- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
A Biomimetic-Computational Approach to Optimizing the Quantum Efficiency of Photovoltaics
摘要： The most advanced low-cost organic photovoltaic cells have a quantum efficiency of ~10%. This is in stark contrast to plant/bacterial light-harvesting systems which offer quantum efficiencies close to unity. Of particular interest is the highly effective quantum coherence-enabled energy transfer. Noting that quantum coherence is promoted by charged residues and local dielectrics, classical atomistic simulations and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) can be used to identify charge/dielectric patterns and electronic coupling at exactly defined energy transfer interfaces incorporating structural information obtained on photosynthetic protein-pigment complexes. To this end, the project focuses on the first protein-pigment-redox carrier complex of the linear electron transport phosphorylation chain termed photosystem II [PSII]. PSII contains more than 10 major polypeptides in addition to hundreds of pigment molecules amounting to a molecular mass in excess of 1 Mio Dalton. Owing to the complexity and fragility of PSII, this project bases the overall architecture of PSII on in situ EM data providing structural clues about the entire, unperturbed PSII complex. Albeit not to high resolution when compared to X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, the EM tomographic results and projection maps provide an accurate delineation of the native complex suitable for fitting high-resolution X-ray data of PSII subcomplexes towards an atomistic model of the entire PSII complex. This must also include the light-harvesting antennae, i.e. the light-harvesting chlorophyll (Chl) a/b protein complex [LHCII]. With respect to LHCII one should take into account positioning LHCII next to PSII as well as in a separate, complementary membrane thus permitting to test for both, horizontal (intramembrane) and vertical (intermembrane) energy transfer, respectively. The presence of LHCII in a membrane different from PSII is supported by strong biochemical evidence and tomographic data, and it has also been noted that the organization of LHCII may change in response to environmental conditions.
关键词： photosystem II,biomimetic,computational approach,quantum efficiency,light-harvesting chlorophyll,photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
The Relationship between the Model of the Laser Biomimetic Strengthening of Gray Cast Iron and Matching between Different Brake Pads
摘要： When the surface of gray cast iron is subjected to laser irradiation and melted and then re-solidified, a material can be obtained that has a superior structure and properties to the base metal. On the surface of gray iron brake drums, the surface of the raw material can be processed into a bionic coupling surface with different shapes, structures, and soft and hard tissues similar to the surface of an organism. The wear resistance and fatigue resistance of brake drum surfaces can be greatly improved. However, the relative wear characteristics of the friction pairs in brake systems show that performance improvements in brake systems are the result of appropriately matching the brake drum and brake pad. This paper studies the wear relationship between three kinds of commonly-used brake pads (semi-metallic, organic asbestos-free, and ceramic) and different biomimetic models of brake drum samples. The interaction mechanism and failure mode between three kinds of brake pads and bionic samples were determined. According to the wear test results, the matching relationship between the brake pads and the brake drum was analyzed and determined, which provides a basis for the application of bionic brake drums.
关键词： biomimetic model,brake pads,laser melting,surface wear
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Biomimetic design and laser additive manufacturinga??A perfect symbiosis?
摘要： Biomimetics as well as additive manufacturing have prominently produced novel design approaches for parts and products independently from each other. The combination of both has resulted in numerous innovative part designs that were unseen before. However remarkable the marketing impact of individual 3D printed biomimetic parts has been, a widespread industrial application is missing to date. This publication, therefore, takes a closer look at how biomimetic design in additive manufacturing is currently pursued and evaluates the different design approaches based on their suitability for industrial application. The assessment reveals that algorithms and thesaurus tools should be preferred in an industrial biomimetic design process. From the various additive manufacturing methods, laser additive manufacturing today is a dominating industrial application when it comes to metal parts. Thus, several case studies of biomimetic designs produced with laser additive manufacturing are presented. On the basis of the selected examples, the added value through biomimetic design is discussed and reviewed critically, raising the question of when a biomimetic design approach is promising compared to conventional design approaches. Based on the review of current use cases and the potentials that the combination of biomimetics and additive manufacturing offer, recommended fields of research are concluded. Finally, the road to industry for biomimetic additive manufacturing design is outlined, taking into account the findings on existing biomimetic design methodologies and tools.
关键词： laser additive manufacturing,biomimetic design,3D printing
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Hierarchical biomimetic BiVO4 for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater in visible-light photocatalytic ozonation
摘要： Photocatalytic ozonation is an attractive advanced oxidation process for wastewater treatment, but highly active catalysts with strong response to visible light are urgently needed to push forward its practical application. In this study, a hierarchical biomimetic monoclinic bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) with leaves morphology was synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and employed as catalyst for oxalic acid and penicillin degradation in photocatalytic ozonation. The results show that the organics degradation was more efficient using leaves shaped BiVO4 as catalyst than the bulk shaped one in photocatalytic ozonation and the synergy index is ranged from 2.8 to 3.3, indicating a superior positive synergistic effect between photocatalysis and ozonation. The higher activity of the leaves shaped BiVO4 was probably attributed to the distinctive biomimetic morphology and preferable band structure with more negative CB potential. Mechanism studies suggested that the main reactive species were h+ and ?OH for the degradation of persistent oxalic acid in photocatalytic ozonation. In addition, the effect of ozone concentration and inorganic ions and reusability of the material were also intensively investigated.
关键词： BiVO4,biomimetic morphology,photocatalytic ozonation,synergies,photogenerated hole
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
-
An autodriven, solar fuel collection for a highly compact, biomimetic-modified artificial leaf without membrane
摘要： Hydrogen fuel generation from water splitting has recently attracted much attention due to its high potential as a clean, renewable energy source. To obtain pure H2 fuel, it is inevitably required to separate the H2/O2 product gas mixture, mainly relying on a membrane system at the current stage. However, this process has inherent durability and cost issues due to contamination, corrosion and its complex configuration. In our current work, we invented a highly compact gas separation and collection method in a water electrolysis system, which is set onto a biomimetically modified electrode without the use of a membrane or external convective flow. A key idea of this smart, compact and self-driven system is gas bubble manipulation by buoyant force and a slippery liquid infused porous surface (SLIPS). With the critical help of the biomimetic SLIPS wall by blocking bubble leakage, H2 and O2 product gases can be separately collected at the corresponding collection port. As a result, we achieved a remarkably improved H2 collection value of over 90 % with high purity using this membrane-free electrolysis system in which the product gases are separated only by their intrinsic buoyancy. This simple but effective gas separation/collection system is also applied to a highly compact, monolithic artificial leaf, in which the solar water splitting is practicably and conveniently conducted in a compact, floatable design.
关键词： artificial leaf,gas separation,underwater bubble manipulation,water splitting,biomimetic surface
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
-
Erythrocyte membrane nano-capsules: biomimetic delivery and controlled release of photothermala??photochemical coupling agents for cancer cell therapy
摘要： Photothermal therapy (PTT), which involves an increase in temperature triggered only by light signals at tumor sites to remove cancer cells, has been considered an attractive strategy in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the in vivo applications of photosensitizer-based PTT are limited due to the poor biocompatibility of photothermal agents. Employing red blood cell (RBC) membranes to encapsulate photothermal agents can solve this issue, but the extra surface coating will suppress heat dissipation, which is unfavorable for the subsequent treatment. Herein, biomimetic nano-capsules have been fabricated for light signal-activated cancer therapy by encapsulating photocatalyst titanium dioxide colloid and photothermal agent gold nanorods (Au NRs) in erythrocyte membrane vesicles. The fabricated Au/TiO2@RBC nano-capsules can achieve the controlled release of Au NRs upon the photocatalytic degradation of their surface cell membrane coatings, and generate therapeutic signals after the released Au NRs are irradiated by an NIR laser. Meanwhile, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by photocatalysis are helpful for killing tumor cells photodynamically. Thus, the biomimetic nano-capsules prepared herein will contribute to the research and development in cancer cell therapy.
关键词： cancer therapy,titanium dioxide,red blood cell membranes,biomimetic nano-capsules,gold nanorods,Photothermal therapy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
-
Monolayer porphyrin assembled SPSf/PES membrane reactor for degradation of dyes under visible light irradiation coupling with continuous filtrationa?°
摘要： Porphyrin-based catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbon bonds is considered to be the most representative biomimetic catalysis. To mimic the biomimetic catalytic oxidation of nature under illumination of visible light, a monolayer of meso-tetrakis (1-methylpyridinium-4-yl) porphyrin immobilized sulfonated polysulfone/ polyethersulfone blend membrane (TMPyP@SPSf/PES) was prepared via a facile electrostatic assembly method. The visible light response region of TMPyP was expanded after it was immobilized on the SPSf/PES membrane surface, which resulted in the increase of the photocatalytic performance, and the Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation was increased from 30.0% to 93.4%. A photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR) equipped with TMPyP@SPSf/PES membrane was employed for RhB treatment under continuous flow filtration coupling with photocatalysis, and the optimized degradation was up to 98.3%. Moreover, the TMPyP@SPSf/PES membrane can be reused for photocatalytic degradation of RhB after regeneration in TMPyP solution. More importantly, the TMPyP@SPSf/PES membrane can also efficiently degrade other cationic and anionic dyes (such as degradation of methylene blue 99.1%, acid fuchsin 96.8%). Finally, the oxidation mechanism and degradation pathway of RhB were further investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR), ultra-performance liquid chromatography and high-definition mass spectrometry (UPLC–HDMS) and gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC–MS). It was revealed that the photogenerated hole (h+), superoxide radical (?O2?), and singlet oxygen (1O2) controlled the oxidation process. The degradation of RhB includes N-de-ethylate, wrecked of chromophore structures and opening-ring of benzene.
关键词： Photocatalytic membrane reactor,Biomimetic catalysis,Dye wastewater,TMPyP@SPSf/PES membrane,Electrostatic assembly
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
-
Performance analysis of laser-induced biomimetic ceramic tools in interrupted cutting
摘要： Theoretical and experimental researches were conducted to analyze the performance of laser-induced biomimetic ceramic tools in interrupted cutting. The formation of biomimetic microscopic structure and its effects on the tool load and the mechanical behaviors were integrated in tool performance analysis. This work investigated the influences of the laser pulse angle and number on the ablation of the ceramic. A two-dimensional microstructure model was utilized when investigating the influences. The distribution variation of the heat source intensity was considered in the analysis of the influences. Fractal theory, damage mechanics and fracture mechanics were employed to analyze the mechanical behaviors for the biomimetic ceramic. These mechanical behaviors included the fractal dimension corresponding to the microcrack caused by laser, the initial integrated damage and the fracture toughness. A performance indicator was established for the biomimetic ceramic tool considering the tool load and the mechanical behaviors. It was found that the maximum depth caused by the laser pulses can be used to mirror the mechanical behaviors. The fractal dimension had a potential for the effective evaluation of the initial integrated damage and the fracture toughness. When the laser angle was 60° and the number of scans was 3, the biomimetic ceramic tool exhibited the best performance. The balance among the tool load, the initial integrated damage and the fracture toughness should be achieved to obtain the best tool performance.
关键词： Ceramic ablation,Mechanical behavior,Cutting performance,Biomimetic ceramic tool
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
-
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Waveguide Sensor Detecting Fluid Flow Velocity by Mimicking the Fish Lateral Line Organ
摘要： Accurate measurement of fluid flow velocities is challenging but essential in many disciplines. Inspiration of possible measurement methods can come from nature, for example from the lateral line organ of fish, which is comprised of hair cells embedded in a gelatinous cupula. When the cupula is deflected by water movement, the hair cells initiate neural signals that generate an accurate image of the fish’s surroundings. We built a flow sensor mimicking a hair cell, yet coupled it with an optical detection method. Fluid flow bends the waveguide; this leads to a measurable light loss that depends linearly on the waveguide deflection.
关键词： optical detection principle,PDMS waveguide,biomimetic flow sensor
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
3D Diatom–Designed and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Manufactured Metallic Structures
摘要： Diatom frustules, with their diverse three-dimensional regular silica structures and nano- to micrometer dimensions, represent perfect model systems for biomimetic fabrication of materials and devices. The structure of a frustule of the diatom Didymosphenia geminata was nondestructively visualized using nano X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and transferred into a CAD file for the first time. Subsequently, this CAD file was used as the input for an engineered object, which was manufactured by applying an additive manufacturing technique (3D Selective Laser Melting, SLM) and using titanium powder. The self-similarity of the natural and the engineered objects was verified using nano and micro XCT. The biomimetic approach described in this paper is a proof-of-concept for future developments in the scaling-up of manufacturing based on special properties of microorganisms.
关键词： Selective Laser Melting,3D printing,diatom frustules,nano-XCT,biomimetic
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22