- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
12.5: A Depletion‐mode Compatible Gate Driver on Array for a‐IGZO TFT‐OLED Displays
摘要： Background and purpose: Studies suggest that smoking affects clopidogrel efficacy. However, whether it influences the association between CYP2C19 genetic variants and clopidogrel efficacy is not clear. Methods: In total, 2961 patients from the CHANCE trial were involved in this substudy and were successfully genotyped for two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP2C19 (*2 and *3). The Cox proportional risk regression model was used to evaluate the interactions between CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 carrier status and clopidogrel efficacy stratified by smoking status. Results: There were marginal significant interactions between CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 allele carrier status and antiplatelet treatment regimen for the risk of recurrent stroke and composite events (P = 0.054, P = 0.051, respectively) amongst smokers, but not in non-smokers. Amongst smokers, clopidogrel plus aspirin decreased the recurrence rate of stroke compared with aspirin alone in non-carriers (3.8% vs. 11.8%, hazard ratio 0.32, 95% confidence interval 0.15–0.65, P = 0.002), but not in carriers. Similar results were also found for the recurrence rate of composite events in smokers. No significant difference was found for hemorrhage events in any group. Conclusions: Amongst patients with minor stroke or transient ischaemic attack, marginal significant interactions between CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 allele carrier status and clopidogrel efficacy were found in smokers but not in non-smokers. Amongst smokers, clopidogrel plus aspirin might decrease the recurrence rate of stroke in non-carriers of *2 and *3 alleles of CYP2C19 compared with aspirin alone. However, caution should be taken to interpret our findings in view of several limitations in our study.
关键词： minor stroke,CYP2C19,smoking,antiplatelet,clopidogrel,TIA
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
-
Monitoring the Antiplatelet Effect of Cilostazol with Light Transmission Aggregometer: Two Cases of Possible Cilostazol Resistance
摘要： Background: Coronary artery disease is an important cause of death in adults and stent insertion is one of the treatment modalities. The most severe adverse effect of a stent insertion is the formation of a thrombus; therefore, antiplatelet agents are used. The addition of cilostazol to low-dose aspirin and clopidogrel results in a better antiplatelet effect. However, laboratory tests to monitor the effect of cilostazol are insufficient. Methods: We tested the inhibitory effect of cilostazol using maximal platelet aggregation in 20 healthy volunteers. Conditions for incubation and concentrations of cilostazol and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) were established and aggregation was induced by 5′-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and measured with light transmission aggregometry (LTA). Blood samples were incubated with 1 μM and 2 μM cilostazol for 10 minutes at room temperature, and 80 nM PGE1 was added and incubated for an additional 10 minutes. Aggregation was induced by ADP and reactivity was evaluated. Results: The average maximum aggregation (MA) was 58.1% at 1 μM cilostazol and 22.0% when PGE1 was added. The average MA was 42.8% when cilostazol concentration was increased to 2 μM and 21.2% when PGE1 was added. Average inhibition of aggregation at 1 μM cilostazol was not statistically significant (P=0.085), but was significant (P=0.004) at 2 μM cilostazol. Aggregation was not inhibited even with 2 μM cilostazol and PGE1 in 2 volunteers, which suggests possible resistance to cilostazol. Conclusions: We designed a method to monitor the effect of cilostazol using in vitro incubation with PGE1.
关键词： Antiplatelet,Light transmission aggregometry,Cilostazol
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46