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- 2018
- electromagnetic pulse
- cell proliferation
- cell membrane permeability
- cell response to electromagnetic stress
- apoptosis
- cancer therapy
- necrosis
- Intelligent Medical Engineering
- V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
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Initial evaluation of <scp>PET</scp> / <scp>CT</scp> with <sup>18</sup> F‐ <scp>FSU</scp> ‐880 targeting prostate‐specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients
摘要： This first-in-man study was carried out to evaluate the safety, whole-body distribution, dose estimation, and lesion accumulation of 18F-FSU-880, a newly developed probe targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen. Six prostate cancer patients with known metastatic lesions underwent serial whole-body PET/computed tomography (CT) with 18F-FSU-880. Blood and urine were analyzed before and after PET/CT. Accumulation of 18F-FSU-880 in organs and metastatic lesions in serial PET images were evaluated by measuring the standardized uptake values. From the biodistribution data, the organ doses and whole-body effective dose were calculated using OLINDA/EXM software. 18F-FSU-880 PET/CT could be carried out without significant adverse effects. High physiological uptake was observed in the salivary/lachrymal glands and kidneys. The effective dose was calculated to be 0.921 × 10?2 mSv/MBq. Known metastatic lesions were clearly visualized with high image contrast that increased with time, except in 1 patient, whose bone metastases were well-controlled and inactive. The PET/CT with 18F-FSU-880 could be carried out safely and could clearly visualize active metastatic lesions. The present results warrant further clinical studies with a larger number of cases to verify the clinical utility of 18F-FSU-880 PET/CT in the management of prostate cancer patients.
关键词： dosimetry,prostate cancer,prostate-specific membrane antigen,positron emission tomography/computed tomography,fluorine-18
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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STATISTICAL DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER BY MAMMOGRAM IMAGE
摘要： Objective: To create awareness about the breast cancer which has become one of the most common diseases among women that leads to death if not recognized at early stage. Methods: The technique of acquiring breast image is called mammography and is a diagnostic and screening tool to detect cancer. A cascade algorithm based on these statistical parameters is implemented on these mammogram images to segregate normal, benign, and malignant diseases. Results: Statistical features - such as mean, median, standard deviation, perimeter, and skewness - were extracted from mammogram images to describe their intensity and nature of distribution using ImageJ. Conclusion: A noninvasive technique which includes statistical features to determine and classify normal, benign, and malignant images are identified.
关键词： ImageJ,Malignant,Mammogram image,Benign,Breast cancer
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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LEFMIS: locally-oriented evaluation framework for medical image segmentation algorithms
摘要： This article proposes a novel framework for the locally-oriented evaluation of segmentation algorithms (LEFMIS). The presented approach is robust and takes into account local inter/intra-observer variability and the anisotropy of medical images. What is more, the framework makes it possible to distinguish types of error locally. These features are crucial in the context of cancer image data. The proposed framework is based on use of the signed anisotropic Euclidean distance transform and the distance projection. It can be used easily in many different applications with or without additional expert outlines (both inter- and intra-observer variability). The performance of the proposed framework is depicted using both artificial and kidney cancer CT data with experts’ manual outlines. In the article, in the case of artificial data, it is presented that the manual outlines dispersion is symmetric in relation to the truth border. The effectiveness of the selected segmentation algorithm was analysed in the context of kidney cancer using computed tomography data. For the calculated local inter-observer variability, 80.11% of the surface points generated by the kidney segmentation algorithm are within one expert outline standard deviation and 97.96% are within five. An error distribution shift in the direction of type I error equivalent was also observed. Finally, the significance of the local estimation of error type differences is presented. The article shows the greater usefulness and flexibility of the proposed framework in comparison to the state-of-the-art methods. The exemplary usage of the LEFMIS with or without inter-/intra-observer variability is also presented.
关键词： evaluation,validation,cancer images,intraobserver variability,kidney segmentation,interobserver variability,error types
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Synthesizing mammogram from digital breast tomosynthesis
摘要： The purpose of this study is to develop a new method for generating synthesized mammogram (SM) from digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and to assess its potential as an adjunct to DBT. We first applied multiscale bilateral filtering to the reconstructed DBT slices to enhance the high-frequency features and reduce noise. A maximum intensity projection (MIP) image was then obtained from the high-frequency components of the DBT slices. A multiscale image fusion method was designed to combine the MIP image and the central DBT projection view into an SM and further enhance the high-frequency features. We conducted a pilot reader study to visually assess the image quality of SM in comparison to full field digital mammograms (FFDM). For each DBT craniocaudal or mediolateral view, a clinical FFDM of the corresponding view was retrospectively collected. Three MQSA radiologists, blinded to the pathological and other clinical information, independently interpreted the SM and the corresponding FFDM side by side marked with the lesion locations. The differences in the BI-RADS assessments of both MCs and masses between SM and FFDM did not achieve statistical significance for all 3 readers. The conspicuity of MCs on SM was superior to that on FFDM and the BI-RADS assessments of MCs were comparable while the conspicuity of masses on SM was degraded and interpretation on SM was less accurate than that on FFDM. The SM may be useful for efficient prescreening of MCs in DBT but the DBT should be used for detection and characterization of masses.
关键词： synthesized mammography (SM),digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT),breast cancer
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Nanostars on Nanopipettes: A Raman Probe for Quantifying Oxygen Levels in Hypoxia in Single Cells and Tumors
摘要： Multiple sharp-edged gold nanostars were efficiently assembled on nanopipette tips by 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTES) via an electrostatic interaction for a potent intracellular hypoxia-sensing Raman probe. Colloidal stability and surface immobilization was checked using scanning electron microscopy, light scattering and zeta potential measurements. Site-specific intracellular hypoxia levels can be estimated in vitro and in vivo using Raman lancets (RL). Distinct Raman spectral changes for the nitro-(NO2) functional group of the redox maker 4-nitrothiophenol (4NTP) can be quantified according to the intracellular oxygen (O2) contents, ranging from 1% to 10%. Facile removal of RL from cells can be achieved after a short measurement time. Redox potential changes in mitochondrial respiration could also be examined using serial injection of inhibitors. Three-dimensional (3D)-cultured cells and in vivo tests were used to validate our methods of measuring tumour hypoxia; potential applications were validated in terms of judging the aggressiveness of cancer cells by differentiating spectral changes between malignant and benign cells.
关键词： Hypoxia,Intracellular redox potential,Cancer aggressiveness,Nanopipette lancets,Surface enhanced resonance Raman
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Freezing Induced Turn-on Modality for Real-time Imaging in Cryosurgery
摘要： Cryosurgery has attracted great attention for the treatment of tumors due to its obvious advantages. However, it still remains a challenge to determine the volume of frozen tissues in real-time, which greatly lowers the therapeutic efficacy of cryosurgery and hinders its broad application for the treatment of cancers. Herein, we report a freezing induced turn-on strategy for selective real-time imaging of frozen cancer cells. As a type of aggregation induced emission (AIE) fluorogen, TABD-Py molecules interact specifically with ice crystals and form aggregates at the ice/water interface. Consequently, bright fluorescent emission appears upon freezing. Note that TABD-Py molecules are enriched only in the cancer cells and exhibit high biocompatibility as well as low cytotoxicity, therefore a freezing induced turn-on imaging modality for cryosurgery is developed, which will certainly maximize therapeutic efficacy of cryosurgery in treating tumors.
关键词： aggregation induced emission,cancer cells,real-time imaging,freezing,cryosurgery
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Honolulu, HI (2018.7.18-2018.7.21)] 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Unveiling the Impact of Distinct Melanosome Arrangements on the Attenuation of Cancer-Inducing Ultraviolet Radiation
摘要： The exposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can trigger a wide array of biological responses, including photocarcinogenesis. Melanin, either in colloidal form or encapsulated into melanosomes, is known to be the main UVR attenuation substance acting within the cutaneous tissues. Although many studies have addressed the protective role of this pigment against the harmful effects of UVR exposure, the impact of different melanosome arrangements on the mitigation of these effects remains to be quantitatively verified. The difficulties to resolve this open question can be mainly attributed to the intrinsic practical limitations of in vivo and in vitro experiments involving skin specimens. In this paper, we describe controlled in silico experiments that allowed us to overcome such limitations and provide quantitative evidence for the clarification of this question. Besides contributing to a more robust understanding of the physiological parameters associated with cutaneous UVR attenuation, our findings can be incorporated into the development of more effective strategies for the evaluation of individuals' susceptibility to UVR exposure. Such strategies are essential for the prevention of UVR-induced pathologies, particularly skin cancer.
关键词： melanosome,sieve and detour effects,ultraviolet radiation,melanin,predictive simulation,skin cancer
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Tissue-mimicking materials for breast phantoms up to 50 GHz
摘要： Millimeter (mm)-wave imaging has been recently proposed as a new technique for breast cancer detection, based on the significant dielectric contrast between healthy and tumor tissues. Here we propose a procedure to fabricate, electromagnetically characterize and preserve realistic breast tissue-mimicking phantoms for testing mm-wave imaging prototypes. Low-cost, non-toxic and easy-to-produce mixtures made of sunflower oil, water and gelatin were prepared and their dielectric properties were for the first time measured in the [0.5-50] GHz frequency range using a coaxial probe kit. Different oil and gelatin percentages were tested. An alternative recipe based on a waste-oil hardener was also proposed. Finally, water and sunflower oil were investigated as preservation media. The mixtures electromagnetic properties were in good agreement with those of human breast ex vivo samples. By changing the ingredient concentrations or using different solidifying agents it was possible to mimic different tissue types. Besides, we show that sunflower oil represents an effective preservation medium for the developed materials. The first breast phantom mimicking a tumor mass into healthy tissues up to 50 GHz was also successfully fabricated. Results demonstrated the potential of the designed recipes to mimic breast tissues with different biological characteristics.
关键词： microwave imaging,breast phantoms,breast cancer,dielectric properties,millimeter waves,cancer screening
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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The potential of biobanked liquid based cytology samples for cervical cancer screening using Raman spectroscopy.
摘要： Patient samples are unique and often irreplaceable. This allows biobanks to be a valuable source of material. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of Raman spectroscopy to screen for histologically confirmed cases of Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) using biobanked liquid based cytology (LBC) samples. Two temperatures for long term storage were assessed; 80oC and -25oC. The utility of Raman spectroscopy for the detection of CIN was compared for fresh LBC samples and biobanked LBC samples. Two groups of samples were used for the study with one group associated with disease (CIN3) and the other associated with no disease (cytology negative). The data indicates that samples stored at -80oC are not suitable for assessment by Raman spectroscopy due to a lack of cellular material and the presence of cellular debris. However, the technology can be applied to fresh LBC samples and those stored at -25oC and is, moreover, effective in the discrimination of negative samples from those where CIN 3 has been confirmed. Pooled fresh and biobanked samples are also amenable to the technology and achieve a similar sensitivity and specificity for CIN 3. This study demonstrates that cervical cytology samples stored within biobanks at temperatures that preclude cell lysis can act as a useful resource for Raman spectroscopy and will facilitate research and translational studies in this area.
关键词： cervical pre-cancer,cytology,ThinPrep,Raman spectroscopy,cervical cancer,biobank
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Control, Power, Communication and Computing Technologies (ICCPCCT) - Kannur (2018.3.23-2018.3.24)] 2018 International Conference on Control, Power, Communication and Computing Technologies (ICCPCCT) - Identification of Melanoma in Dermoscopy Images Using Image Processing Algorithms
摘要： Skin cancer is the most common of all human cancers and is always misunderstood with other kind of skin diseases, so accurate early detection of skin cancer is essential. The main objective of this paper is to segment the lesion and identify melanoma from dermoscopy images. A total of 170 dermoscopy images are used in this research. Firstly, the input images are enhanced for better processing then, the lesion portion is segmented from the enhanced image by two methods 1.Otsu thresholding 2.Morphological operations. The descriptive features are extracted from the segmented lesion. The extracted feature values are used to compute the Total Dermatascopy Score (TDS), which is used to find the presence or absence of melanoma in dermoscopy images. Classification accuracy is calculated to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm.
关键词： Dermoscopy,Segmentation,Total Dermatoscopy Score(TDS),Feature Extraction,Melanoma,Skin cancer
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29