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A novel dynamical approach in continuous cuffless blood pressure estimation based on ECG and PPG signals
摘要： Continuous cu?ess blood pressure (BP) monitoring has attracted much interest in ?nding the ideal treatment of diseases and the prevention of premature death. This paper presents a novel dynamical method, based on pulse transit time (PTT) and photoplethysmogram intensity ratio (PIR), for the continuous cu?ess BP estimation. By taking the advantages of both the modeling and the prediction approaches, the proposed framework e?ectively estimates diastolic BP (DBP), mean BP (BP), and systolic BP (SBP). Adding past states of the cardiopulmonary system as well as present states of the cardiac system to our model caused two main improvements. First, high accuracy of the method in the beat to beat BP estimation. Second, notwithstanding noticeable BP changes, the performance of the model is preserved over time. The experimental setup includes comparative studies on a large, standard dataset. Moreover, the proposed method outperformed the most recent and cited algorithms with improved accuracy.
关键词： Cu?ess blood pressure estimation,Taken’s theorem,Multivariate adaptive regression spline,Pulse transit time,Photoplethysmogram intensity ratio
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Cuff-less continuous measurement of blood pressure using wrist and fingertip photo-plethysmograms: Evaluation and feature analysis
摘要： Continuous monitoring of blood pressure improves prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. Currently, cuff-based oscillometric sphygmomanometers are commonly used to monitor the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, this technique is discontinuous in nature and inconvenient for repeated measurements. Here we have proposed indirect measurement of blood pressure from photo-plethysmograms (PPG) simultaneously recorded from wrist and fingertip. The signals were recorded from 111 participants and different morphological features were obtained from PPG and its second derivative, acceleration plethysmograms (APG). Moreover, different measures of pulse transit time (PTT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were obtained from the recorded PPGs. Multi-layer Neural Networks were used to estimate the non-linear relationship between these features and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP). Mean absolute errors of 6.77 and 4.82 mmHg were achieved in comparison with measurements from a validated commercial oscillometric sphygmomanometer. Feature analysis provided insight about the importance of features for estimating BP, and demonstrated that these features are not the same for SBP and DBP. Using the highest-ranked 15 and 13 features obtained from moving-backward algorithm the mean absolute errors were reduced to 5.31 and 4.62 mmHg for SBP and DBP. However, the optimum optimal feature sets provided by a genetic algorithm for estimating SBP/DBP led to the lowest mean absolute errors of 4.94/4.03. These results compared to previous studies and the available standards suggest that the method is a promising substitute for oscillometric sphygmomanometers which can be used conveniently for continuous monitoring of blood pressure.
关键词： Genetic algorithms,Non-obstructive blood pressure measurement,Multi-layer neural networks,Photo-plethysmography
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) - Cleveland, OH, USA (2018.10.17-2018.10.19)] 2018 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) - Continuous Peripheral Blood Pressure Measurement with ECG and PPG Signals at Fingertips
摘要： A good habit of measuring blood pressure (BP) daily is helpful for us to stay healthy or to monitor hypertensive conditions. However, the conventional method of measuring BP using a pressure cuff has many weaknesses. In order to eliminate the use of this pressure cuff, we proposed a system using the pulse arrival time (PAT) to measure BP. This PAT can be measured using time difference between the R-peaks of electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. In our system, we obtained these two signals by using our self-designed ECG and PPG sensors. Our sensors were fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology with a small recording area of about 2.53 mm2 and 6.25 mm2, respectively. Our ECG sensor has variable amplifying gains and can achieve a total maximum gain of 60 dB. Besides that, it has a high pass filter with wide cutoff frequencies between 0.1-200 Hz, and low pass filter with cutoff frequencies of 0.2-10 kHz. The design of our ECG circuit allows us to obtain the ECG signals using fingertips and without using a ground electrode. This compact system has the potential to become a wireless wearable in the future. The measured PAT was fitted into a mathematical model and cuff-less BP readings were obtained. A plot of reference BP using oscillometric cuff and cuff-less BP showed a good correlation of r = 0.83 for systolic blood pressure (SBP). The SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) mean absolute difference for the system are 6.75 mmHg and 6.08 mmHg respectively, which fairly passed the strict standard set by IEEE. In the future, our system will be compared with the use of sphygmomanometer, which is the gold standard, to further evaluate its accuracies.
关键词： blood pressure,pulse arrival time,electrocardiogram,cuff-less,photoplethysmogram
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Fundamental Study on Blood Pressure Measurement by FBG Sensor
摘要： In recent years, the demands for vital sign measurement system have been increasing, such as home health care for elderly people, or self-health management for healthy people. In this study, we aimed at the development of a non-invasive wearable device to measure vital sign. We use a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor as pulse wave sensor. A FBG sensor is the optical ?ber. Therefore, a FBG sensor has a lot of features. Its characteristics are suitable for the measurement of vital signs at all times. We ?x FBG sensors to di?erent two points of the body surface and acquired pulse wave. We calculated the systolic blood pressure by using Pulse Transit Time (PTT) which is arrival time lag of pulse wave. We have con?rmed the validity of the principle of systolic blood pressure measurement by FBG sensors.
关键词： wearable,blood pressure measurement,FBG sensor
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Hypertension Assessment Using Photoplethysmography: A Risk Stratification Approach
摘要： Hypertension is a common chronic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Early screening and diagnosis of hypertension plays a major role in its prevention and in the control of CVDs. Our study discusses the early screening of hypertension while using the morphological features of photoplethysmography (PPG). Numerous morphological features of PPG and its derivative waves were defined and extracted. Six types of feature selection methods were chosen to screen and evaluate these PPG morphological features. The optimal features were comprehensively analyzed in relation to the physiological processes of the cardiovascular circulatory system. Particularly, the intrinsic relation and physiological significance between the formation process of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and PPG morphology features were analyzed in depth. A variety of linear and nonlinear classification models were established for the comparison trials. The F1 scores for the normotension versus prehypertension, normotension and prehypertension versus hypertension, and normotension versus hypertension trials were 72.97%, 81.82%, and 92.31%, respectively. In summary, this study established a PPG characteristic analysis model and established the intrinsic relationship between SBP and PPG characteristics. Finally, the risk stratification of hypertension at different stages was examined and compared based on the optimal feature subset.
关键词： Hypertension,photoplethysmograph,feature selection,systolic blood pressure,risk classification
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Non-Invasive Detection of Mechanical Alternans Utilizing Photoplethysmography
摘要： Background and Significance: Mechanical alternans (MA) is a biomarker associated with mortality and life-threatening arrhythmias in heart failure patients. Despite showing prognostic value, its use is limited by the requirement of measuring continuous blood pressure (BP), which is costly and impractical. Objective: To develop and test, for the first time, non-invasive MA surrogates based on photoplethysmography (PPG). Methods: Continuous BP and PPG were recorded during clinical procedures and tests in 35 patients. MA was induced either by ventricular pacing (Group A, N=19) or exercise (Group B, N=16). MA was categorized as sustained or intermittent if MA episodes were observed in at least 20 or between 12 to 20 consecutive beats, respectively. Eight features characterizing pulse morphology were derived from the PPG and MA surrogates were evaluated. Results: Sustained alternans was observed in 9 patients (47%) from Group A, whereas intermittent alternans was observed in 13 patients (68%) from Group A and in 10 patients (63%) from Group B. The PPG-based MA surrogate showing the highest accuracy, V’M, was based on the maximum of the first derivative of the PPG pulse. It detected both sustained and intermittent MA with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in Group A and intermittent MA with 100% sensitivity and 83% specificity in Group B. Furthermore, the magnitudes of MA and its PPG-based surrogate were linearly correlated (R2=0.83, p<0.001). Conclusion: MA can be accurately identified non-invasively through PPG analysis. This may have important clinical implications for risk stratification and remote monitoring.
关键词： Blood pressure (BP),cardiac alternans,photoplethysmography (PPG),hemodynamic instabilities,mechanical alternans (MA)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Kontinuierliche nicht-invasive Blutdruckmessung mittels Pulswellen-Transit-Zeit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
摘要： Background As an alternative to ambulatory 24-h blood pressure monitors, the continuous, non-invasive blood pressure recording using pulse transit time (PTT) was compared with both oscillometric and intra-arterial measurement. Methods In 144 pediatric patients (9.4 ± 5.2 years) acute blood pressure was determined using three different methods of measurement. In 57 patients (11.4 ± 4.9 years) of the pediatric normal ward, the blood pressure was simultaneously determined continuously by means of PTT compared to the intermittent oscillometric long-term measurement. In 9 patients (9.8 ± 6.8 years) of the pediatric intensive care unit with continuous intra-arterial blood pressure measurement, the blood pressure was measured in parallel by means of PTT. Results Compared to the gold standard sphygmomanometry, mean systolic blood pressure values were comparable to 2 different oscillometric devices, but in the case of diastolic pressure measurement the pressure values were significantly lower or higher than with sphygmomanometry and auscultation. The results of the non-invasive comparative long-term measurements showed better correlations for systolic rather than diastolic pressure. Similar results were obtained comparing the direct intra-arterial blood pressure measurement with the SOMNOtouch? NIBP device which measures blood pressure using the PTT. Conclusion Continuous, indirect blood pressure recording using pulse transit time provides good correlations to the reference measurements for long-term measurement of blood pressure in children and adolescents and appears to be a usable method to measure the blood pressure of children especially at rest.
关键词： auscultation,blood pressure,sphygmomanometry,pulse transit time,oscillometry
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Honolulu, HI, USA (2018.7.18-2018.7.21)] 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - InstaBP: Cuff-less Blood Pressure Monitoring on Smartphone using Single PPG Sensor
摘要： Cuff-less Blood Pressure (BP) monitoring has gained interest of the research community in recent years, due to its importance in continuous and non-invasive monitoring of BP for early detection of hypertension, thereby reducing mortality. Several approaches that involve photoplethysmography (PPG) and Pulse Transit Time (PTT) have been explored with promising results; however the requirement of two sensors makes them obtrusive for continuous use. Single PPG sensor approaches using machine learning have also been attempted, but there are certain deficiencies in these methods as they go for a one-size-fits-all approach. In this work, we develop an ensemble of BP prediction models based on demographic and physiological partitioning. Also, we incorporate a set of unique PPG features into our models, which results in test accuracies of 5 mmHg Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for Diastolic BP, and 6.9 mmHg MAE for Systolic BP. Given our marked improvement over ubiquitous models (18% for Diastolic BP and 11.5% for Systolic BP), this approach opens up avenues where single PPG sensor based methods can predict BP with a high degree of accuracy. This is a big step towards developing continuous BP monitoring systems, and can help in better management of cardiac health.
关键词： machine learning,Cuff-less Blood Pressure monitoring,Pulse Transit Time,photoplethysmography,demographic and physiological partitioning
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Noncontact measurement of heart rate using facial video illuminated under natural light and signal weighted analysis
摘要： Non-contact and remote measurements of vital physical signals are important for reliable and comfortable physiological self-assessment. We presented a novel optical imaging-based method to measure the vital physical signals. Using a digital camera and ambient light, the cardiovascular pulse waves were extracted better from human color facial videos correctly. And the vital physiological parameters like heart rate were measured using a proposed signal-weighted analysis method. The measured HRs consistent with those measured simultaneously with reference technologies (r=0.94, p<0.001 for HR). The results show that the imaging–based method is suitable for measuring the physiological parameters, and provide a reliable and comfortable measurement mode. The study lays a physical foundation for measuring multi-physiological parameters of human noninvasively.
关键词： noncontact cardiovascular measurement,heart rate,pulse wave,Biomedical engineering,blood pressure
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2019 3rd School on Dynamics of Complex Networks and their Application in Intellectual Robotics (DCNAIR) - Innopolis, Russia (2019.9.9-2019.9.11)] 2019 3rd School on Dynamics of Complex Networks and their Application in Intellectual Robotics (DCNAIR) - Synchronization of the process of autonomous regulation of blood circulation with low-frequency components of the laser Doppler flowmetry signal
摘要： The features of the individual dynamics and interaction of the elements of the autonomous regulation of blood circulation and blood flow fluctuations in the microvasculature of the skin were investigated. Phase synchronization of the laser Doppler flowmetry signal with processes of autonomic regulation is revealed. This may indicate the effect of vegetative regulation on the myogenic range of laser Doppler flowmetry.
关键词： Laser Doppler flowmetry,heart rate variability,blood pressure variability,photoplethysmogram,cardiointervalogram,0.1 Hz,statistical significance,phase capture
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22