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Large diameter fiber-optics tweezers for Escherichia coli bacteria manipulation
摘要： Large diameter ?ber-optics tweezers are proposed in this paper, and their ability to trap and deliver Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria was characterized. The tweezers were formed by tapering four-mode ?ber (FMF) with 8.7 μm diameter, allowing the resonance ?eld of the extended high-order modes to be used for manipulating the micro-objects. The diameter of the FMF taper was much larger than that of reported ?ber-optic devices with nanoscale diameter, thereby making the device work as sturdier tweezers. The key factor for success is that, along the light transmission axis, the higher order modes have a unique mode ?eld that extends longer and with a larger range around the ?ber waist than the fundamental mode. At wavelengths ranging from 1500 to 1600 nm, especially close to 1560 nm, trapping and delivering of E. coli along the ?ber was observed. In addition, a further demonstration for operation time shows a larger tapered ?ber diameter was able to extend the service life of tweezers. The higher order micro-?ber modes offer a new opportunity for optical manipulation at the single-cell level.
关键词： Biophotonics,?ber-optics tweezers,optical ?bers
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Silicon nitride photonic integration for visible light applications
摘要： In this article, we provide a review of fabrication platforms and state of the art developments in the area of silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits (PICs) for the visible wavelength range, mostly employed in biomedical and chemical sensing applications. Additionally, we introduce PIX4life, the European pilot line for silicon nitride PICs for visible applications. PIX4life provides a unified framework for the development of such PICs, including design and software, fabrication, characterization and packaging.
关键词： Visible light,Silicon nitride,Photonics,Biophotonics,Microscopy,Sensing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Linear and nonlinear optical effects in biophotonic structures using classical and nonclassical light
摘要： In this perspective article, we review the optical study of different biophotonic geometries and biological structures using classical and nonlinear regime, especially highlighting the link between these morphologies and modern biomedical research. Additionally, the importance of nonlinear optical study in biological research, beyond traditional cell imaging is also highlighted and described. Finally, we present a short introduction regarding nonclassical light and describe the new future perspective of quantum optical study in biology, revealing the link between quantum realm and biological research.
关键词： linear and nonlinear spectroscopy,nonclassical light,squeezed light,optics,ghost imaging,biophotonics,fluorescence spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Evaluation of fluorescence biomodulation in the real-life management of chronic wounds: the EUREKA trial
摘要： Objective: Fluorescence biomodulation (FB), a form of photobiomodulation (PBM) that is also known as low energy level light (LELL), has become an increasingly used clinical tool to induce wound healing in wounds that remain recalcitrant to treatment. In a real-life clinical setting, the aim of the EUREKA (EvalUation of Real-lifE use of Klox biophotonic system in chronic wound mAnagement) study was to confirm the efficacy and safety of LumiHeal, a system based on FB, in the treatment of chronic wounds such as venous leg ulcers (VLUs), diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and pressure ulcers (PUs). The effects of this FB system on the modulation of wound healing in chronic ulcers through FB induction were previously examined in an interim analysis of this study. Method: A multicenter, prospective, observational, uncontrolled trial in 12 clinical sites in Italy. The wound was cleansed with saline and a 2mm thick layer of a chromophore gel was applied to the affected area in a biweekly regimen. The area was then illuminated with the LED activator for five minutes at a distance of 5cm. Treatment was used in combination with standard of care specific to each type of chronic wound (VLU, DFU, PU). Wound area evaluation was assessed using the Silhouette Imaging System and quality of life (QoL) with the Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule (CWIS). A seven-point evaluation of the clinicans’ view was also examined. Results: We enrolled 100 subjects, with the final analysis including 99 patients/ulcers consisting of 52 VLUs, 32 DFUs and 15 PUs. Total wound closure at the end of the study was achieved in 47 patients by aetiology: 26 VLUs (50% of VLUs); 16 DFUs (50% of DFUs); and five PUs (33.3% of PUs). The mean wound area regression at last study assessment was significant for VLUs (41.0%; p<0.001) and DFUs (52.4%; p<0.001). After four weeks of treatment, it was possible to significantly predict if the ulcer would respond (defined as a decrease of wound size) to the study treatment. Adherence was high (95.2%) and no related serious adverse events were reported during the study. QoL significantly improved, with an increase of 15.4% of the total score, using the CWIS (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study confirmed a positive efficacy profile of the FB system in inducing the wound healing process in three different types of hard-to-heal chronic wounds. The treatment was shown to be safe and well tolerated by the patients, with a significant improvement in patient QoL. This approach offers an effective modality for the treatment of hard-to-heal chronic ulcers.
关键词： pressure ulcers,phototherapy,photobiomodulation,diabetic foot ulcers,biophotonics,fluorescence biomodulation,venous leg ulcers
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Management of otitis externa with an led-illuminated gel: a randomized controlled clinical trial in dogs
摘要： Background: Canine otitis externa is a painful condition which can be challenging to treat due to difficulties in the administration of otic medication. This can be due to lack of owner compliance in the application of ear drops or due to the resentment that some dogs demonstrate when attempts are made to administer topical medication into a sensitive ear canal. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of a topical LED-illuminated gel (LIG) in canine otitis externa in comparison to standard of care therapy. Dogs with spontaneous otitis externa were randomly allocated in three groups: groups QW received LIG once weekly; BW received LIG twice weekly; group C received enrofloxacin and silver sulfadiazine twice daily. LIG consists of a topical application of a gel containing chromophores that, when illuminated by a LED lamp, re-emit fluorescent light which can stimulate physiological responses, promoting healing and controlling bacteria. The evaluation protocol (T0 to T5) considered clinical assessment (OTIS-3-index-scoring-system; pruritus-severity-scale; pain-severity-score; aural temperature), cytological scoring system, quali-quantitative bacteriologic assessment. Results: All groups (QW, n = 21; BW, n = 23; C, n = 20) showed improvement during the study (QW: P < 0.02 for cytological and pain scores, P < 0.003 for bacteriologic assessment, P < 10? 4 for pruritus, total OTIS-3 and temperature assessments; BW: P < 10? 4 for all clinical, cytological and bacteriologic assessments; C: P < 0.02 for all clinical and cytological assessments, P < 10? 4 for bacteriologic assessment). The highest clinical score reduction occurred in Group BW (P < 0.014 in T3; P < 0.001 in T4 and P < 10? 4 in T5). BW reached the clinically relevant effect level at T3 (? 3.26 ± 1.21 levels), QW reached it at T4 (? 3.24 ± 0.99), C did not reach it. No differences between groups were seen in the reduction of CFU/mL (T0-T5). Conclusions: All treatment groups showed a positive clinical effect. LIG administered twice-a-week was the most favourable protocol of the study. LIG may be considered beneficial in the management of canine otitis externa; it seems to be effective in controlling the clinical condition, including the signs of inflammation and local pain, the bacterial growth, and it may help increasing treatment compliance.
关键词： Fluorescence biomodulation,Photobiomodulation,Biophotonics,Inflammation,Dog,Phototherapy,Topical administration,Light,Otitis externa,Otitis
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Photobiomodulation by low-level laser therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
摘要： Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases morbidity and mortality and it is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The gold standard treatment for OSA is positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP). However, it is an expensive treatment and several patients do not adapt to CPAP. Goal: The researchers will verify the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on OSA, when applied to the soft palate and on the tongue base. Methods: The researchers will select individuals of both sexes aged 30 to 60 years old who are sedentary and that present a high risk of OSA by the Berlin questionnaire. The evaluations pre and post interventions will be polysomnography; anthropometric and body composition measurements (Bioimpedance); metabolic syndrome risk factors (International Diabetes Federation); physical capacity (VO2 peak at the cardiopulmonary exercise test, CPET); endothelial function (?ow-mediated dilatation, FMD); autonomic control (heart rate variability and sympathovagal balance). Those diagnosed with moderate and severe OSA (apnea/hypopnea index, AHI ≥15 events/h) will be invited to participate in the study and they will be randomized into 2 groups: LLLT treatment or placebo (C). The LLLT group will receive applications at 8 points on the soft palate and on the base of the tongue for 8 seconds for each point. The applications of LLLT will occur twice a week, with a minimum interval of 2 days between the applications for 2 months, when using a Therapy Plus NS 13678 Laser. The C group will have similar applications, but with the device turned off. Expected Results: In the individuals with OSA, photobiomodulation through LLLT will decrease the AHI. Additionally, when LLLT is applied in the oral cavity, a highly vascularized region, this may cause improvements in the vascular function and in the autonomic and hemodynamic control. Ethics and Dissemination: This protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Nove de Julho University, S?o Paulo, Brazil, on the date of March 11, 2019 (CAAE: 06025618.2.0000.5511 - Acceptance Number: 3.191.077). This trial has been registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC TRIAL RBR-42v548). This study is not yet recruiting. Issue date: November 4, 2019.
关键词： laser therapy,index of apnea-hypopnea,biophotonics,snoring,sleep-disordered breathing,metabolic syndrome,sympathovagal balance
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Comparing Semiconductor Nanocrystal Toxicity in Pregnant Mice and Non-Human Primates
摘要： Rationale: Despite growing use of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) in applications from electronics to medicine, the potential risk to human health remains a critical concern within clinical use. ENM exposure during pregnancy can potentially cause reproductive toxicity even at levels that produce no measurable harm to animals in normal conditions. Methods: Phospholipid micelle-encapsulated CdSe/CdS/ZnS semiconductor nanocrystals with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 60 nm were intravenously injected during pregnancy in both rodent and nonhuman primate animal models. Cadmium concentration levels and maternal haematological and biochemical markers were determined, along with histopathological examination of major organs. Results: Nanocrystals were found to have crossed the placenta from mother to fetus in both rodents and nonhuman primates. However, the animal models display different responses with respect to reproductive toxicity. In the rodent model, toxicity symptoms are absent in treated subjects, with no observed gestational or fetal abnormalities and complications. A significantly higher miscarriage rate of 60% is recorded for macaques after prenatal nanoparticle administration. There was a miscarriage rate of 15% in the general population despite only ~0.16% of the initial cadmium dose present in the fetus. Blood and biochemical markers of treated macaques indicate acute hepatocellular injury within a week after nanoparticle administration. Histology of major organs of the miscarried macaque fetuses show no abnormalities. Conclusion: The potential of nanomaterials to cross the placenta and impact fetal survival in primates suggest the necessity of precautionary measures to prevent gestational exposure of ENMs.
关键词： quantum dots,engineered nanomaterials,biophotonics,nanotoxicology
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Topical problems of biophotonics
摘要： Biophotonics emerged at the interface of most innovative scientific disciplines of the last century, i.e. photonics and bio- and nanotechnology. This area of scientific research and development unites physicists, biologists, chemists, pharmacists and physicians of various specialisations; the latter are the so called ‘end users’. To emphasise the importance of the area and successful interaction of researchers in the field of biophotonics, note that the 2014 Nobel Prizes were awarded to Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura for ‘the efficient blue LEDs that enabled the use of bright and energy-efficient white light sources’, as well as to Eric Betzig, William M?rner, and Stefan Hell for fluorescence microscopy with super-resolution. In 2018, Arthur Ashkin received the award for optical tweezers and their use in biological systems, together with Gerard Mourou and Donna Strickland who received it for the generation of high-intensity ultrashort optical pulses. All these innovative developments are closely related to biophotonics, were in particular initiated by its requirements, and serve its further development.
关键词： biophotonics,laser technology,nanotechnology,photonics,optical imaging
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 SBFoton International Optics and Photonics Conference (SBFoton IOPC) - Sao Paulo, Brazil (2019.10.7-2019.10.9)] 2019 SBFoton International Optics and Photonics Conference (SBFoton IOPC) - Analysis of the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis using Photobiomodulation Performed with a Low Power Laser
摘要： This study evaluated laser photobiomodulation as non-pharmacological therapy for pain reduction and improve the quality of life in patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the knee. The results, indicating a decrease of the pain and stiffness improvement, demonstrate that BPM is an efficient non-pharmacological therapy for the management of KOA.
关键词： low power laser,knee osteoarthritis (KOA),Photobiomodulation (BPM),Biophotonics
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52