,DRX
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Sonochemical syntheses of iron doped zinc oxide nanoparticles at different sonication powers and temperatures with their application for photocatalytic degradation of PVC-ZnO composite film
摘要： Doping with iron enhances various properties of zinc oxide making it suitable for several applications. Sonochemical route is an easy way for synthesis of doped ZnO nanoparticles. Input-powers of ultrasound and synthesis–temperature have significant influences over the characteristics of iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. Effects of the varying sonication powers and synthesis temperatures on the average grain size, band gap and magnetic properties of doped ZnO were studied using UV-vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron micrography (FESEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and SQUID-magnetometer. Both temperature and sonication power influenced the characteristics. The nanoparticles were then used for casting composite films with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and photodegradation of the film was examined under sunlight. Performances of nanoparticles synthesised at different conditions were compared. Maximum degradation of about 12% was obtained within three hours with nanoparticles synthesised at 42 W power and 30°C temperature.
关键词： sonication-power,temperature,Fe-doped zinc oxide,nanoparticles,photocatalyst,degradation,ultrasound,PVC-nanocomposite,bandgap,magnetization,characterisation
更新于2025-09-05 23:13:11
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Multifunctional Flax Fibres Based on the Combined Effect of Silver and Zinc Oxide (Ag/ZnO) Nanostructures
摘要： Cellulosic fibre-based smart materials exhibiting multiple capabilities are getting tremendous attention due to their wide application areas. In this work, multifunctional flax fabrics with piezoresistive response were developed through the combined functionalization with silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). Biodegradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to produce AgNPs, whereas ZnONPs were synthetized via a simple and low-cost method. Flax fabrics with and without NPs were characterized by Ground State Diffuse Reflectance (GSDR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). After creating a conductive surface by flax functionalization with AgNPs, ZnONPs were synthetized onto these fabrics. The developed fibrous systems exhibited piezoresistive response and the sensor sensitivity increased with the use of higher ZnO precursor concentrations (0.4 M). Functionalized fabrics exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, higher hydrophobicity (WCA changed from 00 to >1000), UV radiation resistance, and wash durability. Overall, this work provides new insights regarding the bifunctionalization of flax fabrics with Ag/ZnO nanostructures and brings new findings about the combined effect of both NPs for the development of piezoresistive textile sensors with multifunctional properties.
关键词： piezoresistive response,smart and multifunctional materials,cellulosic fibres,silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles,antibacterial effect,hydrophobicity
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Preparation of ZnO Nanoparticles Under Ultrasonic Irradiation and Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO Nanoparticles Multilayer Films
摘要： Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the reaction of an aqueous-alcoholic solution containing zinc nitrate hexahydrate and sodium hydroxide under ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature. The crystallinity, morphology and optical property of ZnO nanoparticles were examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and UV-visible spectrophotometer. Zinc oxide nanoparticles multilayer films were prepared dipping glass slide, which had been cleaned with a piranha solution, into a ZnO solution by ultrasonic irradiation. The ZnO nanoparticles multilayer films were evaluated as a photocatalyst in the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes, such as methylene blue, methyl orange and rhodamine B, under ultraviolet light at 254 nm.
关键词： Multilayer films,Photocatalytic activity,Zinc oxide nanoparticles,Organic dyes,UV-visible spectrophotometer
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14