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A hybrid nanomaterial with NIR-induced heat and associated hydroxyl radical generation for synergistic tumor therapy
摘要： Although photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are widely commended for tumor treatment recently, they still suffer severe challenges due to the non-specificity of photothermal agents (PTAs)/photosensitizers (PSs) and hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Here, an oxygen independent biomimetic nanoplatform based on carbon sphere dotted with cerium oxide and coated by cell membrane (MCSCe) was designed and synthesized with good biocompatibility, homologous targeting ability, and improved photophysical activity. Notably, MCSCe could realize accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor cells and hyperthermia under single laser (808 nm) irradiation, which were simultaneously utilized by itself to produce more toxic hydroxyl radical (·OH). Resultantly, the synergistic therapeutic effect against tumor cells was obtained under near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation.
关键词： cerium oxide,H2O2 self-accumulation,cell membrane,tumor therapy,carbon sphere
更新于2025-11-21 11:01:37
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Preparation of high-purity α-Si3N4 nano-powder by precursor-carbothermal reduction and nitridation
摘要： This work investigated the role of natural organic matter (NOM) in the environmental processes of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and the uptake and accumulation of AgNP in wheat. Different NOMs (Suwannee River humic acids [SRHA], fulvic acid [FA]) and Ag elements (Ag(0) and Ag+) were incubated in a hydroponic media for 15 days. The results showed that the NOM (10 mg C L-1) altered the dissolution, stabilization, uptake and accumulation of AgNP. The dissolution of AgNP declined in the presence of NOM. Compared with FA, the dissolved Ag+ decreased much more from 0.30 mg L-1 to 0.10 mg L-1 in the presence of SRHA. The fluorescence quenching results indicated that SRHA exhibited stronger binding to Ag+ than that of FA, and the quenching constants Ksv were 0.1309 (SRHA) and 0.0074 (FA), respectively. CeO, CeH, CeOeC, and MeeOH were involved in the interaction between NOM and AgNP. The NOM decreased the accumulated content of Ag in wheat. Hence, NOM alleviated the inhibition of AgNP to wheat growth. SRHA reduced the Ag content of wheat roots approximately 3-fold. These results clearly indicated the importance of NOM on altering the behavior, fate and toxicity of AgNP in an environment.
关键词： Wheat,Nanoparticle fate,Accumulation,Natural organic matter,Silver nanoparticle
更新于2025-11-19 16:46:39
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Puzzling robust 2D metallic conductivity in undoped β-Ga2O3 thin films
摘要： Here, we report the analogy of an extremely stable topological-like ultra-wide bandgap insulator, a solid that is a pure insulator in its bulk but has a metallic conductive surface, presenting a two-dimensional conductive channel at its surface that challenges our current thinking about semiconductor conductivity engineering. Nominally undoped epitaxial b-Ga2O3 thin films without any detectable defect (after a range of state-of-the-art techniques) showed the unexpectedly low resistivity of 3 × 10^-2 Ωcm which was found to be also resistant to high dose proton irradiation (2 MeV, 5 × 10^15 cm^-2 dose) and was largely invariant (metallic) over the phenomenal temperature range of 2 K up to 850 K. The unique resilience and stability of the electrical properties under thermal and highly ionizing radiation stressing, combined with the extended transparency range (thanks to the ultra-wide bandgap) and the already known toughness under high electrical field could open up new perspectives for use as expanded spectral range transparent electrodes (e.g., for UV harvesting solar cells or UV LEDs/lasers) and robust Ohmic contacts for use in extreme environments/applications and for novel optoelectronic and power device concepts.
关键词： Electron accumulation,Wide bandgap insulator,Transport properties,Ga2O3
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Electric-field control of spin accumulation direction for spin-orbit torques
摘要： Electric field is an energy-efficient tool that can be leveraged to control spin–orbit torques (SOTs). Although the amount of current-induced spin accumulation in a heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnet (FM) heterostructure can be regulated to a certain degree using an electric field in various materials, the control of its direction has remained elusive so far. Here, we report that both the direction and amount of current-induced spin accumulation at the HM/FM interface can be dynamically controlled using an electric field in an oxide capped SOT device. The applied electric field transports oxygen ions and modulates the HM/FM interfacial chemistry resulting in an interplay between the spin Hall and the interfacial torques which in turn facilitates a non-volatile and reversible control over the direction and magnitude of SOTs. Our electric-field controlled spin-orbitronics device can be programmed to behave either like the SOT systems with a positive spin Hall angle or a negative spin Hall angle.
关键词： spin-orbit torques,heavy metal/ferromagnet heterostructure,spin accumulation,non-volatile control,electric field control
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Spontaneous Charge Generation in Flowing Albumin Solutions at 35 °C and 38 °C
摘要： The time dependence of a charge accumulation in a 10?15 M albumin solution, flowing through a measuring cell of an analytical flow system injector, had a nonlinear character under certain conditions, within a human physiological temperature range. Sharp charge increases depended on albumin concentration. This effect must be taken into consideration when generating models that describe electrokinetic phenomena in flowing protein solutions and when developing analytical flow systems for the registration of biomolecules in low concentration ranges.
关键词： flowing protein solution,charge accumulation,analytical flow-through systems,physiological temperature,serum albumin
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Quantification and analysis of geomorphic processes on a recultivated iron ore mine on the Italian island of Elba using long-term ground-based lidar and photogrammetric SfM data by a UAV
摘要： This study focuses on the quanti?cation and analysis of geomorphic processes on the barely vegetated slopes of a recultivated iron ore mine on the Italian island of Elba using photographs from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and digital photogrammetry by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) over a period of 5 1/2 years. Beside this, the study tried to work out the potential and the limitations of both methods to detect surface changes by geomorphic process dynamics within a natural environment. Both UAV and TLS show the pattern of the erosion and accumulation processes on the investigated slope quite well, but the calculated amounts differ clearly between the methods. The reasons for these differences could be found in the different accuracies (variable level of detections) of the methods and the different viewing geometries. Both effects have an impact on the detectable process dynamics over different timescales on the slope and their calculated amounts, which in both cases can lead to an underestimation of erosion and accumulation by ?uvial processes.
关键词： terrestrial laser scanning,erosion,geomorphic processes,UAV,recultivated iron ore mine,accumulation,digital photogrammetry
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Photoregeneration of Biomimetic Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Analogues via a Dye-Sensitized Approach
摘要： Two-step photochemical reduction of an acridinium-based cation 2O+ to the corresponding anion 2O? was investigated using a dye-sensitized approach involving 2O+?COOH attached to the surface of a wide-bandgap semiconductor, p-NiO. The cation 2O+ and corresponding one-electron reduced radical form, 2O? were synthesized and characterized using steady-state UV/vis and electron paramagnectic resonance spectroscopy. The thermodynamics for the photoinduced hole injection from 2O+ and 2O? were evaluated and found to be favorable. Subsequent femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy was utilized to evaluate the photoinduced hole injection into NiO, starting from 2O+?COOH/NiO and 2O??COOH/NiO samples. The excitation of 2O+?COOH at 620 nm initiated fast (2.8 ps) hole injection into NiO. However, 90% of the charge-separated population recombined within ～40 ps, while ～10% of the charge-separated population exhibited lifetimes longer than the time scale of our instrument (1.6 ns). In the case of 2O??COOH/NiO, the light absorption occurs predominantly by NiO (2O??COOH absorbs at 310 nm) and is associated with the electron transfer from the conduction band of NiO to the radical. The charge-separated state in this case appears to be long-lived, based on the slow (ns) growth of the trapped carriers formed on the NiO surface. The results of this work indicate that the photochemical reduction of 2O+ to the corresponding hydride form (2OH) can be achieved, opening the possibility of using such a dye-sensitized approach for regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide analogues in enzymatic and chemical catalysis.
关键词： multiple charge accumulation,stable radical,NADH,photochemistry,NiO,dye sensitization
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Experimental study on direct fabrication of micro channel on fused silica by picosecond laser
摘要： Ultrafast laser ablation, known for its high precision and the depressed thermal influence during processing, is fevered in micro channel fabrication on the glass bulk. In present work, a micro channel structure fabricated on fused silica bulk by a picosecond pulsed laser is parametrically investigated with different processing environments, scanning velocities, pulse energies, hatch distances and repetitive scans. The best processing parameters are determined through the material remove rate and the bottom surface roughness of the channel. Moreover, the fabrication defect attributed to the heat accumulation effect is analyzed by Raman spectrum. A scanning strategy is put forward to compensate the asymmetry in the cross section of the micro channels.
关键词： Heat accumulation,Surface roughness,Scanning strategy,Micro channel,Picosecond laser
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Optimization of cleaning frequency and dust accumulation effect on photovoltaic panels
摘要： This Paper introduces a relation between Cleaning Intervals (m), Annual Energy Losses loss(m), Annual Cleaning Cost Ccl(m) and the Total Annual Cost Ct(m) in the PV system. Cost cE As the Dust accumulation reduces the solar transmittance of PV modules subsequently the PV modules will be affected negatively so this work is carried out to investigate the optimum cleaning frequency of PV modules cleaning through monitoring the soiling loss, soiling modeling was obtained in detail. Studying the effect of soiling density on angle of incidence (AOI) based on the obtained soiling rate and cleaning PV scenarios was also investigated with same steps. The main goal behind this study was to compare between the Annual Cleaning Cost and the Annual Energy Losses Cost to meet the optimized Cleaning rate with the minimum Energy Losses and Cost.
关键词： Dust Accumulation,Optimum Interval Energy and Cost Curve Fitting,Photovoltaic,Cleaning Frequency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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One-Step Femtosecond Laser Stealth Dicing of Quartz
摘要： We report on a one-step method for cutting 250-μm-thick quartz plates using highly focused ultrashort laser pulses with a duration of 200 fs and a wavelength of 1030 nm. We show that the repetition rate, the scan speed, the pulse overlap and the pulse energy directly influence the cutting process and quality. Therefore, a suitable choice of these parameters was necessary to get single-pass stealth dicing with neat and flat cut edges. The mechanism behind the stealth dicing process was ascribed to tensile stresses generated by the relaxation of the compressive stresses originated in the laser beam focal volume during irradiation in the bulk material. Such stresses produced micro-fractures whose controlled propagation along the laser beam path led to cutting of the samples.
关键词： ultrashort laser pulses,stealth dicing,transparent materials,heat accumulation,quartz
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57