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Near-field radiative heat transfer between black phosphorus and graphene sheet
摘要： Low thermal conductivity of black phosphorus (BP) makes it difficult to cool BP-based electronic or optoelectronic devices. Therefore, developing a cooling strategy for BP-based nano devices is highly required. We theoretically study the near-field radiative heat transfer between BP sheets as well as between BP and graphene. We find that the heat transfer between BP sheets is determined by its electron doping. Plasmons excited by BP in different directions dominate the heat transfer for different electron doping. At optimum electron doping, heat transfer between the BP sheets increases significantly. The heat transfer between BP and graphene is dependent on both the electron doping of BP and chemical potential of graphene. Modulating the chemical potential of graphene can result in a strong coupling between graphene plasmons and BP plasmons, which will lead to a significant enhancement of heat transfer between BP and graphene. Our results are not only meaningful in controlling the heat transfer between BP-based structures but also helpful in developing cooling strategies for BP-based nano devices.
关键词： near-field radiative heat transfer,plasmons,graphene,black phosphorus,chemical potential,electron doping
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Coexistence of pressure-induced structural phases in bulk black phosphorus: a combined x-ray diffraction and Raman study up to 18 GPa
摘要： We report a study of the structural phase transitions induced by pressure in bulk black phosphorus by using both synchrotron x-ray diffraction for pressures up to 12.2 GPa and Raman spectroscopy up to 18.2 GPa. Very recently black phosphorus attracted large attention because of the unique properties of few-layers samples (phosphorene), but some basic questions are still open in the case of the bulk system. As concerning the presence of a Raman spectrum above 10 GPa, which should not be observed in an elemental simple cubic system, we propose a new explanation by attributing a key role to the non-hydrostatic conditions occurring in Raman experiments. Finally, a combined analysis of Raman and XRD data allowed us to obtain quantitative information on presence and extent of coexistences between different structural phases from ~5 up to ~15 GPa. This information can have an important role in theoretical studies on pressure-induced structural and electronic phase transitions in black phosphorus.
关键词： high pressure,black phosphorus,x-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,phase transitions
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Complementary doping of van der Waals materials through controlled intercalation for monolithically integrated electronics
摘要： Doping control has been a key challenge for electronic applications of van der Waals materials. Here, we demonstrate complementary doping of black phosphorus using controlled ionic intercalation to achieve monolithic building elements. We characterize the anisotropic electrical transport as a function of ion concentrations and report a widely tunable resistivity up to three orders of magnitude with characteristic concentration dependence corresponding to phase transitions during intercalation. As a further step, we develop both p-type and n-type field effect transistors as well as electrical diodes with high device stability and performance. In addition, enhanced charge mobility from 380 to 820 cm2/(V·s) with the intercalation process is observed and explained as the suppressed neutral impurity scattering based on our ab initio calculations. Our study provides a unique approach to atomically control the electrical properties of van der Waals materials, and may open up new opportunities in developing advanced electronics and physics platforms.
关键词： nanoelectronics,two-dimensional (2D) materials and heterostructures,tunable properties,diode,black phosphorus,FET
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Black phosphorus quantum dots as novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence emitters for the detection of Cu2+
摘要： For the first time, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission was observed from black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) in the presence of K2S2O8 as the co-reactant. The potential application of BPQDs in ECL analytical chemistry was also demonstrated using Cu2+ as an example.
关键词： Cu2+ detection,black phosphorus quantum dots,electrochemiluminescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Environmentally stable black phosphorus saturable absorber for ultrafast laser
摘要： Black phosphorus (BP) attracts huge interest in photonic and optoelectronic applications ranging from passive switch for ultrafast lasers to photodetectors. However, the instability of chemically unfunctionalized BP in ambient environment due to oxygen and moisture remains a critical barrier to its potential applications. Here, the parylene-C layer was used to protect inkjet-printed BP- saturable absorbers (BP-SA), and the efficacy of this passivation layer was demonstrated on the stable and continuous operation of inkjet-printed BP-SA in harsh environmental conditions. BP-SA was integrated in an erbium-doped ring laser cavity and immersed in water at ~60°C during operation for investigation. Mode-locked pulses at ~1567.3 nm with ~538 fs pulse width remained stable for >200 h. The standard deviation of spectral width, central wavelength, and pulse width were 0.0248 nm, 0.0387 nm, and 2.3 fs, respectively, in this period, underscoring the extreme stability of BP-SA against high temperature and humidity. This approach could enable the exploitation of BP-based devices for photonic applications when operating under adverse environmental conditions.
关键词： black phosphorus,fiber laser,2D materials
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots Cause Nephrotoxicity in Organoids, Mice, and Human Cells
摘要： Quantum dots (QDs) have numerous potential applications in lighting, engineering, and biomedicine. QDs are mainly excreted through the kidney due to their ultrasmall sizes; thus, the kidneys are target organs of QD toxicity. Here, an organoid screening platform is established and used to study the nephrotoxicity of QDs. Organoids are templated from monodisperse microfluidic Matrigel droplets and found to be homogeneous in both tissue structure and functional recapitulation within a population and suitable for the quantitative screening of toxic doses. Kidney organoids are proved displaying higher sensitivity than 2D-cultured cell lines. Similar to metal-containing QDs, black phosphorus (BP)-QDs are found to have moderate toxicity in the kidney organoids. The nephrotoxicity of BP-QDs are validated in both mice and human renal tubular epithelial cells. BP-QDs are also found to cause insulin insensitivity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the kidney. Furthermore, ER stress-related IRE1α signaling is shown to mediate renal toxicity and insulin insensitivity caused by BP-QDs. In summary, this work demonstrates the use of constructed kidney organoids as 3D high-throughput screening tools to assess nanosafety and further illuminates the effects and molecular mechanisms of BP-QD nephrotoxicity. The findings will hopefully enable improvement of the safety of BP-QD applications.
关键词： kidney,organoids,nanosafety assessment,black phosphorus,quantum dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Unipolar N-type Conduction in Black Phosphorus Induced by Atomic Layer Deposited MgO
摘要： Two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) holds great promise for future nanoscale field-effect-transistors owing to its finite band gap and expected high carrier mobility. Nevertheless, while most studies have reported unipolar p-type or ambipolar BP transistors with a hole conduction dominance, excellent n-type transport in BP has been a critical challenge. Here, we report unipolar n-type BP transistors realized by an MgO capping layer via atomic layer deposition. By coverage with 20-nm-thick MgO, remarkable electron conduction is obtained in transistors fabricated on BP flakes of thicknesses from 2.6 to 7.6 nm, accompanied by fully suppressed hole transport. Furthermore, the unipolar electron transport is found to retain (or even improve) after a period of 6 months, with the highest extrinsic electron mobility reaching 135.9 cm2/Vs. The effective approach to realizing unipolar n-FETs of BP demonstrated in this work paves the way to the implementation of BP-based CMOS digital logic circuits.
关键词： MgO,Black phosphorus,n-type conduction,ALD,Transistors
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Natural organic matter inhibits aggregation of few-layered black phosphorus in mono- and divalent electrolyte solutions
摘要： Extensive synthesis and applications of few-layered black phosphorus (BPs) are accompanied by increasing concern over its stability and potential risk. However, the colloidal stability of BPs under environmentally relevant conditions remains unclear. Hence, we investigated the influences of two representative electrolytes (i.e., NaCl and CaCl2) and natural organic matter (NOM) on the aggregation behavior of BPs. Ca2+ ions exhibited a stronger destabilization effect on BPs than Na+ due to their stronger surface charge screening as well as intersheet bridging by the complexes of Ca2+ ions and oxidized phosphorus (POx) species on the BPs surface. Apart from the Ca2+-induced enhanced aggregation in the presence of high concentration of Ca2+, the aggregation behavior of BPs in the two electrolytes at different concentrations and their ratios of critical coagulation concentrations (CCCs) generally followed classical colloidal theory such as the Schulze–Hardy rule. Moreover, in the presence of 10 mg C/L NOM the CCC values of BPs in NaCl and CaCl2 solutions were both three times higher than that obtained without NOM, and the aggregation kinetics of BPs in these electrolytes containing NOM were qualitatively consistent with extended DLVO theory. Specifically, NOM significantly improved the stabilization of BPs in CaCl2 solutions via steric repulsion and isolation of Ca2+ ions from interaction with POx species on the surface of BPs. This stabilization mechanism derived from “NOM corona” structures was elucidated by a wide spectrum of characterization and quantification techniques. These findings provide new insights into evaluating the stability and fate of this nanomaterial in natural aquatic environments.
关键词： few-layered black phosphorus,colloidal stability,NOM corona,aggregation,electrolytes,natural organic matter
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Tuning the electronic properties of van der Waals heterostructures composed of black phosphorus and graphitic SiC
摘要： This study presents a new van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure composed of monolayer black phosphorus (BP) and monolayer graphitic SiC (g-SiC). Using first-principles calculations, the structural and electronic properties of the BP/SiC heterostructure were investigated. It was found that by stacking BP with SiC, weak type-I band alignment can be achieved with a band gap of 0.705 eV, where the direct band gap as well as linear dichroism features were well preserved. The electrostatic potential drop in the heterojunction was calculated to be 4.044 eV. By applying perpendicular electric field, the band alignment can be altered to either type-I or type-II, and the band gap can be effectively controlled by field intensity, hence making the heterostructure suitable for various applications.
关键词： first-principles calculations,van der Waals heterostructure,graphitic SiC,electronic properties,black phosphorus
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Gambogic Acid Augments Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots (BPQDs)-Based Synergistic Chemo-Photothermal Therapy through Downregulating Heat Shock Protein Expression
摘要： In an attempt to attain synergistic therapeutic benefits and address various intrinsic limitations of the highly efficient black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs), we fabricated poly(L-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-lactide) triblock copolymer (PLLA-PEG-PLLA)-based nanocomposites co-loaded with BPQDs and gambogic acid (GA) using the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) technology to achieve photoacoustic (PA) imaging-guided synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy. On the one hand, BPQDs displayed near-infrared (NIR)-induced hyperthermia through the high photothermal conversion efficiency. On the other hand, the NIR-responsive release of GA facilitated early apoptosis through specific binding to stress-induced overexpression of heat shock protein (HSP)-90 for combating thermoresistant tumor cells. GA significantly promoted the photothermal therapy (PTT) efficiency by enhancing both early and late apoptosis of BPQDs. Moreover, the encapsulation of BPQDs in the polymer significantly improved their chemical as well as photothermal stabilities. Our findings suggested that these nanocomposites fabricated using the eco-friendly supercritical fluid (SCF) technology provided good protection to the biodegradable BPQDs, offering a great potential towards cancer ablation through augmented synergistic effects.
关键词： Synergism,NIR-responsive,Black phosphorus,Heat shock protein,Photothermal therapy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59