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[IEEE 2019 7th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE) - Bled, Slovenia (2019.7.3-2019.7.6)] 2019 7th International Youth Conference on Energy (IYCE) - Design and Analysis of a Novel Solar Driven Multigeneration System for Providing Energy Requirement of A Building
摘要： For a novel electric clutch actuator, a nonlinear feedforward–feedback control scheme is proposed to improve the performance of the position tracking control. The design procedure is formalized as a triple-step deduction, and the derived controller consists of three parts: steady-state-like control; feedforward control based on reference dynamics; and state-dependent feedback control. The structure of the proposed nonlinear controller is concise and is also comparable to those widely used in modern automotive control. Finally, the designed controller is evaluated through simulations and experimental tests, which show that the proposed controller satis?ed the control requirement. Comparison with proportional–integral–derivative control is given as well.
关键词： Automotive,position control,clutch actuator,nonlinear control
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[Laser Institute of America ICALEO?? 2015: 34th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing - Atlanta, Georgia, USA (October 18a??22, 2015)] International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics - Preliminary laser welding tests of 22MnB5 steel with a butt joint and lap joint configurations
摘要： In recent years, the automotive industry has expanded the use of hot stamping and press hardening processes. Using ultra-high-strength steels, such as 22MnB5, allows car manufacturers to build lighter, stronger and safer vehicles at a reduced cost and generate lower CO2 emissions. In the research the laser weldability of 22MnB5 steel was tested. The test plates were produced using a constant heating temperature of 900°C and a variable furnace time of between 250 and 600 seconds. The samples were quenched in a water-cooled flat die to ensure a fully martensitic structure and good flatness. The welding tests were made using a 10 kW disk laser equipped with the optics of Precitec. Various welding energies were used to determine the effects of heating and cooling on the mechanical properties of the welds. The weld inspections conformed to ISO standard 13919-1 and automotive testing code SEP 1220-3 (Testing and documentation guideline for the joinability of thin sheet of steel - Part 3: Laser beam welding) where applicable. The radiographic inspection showed some porosity and a lack of penetration on both the face and root side of almost every weld. Despite these serious imperfections, the destructive tests were performed and showed relatively good results. The maximum achieved yield strength was over 1200 MPa, reaching almost the strength of the base material 22MnB5. The maximum value of hardness in the laser welds of 22MnB5 steel was 500 HV; the same as the hardness of the base material. However, a relatively narrow softened zone exists in the HAZ area, which has a hardness value of 200 HV.
关键词： press hardening,ultra-high-strength steels,22MnB5 steel,automotive industry,laser welding
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Design of a Society of Automotive Engineers Regular Curved Retroreflector for Enhancing Optical Efficiency and Working Area
摘要： A highly efficient regular curved retroreflector is proposed to meet the requirements of the US Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) regulations. It is demonstrated that 28% higher retroreflection efficiency and 33% more working area can be accomplished with the new designed retroreflector when compared with the commercial ones used in modern vehicles.
关键词： US Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) regulations,optical design,curved retroreflector
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Sozopol, Bulgaria (2019.9.6-2019.9.8)] 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Computed tomography dataset analysis for stereotaxic neurosurgery navigation
摘要： First-ever 28 nm embedded split-gate MONOS (SG-MONOS) ?ash macros have been developed to increase memory capacity embedded in micro controller units and to improve performance over wide junction temperature range from C to 170 C as demanded strongly in automotive uses. Much attention has been paid to the degradation of the reliability characteristics along with the process shrinkage. Temperature-adjusted word-line overdrive scheme improves random read access frequency by 15% and realizes both of 6.4 GB/s read throughput by 200 MHz no-wait random access of code ?ash macros and more than ten times longer TDDB lifetime of WL drivers. Temperature-adaptive step pulse erase control (TASPEC) improves the TDDB lifetime of dielectric ?lms between metal interconnect layers by three times. TASPEC is particularly useful for a data ?ash macro with one million rewrite cycles. Source-side injection (SSI) program with negative back-bias voltage achieves 63% reduction of program pulse time and, consequently, realizes 2.0 MB/s write throughput of code ?ash macros. A spread spectrum clock generation and a clock phase shift technique are introduced for charge pump clock generation in order to suppress EMI noise due to high write throughput of code ?ash macros, and peak power of EMI noise is reduced by 19 dB.
关键词： high-temperature operation,time dependent dielectric breakdown,Automotive application,high reliability,spread spectrum clock generation,word-line over-drive,split-gate MONOS(SG-MONOS),embedded ?ash memory,Fast random read operation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Automotive 3.0 ?μm Pixel High Dynamic Range Sensor with LED Flicker Mitigation
摘要： We present and discuss parameters of a high dynamic range (HDR) image sensor with LED flicker mitigation (LFM) operating in automotive temperature range. The total SNR (SNR including dark fixed pattern noise), of the sensor is degraded by floating diffusion (FD) dark current (DC) and dark signal non-uniformity (DSNU). We present results of FD DC and DSNU reduction, to provide required SNR versus signal level at temperatures up to 120°C. Additionally we discuss temperature dependencies of quantum efficiency (QE), sensitivity, color effects, and other pixel parameters for backside illuminated image sensors. Comparing +120°C junction vs. room temperature, in visual range we measured a few relative percent increase, while in 940 nm band range we measured 1.46x increase in sensitivity. Measured change of sensitivity for visual bands—such as blue, green, and red colors—reflected some impact to captured image color accuracy that created slight image color tint at high temperature. The tint is, however, hard to detect visually and may be removed by auto white balancing and temperature adjusted color correction matrixes.
关键词： temperature dependence,sensitivity,LED flicker mitigation,quantum efficiency,automotive,CMOS,high dynamic range,image sensor
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Outdoor Performance of PV Technologies in Simulated Automotive Environments
摘要： GaAs, monocrystalline Si, and multicrystalline Si modules were tested in a configuration designed to simulate car-roof-integrated mounting. The increase in module temperature above ambient was similar for the four Si modules, but less (~76%) for the GaAs modules. Local temperatures within each module were strongly dependent on the optical properties of the back sheet. The lower operating temperature combined with smaller temperature coefficient of the GaAs modules resulted in higher performance ratios for the GaAs modules even for ambient temperature < 25°C. The quantification of the relative performance of the modules in a thermal environment relevant to implementation in vehicles provides information for the selection of PV modules for this emerging application.
关键词： monocrystalline Si,GaAs,performance ratios,module temperature,automotive environments,multicrystalline Si,PV technologies
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Sozopol, Bulgaria (2019.9.6-2019.9.8)] 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Development and validation of measurement techniques according to ISO/IEC 17025:2017
摘要： Regenerative braking is one of the most promising and environmentally friendly technologies used in electric and hybrid electric vehicles to improve energy efficiency and vehicle stability. This paper presents a systematic data-driven process for detecting and diagnosing faults in the regenerative braking system of hybrid electric vehicles. The diagnostic process involves signal processing and statistical techniques for feature extraction, data reduction for implementation in memory-constrained electronic control units, and variety of fault classification methodologies to isolate faults in the regenerative braking system. The results demonstrate that highly accurate fault diagnosis is possible with the classification methodologies. The process can be employed for fault analysis in a wide variety of systems, ranging from automobiles to buildings to aerospace systems.
关键词： inference,regenerative braking system,Automotive systems,fault classification,distance measure,multiple fault diagnosis
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Enhancement of the luminous efficiency of a ceramic phosphor plate by post-annealing for high-power LED applications
摘要： Currently, phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes offer low energy consumption, good environmental stability, and a long lifetime. Hence, they are widely utilized in high-power light-emitting diode (LED) applications such as those in the automotive headlamp industries. However, obtaining high luminous efficiency of such diodes is challenging because of their internal structural properties such as micropores. Herein, we developed phosphor-in-glass (PiG) plates by mixing a blue LED chip and yellow phosphor to create high-power white LEDs (w-LEDs). In addition, the influence of post-annealing on the prepared PiG plates at different temperatures (350°C-550 °C) was investigated. Post-annealing, a treatment that facilitates the mobility of the ceramic matrix encapsulating the phosphor powder, decreases an LED's porosity, thereby enhancing its overall luminous efficiency. Results show that PiG plates post-annealed at 450 °C exhibit superior optical performance and effective color properties than PiG plates that were non-annealed or post-annealed at 350 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C. Therefore, post-annealed PiG plates are more suitable potential materials for application in the high-power LED industry.
关键词： Automotive headlamp,PiG plates,Post-annealing,High-power LED,Luminous efficiency
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Engineering, Science, and Industrial Applications (ICESI) - Tokyo, Japan (2019.8.22-2019.8.24)] 2019 International Conference on Engineering, Science, and Industrial Applications (ICESI) - Process Reliable Laser Welding of Hairpin Windings for Automotive Traction Drives
摘要： Driven by current developments the electrification of the automotive drive chain, new technologies for the production of windings for electric drives are focused in automotive industry and research institutes. Especially for the manufacturing of drives with high power density for battery electric vehicles (BEV), the application of distributed windings produced from conductors with rectangular cross-sections gains in importance. To be able to manufacture these windings, hairpin technology is pushed forward at present. The essential feature of this kind of winding is that it consists of pre-formed elements, the so called hairpins, that are assembled to the stator laminations and contacted afterwards to produce the winding. One key process within the production chain for this kind of winding is the contacting operation, because a high number of contacts needs to be realized. However, this production step poses several challenges for which in particular laser welding processes show potentials. Another complication is the fact that no established methods for the quantification of the quality of these joints are available at present. In addition, the suitability of the laser welding process for this application must be proven and error influencing variables must be identified in order to be able to advance the serial application of this process. For that reason in this paper quality criteria from the requirements contacts in electric traction drives have to face are analysed. Based on these, the achievable process capability is evaluated and the welding strategy is optimized.
关键词： laser welding,automotive traction drives,process reliability,quality criteria,hairpin windings
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Towards Synchronous Mode of Multiple Independently Controlled MEMS Mirrors
摘要： Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) will be one of the key enablers of smart mobility. Smart mobility creates a fully connected urban environment with graceful benefits for the city such as quality of life, reduced costs and more efficient energy usage. Modern LiDAR systems that are constructed for the automotive industry are using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) mirrors. In general, these mirrors are operated independently as a single device from a control system called MEMS Driver. In future, a synchronous mode for independent controlled MEMS mirrors will be crucial for novel applications such as synchronously operating a scanning receiver and emitter. In this paper we present a feasibility study about controlling multiple independent MEMS mirrors synchronously. For this purpose we created a novel Master-Slave system architecture model that enables synchronization. This proof-of-concept design of the Master-Slave system architecture were implemented in two FPGAs to evaluate the feasibility of synchronizing multiple independent MEMS mirrors.
关键词： Synchronization,Mirror Synchronization,MEMS Mirror,Automated Driving,Automotive,LiDAR MEMS
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52