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Forming an Ultrathin SnS Layer on Cu <sub/>2</sub> ZnSnS <sub/>4</sub> Surface to Achieve Highly Efficient Solar Cells with Zn(O,S) Buffer
摘要： Environmental friendliness demands the use of nontoxic elements in all types of solar cells, and Zn(O,S) thin film as an alternative buffer layer to replace CdS layer in chalcopyrite and kesterite solar cells has attracted enormous attention in the past. However, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells with a Zn(O,S) buffer are far inferior to those with CdS buffer despite the potentially better band alignment. Herein, by intentionally controlling the precursor composition, the surface of CZTS can be modified to improve the quality of the Zn(O,S)/CZTS junction for the chemical bath-deposited Zn(O,S) buffer. Such a CZTS solar cell reaches a high conversion efficiency of 7.28%, the highest among all Zn(O,S)-based kesterite solar cells so far. The CZTS surface that can jointly work well with the Zn(O,S) buffer is further investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate that an ultrathin SnS layer exists on the CZTS surface and effectively raises the conduction band edge of the absorber surface to form a conduction band offset barrier of (cid:3)0.40 eV, significantly better than that without the assistance of SnS layer. A key route for fabricating highly efficient and low-cost Cd-free CZTS thin-film solar cells is described.
关键词： band alignments,Zn(O,S) buffers,Cu2ZnSnS4
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Analysis of Thermodynamic Properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-Film Solar Cells for Viable Space Application
摘要： The use of thin film solar cells for power generation when colonizing space stations is an interesting idea. Resisting harsh space environments and low power to mass ratio shows potential for the future application of thin film solar cell in future space application such as roll able solar blankets. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cell are analyzed to determine their viability in space focusing on two modular aspects of emissivity and buffer lays. Findings and calculations showed how temperature affects the efficiency of solar cells and it could also be found how increasing their emissivity with different kinds of coatings can offset the loss in efficiency. Through the study of buffers, it was found that lower band gaps reduce the quantum efficiency of a solar cell. Therefore, ZnS with an energy band gap of 3.5eV will have the least amount of spectral absorption of higher wavelengths.
关键词： emissivity,CdS,Cu(In,Ga)Se2,efficiency,temperature,buffers
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Nd3+ Cluster Adjustment in Nd3+:CaNb2O6 by Co-doping La3+ Buffers for Improvement of Fundamental and Self-stimulated Raman Scattering Laser Operation: A Study Case from the Perspective of Defect Chemistry
摘要： The fluorescence quenching caused by Nd3+ clusters in Nd3+ doped crystal even at low Nd3+ concentration has restrained the performance of Nd3+ laser. In this work, Nd3+:CaNb2O6 and Nd3+:La3+:CaNb2O6 single crystals have been grown by the Czochralski method. RE3+ (RE3+=Nd3+, La3+) ion incorporation mechanisms, the formation of Nd3+ clusters, and the feasibility of La3+ ions as buffers in RE3+:CaNb2O6 crystal have been demonstrated and assessed by atomistic simulation methods. The spectral and laser properties of the Nd3+:CaNb2O6 and Nd3+:La3+:CaNb2O6 have been measured. All the results indicate the Nd3+ dimers with distances between Nd3+ close to the critical interaction distance have formed in the Nd3+:CaNb2O6 and the La3+ ions as buffers can alleviate the interaction of Nd3+ effectively in the Nd3+:La3+:CaNb2O6 as expected. Benefitting from the introducing of La3+ buffers, about 2.6 W fundament laser with slope efficiency of 36.5% and about 310 mW self-stimulated Raman scattering laser with conversion and slope efficiencies of 8.3% and 9.5%, respectively, which are superior to those of the Nd3+:CaNb2O6, have been achieved in the Nd3+:La3+:CaNb2O6.
关键词： laser,buffers ions,cluster adjustment,defect chemistry
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04