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Recent progress in ultrafast lasers based on 2D materials as a saturable absorber
摘要： Two-dimensional (2D) materials are crystals with one to a few layers of atoms and are being used in many fields such as optical modulator, photodetector, optical switch, and ultrafast lasers. Their exceptional optoelectronic and nonlinear optical properties make them as a suitable saturable absorber for laser cavities. This review focuses on the recent progress in ultrafast laser use 2D materials as a saturable absorber. 2D materials traditionally include graphene, topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, as well as new materials such as black phosphorus, bismuthene, antimonene, and MXene. Material characteristics, fabrication techniques, and nonlinear properties are also introduced. Finally, future perspectives of ultrafast lasers based on 2D materials are also addressed.
关键词： saturable absorber,MXene,antimonene,bismuthene,graphene,ultrafast lasers,transition metal dichalcogenides,black phosphorus,2D materials,topological insulators
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Graphene based plasma-wave devices for terahertz applications
摘要： Unique properties of graphene are combined to enable graphene plasmonic devices that could revolutionize the terahertz (THz) electronic technology. A high value of the carrier mobility allows us to excite resonant plasma waves. The graphene bipolar nature allows for different mechanisms of plasma wave excitation. Graphene bilayer and multilayer structures make possible improved THz device configurations. The ability of graphene to form a high quality heterostructure with h-BN, black phosphorus, and other materials systems supports advanced heterostructure devices comprised of the best properties of graphene and other emerging materials. In particular, using black phosphorus compounds for cooling electron–hole plasma in graphene could dramatically improve the conditions for THz lasing. High optical phonon energy allows for reaching higher plasma frequencies that are supported by high sheet carrier densities in graphene. Recent improvements in graphene technology combined with a better understanding of the device physics of graphene THz plasmonics and graphene plasmonic device designs hold promise to make graphene THz plasmonic technology one of the key graphene applications. Commercialization of plasmonic graphene technology is facing the same challenges as other graphene applications, which have difficulties in producing uniform large graphene layers, bilayers, and heterostructures of high quality and making good low resistance stable Ohmic contacts. The time projection for large scale graphene electronic device applications now extends into the 2030s. However, emerging graphene mass production technologies might bring commercial applications of the graphene plasmonic terahertz technology closer.
关键词： heterostructures,graphene,black phosphorus,Ohmic contacts,plasma waves,THz technology,terahertz,plasmonic devices,optical phonon energy,carrier mobility
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Plasmonically enabled two-dimensional material-based optoelectronic devices
摘要： Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus and hexagonal boron nitride, have been intensively investigated as building blocks for optoelectronic devices in the past few years. Very recently, significant efforts have been devoted to the improvement of the optoelectronic performances of 2D materials, which are restricted by their intrinsically low light absorption due to the ultrathin thickness. Making use of the plasmonic effects of metal nanostructures as well as intrinsic plasmon excitation in graphene has been shown to be one of the promising strategies. In this minireview, recent progresses in 2D material-based optoelectronics enabled by the plasmonic effects are highlighted. A perspective on more possibilities in plasmon-assisted 2D material-based optoelectronic applications will also be provided.
关键词： Transition metal dichalcogenides,Plasmonic effects,Two-dimensional materials,Black phosphorus,Hexagonal boron nitride,Graphene,Optoelectronic devices
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Black phosphorus quantum dots in inorganic perovskite thin films for efficient photovoltaic application
摘要： Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are proposed as effective seed-like sites to modulate the nucleation and growth of CsPbI2Br perovskite crystalline thin layers, allowing an enhanced crystallization and remarkable morphological improvement. We reveal that the lone-pair electrons of BPQDs can induce strong binding between molecules of the CsPbI2Br precursor solution and phosphorus atoms stemming from the concomitant reduction in coulombic repulsion. The four-phase transition during the annealing process yields an α-phase CsPbI2Br stabilized by BPQDs. The BPQDS/CsPbI2Br core-shell structure concomitantly reinforces a stable CsPbI2Br crystallite and suppresses the oxidation of BPQDs. Consequently, a power conversion efficiency of 15.47% can be achieved for 0.7 wt % BPQDs embedded in CsPbI2Br film-based devices, with an enhanced cell stability, under ambient conditions. Our finding is a decisive step in the exploration of crystallization and phase stability that can lead to the realization of efficient and stable inorganic perovskite solar cells.
关键词： inorganic perovskite,phase stability,Black phosphorus quantum dots,photovoltaic application,crystallization
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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PEGylated-folic acida??modified black phosphorus quantum dots as near-infrared agents for dual-modality imaging-guided selective cancer cell destruction
摘要： Biological systems have high transparence to 700–1100-nm near-infrared (NIR) light. Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) have high optical absorbance in this spectrum. This optical property of BPQDs integrates both diagnostic and therapeutic functions together in an all-in-one processing system in cancer theranostic approaches. In the present study, BPQDs were synthesized and functionalized by targeting moieties (PEG-NH2-FA) and were further loaded with anticancer drugs (doxorubicin) for photodynamic–photothermal–chemotherapy. The precise killing of cancer cells was achieved by linking BPQDs with folate moiety (folic acid), internalizing BPQDs inside cancer cells with folate receptors and NIR triggering, without affecting the receptor-free cells. These in vitro experiments confirm that the agent exhibited an efficient photokilling effect and a light-triggered and heat-induced drug delivery at the precise tumor sites. Furthermore, the nanoplatform has good biocompatibility and effectively obliterates tumors in nude mice, showing no noticeable damages to noncancer tissues. Importantly, this nanoplatform can inhibit tumor growth through visualized synergistic treatment and photoacoustic and photothermal imaging. The present design of versatile nanoplatforms can allow for the adjustment of nanoplatforms for good treatment efficacy and multiplexed imaging, providing an innovation for targeted tumor treatment.
关键词： drug release,black phosphorus quantum dots,synergistic therapy,targeted,photoacoustic imaging
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A Fluorescence Probe for Metal Ions Based on Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots
摘要： Fluorescence method for detecting metal ions has advantages of fast detection speed, simple operation, and low price over the conventional methods. Black phosphorus quantum dots (BP QDs) have high photoluminescence quantum yield and modifiable surface, which have great potential in the field of fluorescent probes. In this study, high quality BP QDs are prepared by pyrolysis method and are first time used as trace metal ion probes in both organic solutions and aqueous solutions. The detection limits of Hg2+ and Cu2+ in the aqueous solution are 5.3 × 10?9 m and 1.6 × 10?6 m, respectively. In addition, the detection limits of Cu2+ in the organic solution are 16 × 10?6 m. The fluorescence quenching mechanism based on the calculation of the electronic structure and adsorption energy of BP QDs after adsorption of metal ions is further explained. The results provide a new promising fluorescence probe for trace metal ions without the help of organic molecules.
关键词： electron transfer,fluorescence,black phosphorus,metal ions
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Mid-infrared Polarized Emission from Black Phosphorus Light-Emitting Diodes
摘要： We demonstrate a mid-infrared light-emitting diode based on the 2D semiconductor black phosphorus (BP). The device is composed of a mechanically exfoliated BP/molybdenum disulfide heterojunction. Under forward bias, it emits polarized electroluminescence at λ = 3.68 μm, with room-temperature internal and external quantum efficiencies of ~1% and ~0.03%, respectively. In our structure, outcoupling losses are dominated by radiation towards the high refractive index substrate. The ability to tune the bandgap of BP, and consequently its emission wavelength with layer number, strain and electric field make these LEDs particularly attractive for heterointegration into mid-infrared photonic platforms.
关键词： heterostructures,2D materials,mid-infrared emitters,light-emitting diodes,Black phosphorus
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Donor–acceptor type black phosphorus nanosheets covalently functionalized with a conjugated polymer for laser protection
摘要： Covalent functionalization of two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) with conjugated polymers would be favorable to improve its environmental stability and solubility in organic solvents, and thereby to open a way to explore more applications of BP in the fields of optoelectronics, electronics and photonics. As a proof-of-concept application, soluble donor–acceptor type BP nanosheets covalently functionalized with poly[(1,4-diethynyl-2,5-bis(hexyloxy)benzene)-alt-benzo[c]thiadiazole] (hereafter called PDBT-BP) were synthesized through Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling polymerization, and embedded into an optically nonactive transparent poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) matrix to produce the PMMA-based PDBT-BP film for nonlinear optics. In contrast to BP/PMMA, PDBT-BP/PMMA and PDBT/BP blends/PMMA films, the annealed PDBT-BP/PMMA film, which was heated at 150 °C under dry argon for 1 h, shows more excellent reverse saturable absorption (RSA) behavior, with a larger nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff ) of 208.16 cm GW?1 and an imaginary third-order susceptibility (Im χ(3)) of 8.89 × 10?11 esu at a pulse energy of 400 μJ. The achieved optical limiting (OL) threshold is 4.44 J cm?2 (0.74 GW cm?2), smaller than that of the non-annealed PDBT-BP/PMMA film (5.64 J cm?2). The SA (saturable absorption) to RSA transition observed at a low incident laser intensity could be used to realize all-optical intensity-dependent logic gates in the near future.
关键词： Conjugated Polymer,Laser Protection,Polymer Chemistry,Black Phosphorus,Nonlinear Optics
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Black Phosphorus Based Ultrafast Yb-doped Fiber Laser: Principle, Mechanisms, and Applications
摘要： Since early 2014, black phosphorus (BP), a rising star among post-graphene, has been exploited to generate ultrashort pulses in fiber lasers. BP has a large direct bandgap range from 0.3 eV (bulk, corresponding to 4.13 μm) to 2 eV (monolayer, corresponding to 620 nm), which enables ultrashort pulse generation from near-infrared to visible waveband. In our progresses, an ultra-stable (more than 100 days) pulse fiber laser based on real BP-SA was demonstrated, which exhibited various interesting ultrafast phenomenon in 1 μm region. Our results extended the application of BP in the spatial and temporal domains.
关键词： pulse laser,black phosphorus,saturable absorber
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Tunable multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on BPQDs packaged by poly tetra fluoroethylene and two segments of PMF
摘要： Two types of tunable and stable multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber lasers(MWEDFLs) are proposed and experimentally demonstrated, which are based on novel poly tetra fluoroethylene packaging device of black phosphorus quantum dots (PTFEPD-BPQDs) and two sections of polarization maintaining fiber(PMF) in cascade/in parallel. The novel fabrication process uses silica capillaries and PTFE to package BPQDs. The PTFEPD-BPQDs has the function of suppressing the mode competition and stabilizing the multiwavelength output. The channel space and wavelength number of the two types of tunable MWEDFLs can be tuned by adjusting polarization controllers(PCs). In the experiments, for the unpackaged BPQDs device, BPQDs will degrade and lose its function within 48 h, while for the PTFEPD-BPQDs, BPQDs can keep its function for more than 3 weeks. By adjusting the PC, in the cascaded structure, the multiwavelength channel spacing can be tuned among nearly 1.98, 0.67 and 0.43 nm, and the number of multiwavelength output is 4, 9 and 13, respectively.
关键词： Tunable,Two sections of polarization maintaining fiber,Multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser,Black phosphorus quantum dots
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52