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[IEEE 2018 6th International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications (PMA) - Hefei, China (2018.11.4-2018.11.8)] 2018 6th International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications (PMA) - Functional-structural plant model for testing the effect of maize architecture on hourly light distribution in strip-intercropping systems
摘要： Intercropping is an important aspect for the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Maize and a shorter legume crop are common species in intercropping systems and competition for light plays a major role on productivity given the large differences in canopy height. Particularly in intercropping systems, the light intensity for the shorter crop fluctuates strongly during the day. For selecting a maize cultivar, the influence of its architecture on this light fluctuation is very important. With the aim to pre-select suitable cultivars for experimentation and to guide breeding programs, modelling approaches are crucial. Here we present and evaluate a functional-structural plant model (FSPM) able to simulate on an hourly resolution the influence of architectural characteristics of maize on light distribution within strip-intercropping systems. This is a first step towards a complex dynamic FSPM intercropping model, suitable for detailed investigations of the effects of plant architecture on light absorption, photosynthesis and finally biomass production.
关键词： architecture,FSPM,Intercropping,maize,light simulation,GroIMP
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Cooling Effect of Tm Co-Doping: Increase the System Efficiency and Prospecting to Reach the 70 K Cooling Temperature
摘要： The Offshore Simulator Centre AS (OSC) is the world's most advanced provider of simulators for demanding offshore operations. However, even though the OSC provides very powerful simulation tools, it is mainly designed for training purposes and it does not inherently offer any flexible methods concerning the control methodology. In fact, each crane model is controlled with a dedicated control algorithm that cannot be modified, accessed, or replaced at runtime. As a result, it is not possible to dynamically switch between different control methods, nor is it possible to easily investigate alternative control approaches. To overcome these problems, a flexible and general control system architecture that allows for modeling flexible control algorithms of maritime cranes and more generally, robotic arms, was previously presented by our research group. However, in the previous work, a generic game engine was used to visualize the different models. In this work, the flexible and general control system architecture is integrated with a crane simulator developed by the OSC taking full advantage of the provided domain-consistent simulation tools. The Google Protocol Buffers protocol is adopted to realize the communication protocol. This integration establishes the base for the research of alternative control algorithms, which can be efficiently tested in a realistic maritime simulation environment. As a validating case study, an alternative control method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is also presented. Related simulations are carried out to validate the efficiency of the proposed integration.
关键词： crane simulator,system integration,Control architecture
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Toward Stable Perovskite Solar Cell Architectures: Robustness Against Temperature Variations of Real-World Conditions
摘要： The use of freely available online data is rapidly increasing, as companies have detected the possibilities and the value of these data in their businesses. In particular, data from social media are seen as interesting as they can, when properly treated, assist in achieving customer insight into business decision making. However, the unstructured and uncertain nature of this kind of big data presents a new kind of challenge: how to evaluate the quality of data and manage the value of data within a big data architecture? This paper contributes to addressing this challenge by introducing a new architectural solution to evaluate and manage the quality of social media data in each processing phase of the big data pipeline. The proposed solution improves business decision making by providing real-time, validated data for the user. The solution is validated with an industrial case example, in which the customer insight is extracted from social media data in order to determine the customer satisfaction regarding the quality of a product.
关键词： Architecture,big data,metadata,quality attribute,quality of data
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Sensors and Nanotechnology (SENSORS & NANO) - Penang, Malaysia (2019.7.24-2019.7.25)] 2019 IEEE International Conference on Sensors and Nanotechnology - Whole-cell detectors of contaminants constructed by immobilization of bioreporters in form of biofilm on special optical fiber elements
摘要： Powering cellular base stations with renewable energy are one of the long-term strategies for achieving green networks and reducing their operational costs. As an energy provider, the power grid is evolving into a smarter one, which allows more energy-ef?cient cellular networks and enables cooperation and interaction with the smart grid. On one hand, cellular networks can use harvested renewable energy and on-site energy storage to reduce their energy costs. On the other hand, the price of electricity depends on the energy load, which will eventually contribute to decreasing the peak consumption and global energy cost. In this paper, we propose new integration architecture for renewable energy-powered cellular networks and the smart grid. The proposed architecture is designed based on the classi?cation and the analysis of the existing proposals and the requirements of the smart grid, renewable energy systems, and cellular networks.
关键词： integration architecture,Cellular networks,smart grid,renewable energy,energy ef?ciency
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP) - Ottawa, ON, Canada (2019.10.7-2019.10.10)] 2019 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP) - Photonics-Based Real-Time 2D (Time-Frequency) Broadband Signal Analysis and Processing
摘要： Wireless standardization activities, such as the Bluetooth V4.x (Bluetooth smart), have led to an explosive growth in innovative short-range wireless devices capable of providing various services to assist everyday life. Allowing machine-to-machine (M2M) communication between these M2M devices also presents new commercial service opportunities. M2M service providers, including telecom carriers, may need to establish new networks to accommodate M2M interactions while identifying new business opportunities. Typically, M2M devices need another capable device, such as a smartphone, to act as a gateway to connect to the Internet to operate at their full potential. We propose a novel scheme in which any Internet-enabled device in the vicinity can act as an M2M gateway for M2M devices. This eliminates the need for the M2M device user to also own a smartphone or an Internet-enabled device to obtain services such as online-to-offline. This scheme faces new challenges, such as how to identify the best M2M gateway for a required service and the QoS. This paper proposes a method to select an M2M gateway from a large number of possibilities in order to increase service availability while also obtaining better signal strength for higher QoS. The methods presented are evaluated in terms of their performance, including energy consumption, and a service deployment guideline is derived using real-world data collected at an exhibition, which gave encouraging results.
关键词： M2M service architecture,energy consumption,Internet of Things,M2M communication,Bluetooth smart device,M2M gateway selection
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A comparative study of organic photodetectors based on P3HT and PTB7 polymers for Visible Light Communication
摘要： Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising candidate to face the bandwidth limitation problems of traditional radio communication system. The use of a light emitting diode (LED), directly modulated, as a transmitter of the wireless telecommunication link permits the installation of VLC-based systems in practically all human-attended settings (home, office, markets). However, a drawback of VLC systems remains the receiver side, due to the lack of photovoltaic devices for this specific application. Organic electronics based on solution processed technologies has the great potential to be applied in VLC systems, building effective, scalable and low-cost photodetectors. We have investigated the effect of the device architecture on optical and electrical device performance, using both P3HT:PCBM and PTB7:PC70BM bulk-heterojunction active layers. We have established that both materials and structures could affect greatly the device properties, and we have provided an analytical representation of the spectral matching between light source and detector. In particular, the most promising device, based on a P3HT:PCBM blend, has demonstrated high performance, especially using an inverted structure. In this configuration, a device cut-off frequency of ~1.0MHz has been achieved, paying the way to organic photodetector application on VLC-based telecommunication systems in 5G scenarios.
关键词： 5G,organic photodetector,visible light communication,inverted architecture,bandwidth
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Stability Improvement and Performance Reproducibility Enhancement of Perovskite Solar Cells Following (FA/MA/Cs) PbI3-xBrx/(CH3)3SPbI3 Dimensionality Engineering
摘要： Mixed halide hybrid perovskites are strong candidates for fabrication of efficient, stable and reproducible perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To restrain intrinsic volatility and ionic migration effects, we report for the first time a dimensionality engineering approach consisting of a (FA/MA/Cs) PbI3-xBrx/(CH3)3SPbI3 (3D/1D) perovskite bilayer architecture, fabricated exclusively with solution processes. XRPD analysis showed no degradation of the 3D/1D composite structure after more than one month of exposure in ambient conditions, in contrast to the reference 3D samples (sole (FA/MA/Cs) PbI3-xBrx) which gradually decomposed to PbI2. The 3D/1D bilayer structure further optimizes the corresponding absorber/hole transporting layer (HTL) interface of the PSCs, since the (FA/MA/Cs) PbI3-xBrx perovskite layer acts as the primary absorber and the (CH3)3SPbI3 top layer plays the role of a barrier against ionic migration/charge carrier recombination. The latter leads to significant stability improvement for non-sealed devices both under ambient conditions and after light stress, underscoring the potential of interface engineering for developing highly efficient and stable PSCs based on functional 3D/1D perovskite bilayers.
关键词： mesoporous architecture,dimensionality engineering,perovskite solar cells,stability and reproducibility,3D/1D absorber
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Lighting in the third dimension: laser scanning as an architectural survey and representation method
摘要： This paper proposes tridimensional (3D) laser scanning to architects and lighting designers as a lighting enquiry and visualization method for existing built environments. The method constitutes a complement to existing lighting methods by responding to limitations of photometric measurements, computer simulation and HDR imagery in surveying and visualizing light in actual buildings. The research explores advantages and limitations of 3D laser scanning in a case study addressing a vast, geometrically complex and fragmented naturally and artificially lit space. Lighting patterns and geometry of the case study are captured with a 3D laser scanner through a series of four scans. A single 3D model of the entire space is produced from the aligned and fused scans. Lighting distribution patterns are showcased in relation to the materiality, lighting fixtures and day geometry and position of windows, walls, lighting sources. The point cloud model of the case study is also generated into a video format representing the entire building as well as different viewpoints. The study shows that the proposed method provides powerful visualization results due to the unlimited number of images that can be generated from a point cloud and facilitates understanding of existing lighting conditions in spaces.
关键词： LiDAR,Post occupancy,Site evaluation,Lighting,Architecture,Visualization
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Highly Efficient Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes by Inserting Multiple Poly(methyl methacrylate) as Electron‐Blocking Layers
摘要： This work presents a new device architecture integrating multiple poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) electron-blocking layers (EBL) in quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs). The device utilizes red-emitting CdSe/ZnS QD with a novel structure where multiple PMMA EBLs are sandwiched between a pair of QD layers. A systematic optimization of QD-LED structures has shown that a device including two PMMA and three QD layers performs the best, achieving a current efficiency of 17.8 cd A?1 and a luminance of 194 038 cd m?2. Numerical simulation of a simplified model of the proposed QD-LED structure verifies that the structure consisting of two PMMA and three QD layers provides significant improvement in electroluminescent intensity. The simulation provides further insight into the origin of the effect of the PMMA EBL by showing that the addition of PMMA EBL reduces the electron leakage from the active QD region and enhances electron confinement, leading to an increased electron concentration in the QD active layers and a higher radiative recombination rate. The experimental and theoretical studies presented in this work demonstrate that multiple layers of PMMA can act as efficient EBLs in the fabrication of QD-LEDs of improved performance.
关键词： simulation,device architecture,electron-blocking layer,electron leakage,poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA),quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LED)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 5th International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering (ICAEE) - Dhaka, Bangladesh (2019.9.26-2019.9.28)] 2019 5th International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering (ICAEE) - Effect of Thermally Evaporated n-CdTe Thin Film for Homojunction CdTe Solar Cell
摘要： The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming an attractive system paradigm to realize interconnections through the physical, cyber, and social spaces. During the interactions among the ubiquitous things, security issues become noteworthy, and it is significant to establish enhanced solutions for security protection. In this work, we focus on an existing U2IoT architecture (i.e., unit IoT and ubiquitous IoT), to design an aggregated-proof based hierarchical authentication scheme (APHA) for the layered networks. Concretely, 1) the aggregated-proofs are established for multiple targets to achieve backward and forward anonymous data transmission; 2) the directed path descriptors, homomorphism functions, and Chebyshev chaotic maps are jointly applied for mutual authentication; 3) different access authorities are assigned to achieve hierarchical access control. Meanwhile, the BAN logic formal analysis is performed to prove that the proposed APHA has no obvious security defects, and it is potentially available for the U2IoT architecture and other IoT applications.
关键词： security,Internet of Things (IoT),U2IoT architecture,authentication protocol
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59