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Determination of curcuminoid content in turmeric using fluorescence spectroscopy
摘要： The potential of fluorescence spectroscopy is exploited for the characterization and comparison of different turmeric varieties based on curcuminoids content in turmeric powders. Fluorescence spectra from turmeric powders has been acquired by using excitation wavelengths from 300 to 470 nm with step of 10 nm to investigate the effect of excitation wavelengths on the emission of valuable ingredients for their characterization. Emission spectra revealed that fresh wet turmeric rhizomes show emission bands at 571 nm which is due to curcumin. It is found that main ingredient of turmeric powder is curcumin and best excitation wavelength is 467 nm for its maximum emission intensity. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used as alternate standard technique for determination of curcuminoid content in the reference samples. The curcumin content in the commercially available local turmeric brands were also evaluated, one brand showed significant covariance from standard fluorescent spectra of turmeric meaning this particular brand contained minimum curcumin content or have been severely adultered. In the next step the powders were heated at different temperatures from 60 ℃ to 150 ℃ (Normal cooking & frying temperatures) to observe the difference in emission spectra particularly keeping in view the molecular composition and curcuminoid content in turmeric. The results indicate that curcumin content gradually decreases above 90 ℃. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been employed on all the data to statistically differentiate small molecular changes and adulteration by covariance calculations.
关键词： Anti-inflammatory.,Turmeric,Fluorescence emission spectroscopy,Anti-oxidant,Curcumin
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Effect of Apraclonidine and Diclofenac on Early Changes in Intraocular Pressure After Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty
摘要： Précis: Adjuvant diclofenac and apraclonidine eye drop given in conjunction with selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) do not significantly impact medium-term intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction compared with placebo, but apraclonidine can be used to blunt immediate postlaser pressure spikes. Purpose: There is limited high-grade evidence guiding the choice of eye drops given before and after SLT. The authors chose to measure IOP during the first 24 hours, at 1 week, 6 weeks, and 6 months after SLT, and compare the effect of apraclonidine before SLT and diclofenac after SLT, with placebo. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension referred for SLT were recruited between 2016 and 2018. Patients were randomized to receive either apraclonidine pre-SLT with placebo post-SLT, placebo pre-SLT with diclofenac post-SLT, or placebo before and after SLT. Results: Sixty eyes from 35 patients were treated with 360-degree SLT. Twenty-four-hour IOP measurements with patient self-monitoring after SLT demonstrated a moderate IOP spike at 1 hour and 2 hours post-SLT in the placebo and diclofenac study arms (mean = +4.05 ± 0.58 mm Hg and +4.47 ± 0.73, respectively, P < 0.001 vs. pre-SLT IOP), which was prevented by apraclonidine (mean = ?2.41 ± 0.88 mm Hg, P < 0.0001 vs. other study arms post-SLT). There were no significant differences between the 3 arms of the study on the long-term IOP reduction achieved by SLT (6 wk: P = 0.51, 6 mo: P = 0.42). Conclusions: Neither the use of apraclonidine before SLT nor diclofenac after SLT significantly influenced the IOP reduction induced by SLT. Except for a slight and transient reduction in intraocular inflammation, there was no beneficial effect of diclofenac on early IOP changes or the degree of patient discomfort relative to placebo.
关键词： open-angle glaucoma,non–steroidal anti-inflammatory,selective laser trabeculoplasty,intraocular pressure,ocular hypertension
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Randomized Prospective Study of the Use of Anti-Inflammatory Drops After Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty
摘要： Purpose: Evaluating the use of Indomethacin, Dexamethasone, and no anti-inflammatory treatment immediately after selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT). Materials and Methods: Prospective randomized clinical trial of 132 eyes. Both eyes of the patient underwent SLT. One of the eyes was treated with Indomethacin 0.1% or Dexamethasone 0.1% 3 times daily for 1 week; the other eye did not receive any anti-inflammatory treatment. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and inflammatory parameters were recorded at 1 hour, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months. Results: Cells in the anterior chamber were present in 57% to 71% of the patients after 1 hour. About 16% to 37% of the patients reported pain/discomfort after 1 hour. Redness was present before SLT in 29% to 34% of the patients, probably due to antiglaucoma medication. After 1 hour, the amount of redness recorded raised to 32% to 42%, but the amount of patients with redness returned to pretreatment levels after 1 week. An IOP peak of >5 mm Hg above baseline IOP 1 hour after laser was present in 3% to 9% of the patients. IOP lowered 11% to 21% compared with IOP at baseline. The number of medications needed changed from 1.45 to 1.49 before, to 0.23 to 0.45 six months after SLT. No differential effects based on the kind of anti-inflammatory treatment or no treatment were found for any of the parameters. Conclusions: SLT induces little inflammation: anti-inflammatory drops do not make a significant difference in pain, redness, cells in anterior chamber, or peak IOP following SLT. The IOP-lowering effect of the SLT is not influenced by the use of Indomethacin or Dexamethasone.
关键词： anti-inflammatory drops,use of steroids,selective laser trabeculoplasty,glaucoma,side effects of SLT
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Imaging of anti-inflammatory effects of HNO <i>via</i> a near-infrared fluorescent probe in cells and in rat gouty arthritis model
摘要： Nitroxyl (HNO) plays a crucial role in anti-inflammatory effects via the inhibition of inflammatory pathways, but the details of the endogenous generation of HNO still remain challenging owing to the complex biosynthetic pathways, in which the interaction between H2S and NO simultaneously generates HNO and polysulfides (H2Sn) in mitochondria. Moreover, nearly all the available fluorescent probes for HNO are utilized for imaging HNO in cells and tissues, instead of the in situ real-time detection of the simultaneous formation of HNO and H2Sn in mitochondria and animals. Here, we have developed a mitochondria-targeting near-infrared fluorescent probe, namely, Mito-JN, to detect the generation of HNO in cells and a rat model. The probe consists of three moieties: Aza-BODIPY as a fluorescent signal transducer, a triphenylphosphonium cation as a mitochondria-targeting agent, and a diphenylphosphinobenzoyl group as an HNO-responsive unit. The response mechanism is based on an aza-ylide intramolecular ester aminolysis reaction with fluorescence emissions on. Mito-JN displays high selectivity and sensitivity for HNO over various other biologically relevant species. Mito-JN was successfully used for the detection of the endogenous generation of HNO, which is derived from the crosstalk between H2S and NO in living cells. The additional generation of H2Sn was also confirmed using our previous probe Cy-Mito. The anti-inflammatory effect of HNO was examined in a cell model of LPS-induced inflammation and a rat model of gouty arthritis. The results imply that our probe is a good candidate for the assessment of the protective effects of HNO in inflammatory processes.
关键词： H2S,fluorescent probe,HNO,polysulfides,gouty arthritis,anti-inflammatory,near-infrared,NO,mitochondria-targeting
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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SALT Trial: Steroids after Laser Trabeculoplasty
摘要： This study examined whether short-term use of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or steroid therapy affected the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT). Design: Double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled, dual-center, multisurgeon trial. Participants: Patients older than 18 years with intraocular pressure (IOP) of more than 18 mmHg for whom the clinician decided SLT was the appropriately indicated therapy were randomized to 1 of 3 groups in a ratio of 1:1:1 as follows: ketorolac 0.5%, prednisolone 1%, or saline tears. Methods: After SLT, patients randomized into each group were instructed to use an unmarked drop 4 times daily starting the day of SLT and continuing for 4 additional days. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used for continuous variables when comparing 2 or 3 treatment groups, respectively. The Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome of this study was IOP at 12 weeks. Secondary outcome measures included IOP at 1 and 6 weeks, patient-reported pain, and detectable anterior chamber inflammation. Results: Ninety-six eyes of 85 patients fit inclusion criteria and were enrolled between the 2 sites. The NSAID, steroid, and placebo groups were similar in baseline demographics and baseline IOP (mean, 23.3±3.9 mmHg; P = 0.57). There was no statistically significant difference in IOP decrease among groups at week 6. Both the NSAID and steroid groups showed a statistically significantly greater decrease in IOP at week 12 compared with the placebo group (mean, -6.2±3.1 mmHg, -5.2±2.7 mmHg, and -3±4.3 mmHg, respectively; P = 0.02 [analysis of variance] and P = 0.002 [t test] for NSAID vs. placebo groups; P = 0.02 for steroid vs. placebo groups). Conclusions: Significantly better IOP reduction at 12 weeks was measured in eyes treated with steroid or NSAID drops after SLT. Short-term postoperative use of NSAID or steroid drops may improve IOP reduction after SLT. Longer-term follow-up studies are indicated.
关键词： steroid,NSAID,SLT,selective laser trabeculoplasty,anti-inflammatory,IOP,intraocular pressure
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Influence of temperature on partial discharge of insulating PET backsheet in photovoltaic module
摘要： Dendrobium aphyllum is an edible plant that is used as a functional food to improve health. We previously examined peptides and polysaccharides extracted from Dendrobium aphyllum; however, we did not investigate D. aphyllum’s alkaloid compounds and their functions. In this study, we detail the composition of alkaloids from Dendrobium aphyllum (DAA), including 2α, 3β-dihydroxy nortropane, 1-methyl-2-[(4Z,7Z)-4,7-tridecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone, and maokonine, which were first identified by UPLC-MS analysis. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of DAA on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages was examined. DAA treatment inhibited LPS-induced NO production and decreased (p <0.05) IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 secretion in the RAW 264.7 macrophages. DAA treatment also inhibited COX-2 and iNOS mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that these compounds can attenuate the synthesis of the above mentioned molecules at the transcriptional level, tentatively confirming their anti-inflammatory effect.
关键词： Dendrobium aphyllum,RAW 264.7,anti-inflammatory,total alkaloids
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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In Vivo Imaging of Microglia Turnover in the Mouse Retina After Ionizing Radiation and Dexamethasone Treatment
摘要： Gamma irradiation and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are established clinical procedures for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. The radiation targets cells in the bone marrow, but injury to other tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS), have been reported. Here, we examine if anti-inflammatory treatment can mitigate the radiation-induced turnover of retinal microglia and the replacement by bone marrow–derived cells (BMDCs). Two-color chimeric mice were generated by lethal irradiation of heterozygous CX3CR1-GFP mice that express GFP in microglial cells and bone marrow transplantation from universal DsRed donor mice. Mice were treated with the corticosteroid dexamethasone; a control group received no dexamethasone treatment. The populations of resident microglia (GFP+) and BMDCs (DsRed+) were quantified by serial in vivo imaging for 10 weeks after irradiation with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope that we custom-built specifically for multicolor imaging of the murine retina. Ionizing radiation resulted in loss of 75% of the resident retinal microglia population after 70 days. Recruitment of BMDCs was delayed with respect to the microglia loss, resulting in a transient depletion of the total immune cell number in the retina. With dexamethasone treatment, both the loss of the resident microglia and the infiltration of BMDCs were suppressed by at least 50%. Anti-inflammatory treatment with the corticosteroidal agent dexamethasone preserves resident microglia and minimizes recruitment of BMDCs after ionizing radiation exposure and BMT.
关键词： radiation damage,bone marrow–derived cells,microglia,anti-inflammatory agents,scanning laser ophthalmoscopy
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46