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- 2018
- electromagnetic pulse
- cell proliferation
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- Intelligent Medical Engineering
- V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical And Power Engineering (EPE) - Iasi, Romania (2018.10.18-2018.10.19)] 2018 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical And Power Engineering (EPE) - Advanced Image Processing in Support of THz Imaging for Early Detection of Gastric Cancer
摘要： Gastric tumors are still late diagnosed and represent min. 17% of cases leading to metastasis. The ability to visualize the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract in detail is a requisite for early detection of dysplasia and cancer. Although techniques such as chromoendoscopy, high resolution and magnification endoscopy, narrow band imaging, auto-fluorescence imaging improve the visualization and detection of mucosal lesions, biopsy of the targeted lesion must still be performed for a formal histological diagnosis of cellular and architectural atypical.
关键词： gastric cancer,image processing,THz imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Light-responsive nanoparticles based on new polycarbonate polymers as innovative drug delivery systems for photosensitizers in PDT
摘要： Nanoparticles based on biodegradable polymers are well-known as approved carrier systems for a diversity of drugs. Despite their advantages, such as the option of an active drug targeting or the physicochemical protection of instable payloads, the controlled drug release often underlies intra- and interindividual influences and is therefore difficult to predict. To circumvent this limitation, the release behavior can be optimized using light-responsive materials for the nanoparticle preparation. The resulting light-responsive nanoparticles are able to release the embedded drug after an external light-stimulus, thereby increasing efficacy and safety of the therapy. In the present study light-responsive self-immolative polymers were used for the nanoparticle manufacturing. Light-responsive polycarbonates (LrPC) as well as PEGylated LrPC (LrPC-PEG) were synthesized via ring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate-based monomers and fully physico-chemically characterized. Light-responsive nano formulations were obtained by blending LrPC or (LrPC-PEG) with the FDA-approved polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic-acid) (PLGA). The nanoparticles were loaded with the photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC). The light-induced nanoparticle degradation was analyzed as well as the drug release behavior with and without illumination. Furthermore, biological safety of the degradation products was investigated in an in vitro cell culture study.
关键词： light-responsive polymers,Nanoparticles,intestinal cancer,photodynamic therapy,poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Plasmoelectronic-Based Ultrasensitive Assay of Tumor Suppressor microRNAs Directly in Patient Plasma: Design of Highly Specific Early Cancer Diagnostic Technology
摘要： It is becoming understood that microRNAs hold great promise for non-invasive liquid biopsies for screening for different types of cancer, but current state-of-the-art RT-PCR and microarray techniques have sensitivity limitations that currently restrict their use. Herein, we report a new transduction mechanism involving delocalization of photoexcited conduction electrons wavefunction of gold triangular nanoprism (Au TNP) in the presence of -ssDNA/microRNA duplexes. This plasmoelectronic effect increases the electronic dimension of Au TNPs and substantially affects their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties that together allow us to achieve a sensitivity for microRNA assay as low as 140 zeptomolar concentrations for our nanoplasmonic sensors. We show that the position of a single base-pair mismatch in the -ssDNA/microRNA duplex dramatically alters the LSPR properties and detection sensitivity. The unprecedentedly high sensitivity of nanoplasmonic sensors has allowed us to assay four different microRNAs (microRNA-10b, -182, -143 and -145) from bladder cancer patient plasma (50 μL/sample). For the first time, we demonstrate the utility of a label-free, nanoplasmonic sensor in quantification of tumor suppressor microRNAs - the level of tumor suppressor microRNAs goes down in cancer patient as compared to normal healthy individuals - in metastatic and non-metastatic bladder cancer patient plasma. Our statistical analysis of patient samples unequivocally suggests that the tumor suppressor microRNAs are more specific biomarkers (p-value of <0.0001) than oncogenic microRNAs for differentiation between metastatic and non-metastatic bladder cancer, and non-metastatic cancer from healthy individuals. This work demonstrating the electron wavefunctions delocalization dependent ultrasensitive LSPR properties of noble metal nanoparticles has a great potential for fabrication of miniaturized and extremely powerful sensors to investigate microRNA properties in other cancers (for example breast, lung, and pancreatic) through liquid biopsy.
关键词： nanoplasmonic sensors,ultrasensitive detection,microRNAs,LSPR,liquid biopsy,bladder cancer,plasmoelectronic effect
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Seasonal Minimum and Maximum Solar Ultraviolet Exposure Measurements of Classroom Teachers residing in Tropical North Queensland, Australia
摘要： The risk of keratinocyte skin cancer, malignant melanoma and ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced eye disease is disproportionately higher in Australia and New Zealand compared to equivalent northern hemisphere latitudes. While many teachers are aware of the importance of reinforcing sun-safety messages to students, many may not be aware of the considerable personal exposure risk while performing outdoor duties in locations experiencing high to extreme ambient-UVR year-round. Personal erythemally-effective exposure of classroom teachers in tropical Townsville (19.3o S) was measured to establish seasonal extremes in exposure behavior. Mean daily personal exposure was higher in winter (91.2 J m-2, 0.91 Standard Erythema Dose (SED)) than summer (63.3 J m-2, 0.63 SED). The range of exposures represent personal exposures that approximate current national guidelines for Australian workers at the study latitude of approximately 1.2 SED (30 J m-2 effective to the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection). Similar proportions of teachers spent more than 1 hour outdoors per day in winter (28.6%) and summer (23.6%) as part of their teaching duties with seasonal differences having little effect on the time of exposure. Personal exposures for teachers peaked during both seasons near school meal-break times at 11:00 am and 1:00 pm respectively.
关键词： Teachers,Occupation,Ultraviolet,Dosimetry,Skin cancer
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A self-illuminating nanoparticle for inflammation imaging and cancer therapy
摘要： Nanoparticles have been extensively used for inflammation imaging and photodynamic therapy of cancer. However, the major translational barriers to most nanoparticle-based imaging and therapy applications are the limited depth of tissue penetration, inevitable requirement of external irradiation, and poor biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. To overcome these critical limitations, we synthesized a sensitive, specific, biodegradable luminescent nanoparticle that is self-assembled from an amphiphilic polymeric conjugate with a luminescent donor (luminol) and a fluorescent acceptor [chlorin e6 (Ce6)] for in vivo luminescence imaging and photodynamic therapy in deep tissues. Mechanistically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and myeloperoxidase generated in inflammatory sites or the tumor microenvironment trigger bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and the production of singlet oxygen (1O2) from the nanoparticle, enabling in vivo imaging and cancer therapy, respectively. This self-illuminating nanoparticle shows an excellent in vivo imaging capability with suitable tissue penetration and resolution in diverse animal models of inflammation. It is also proven to be a selective, potent, and safe antitumor nanomedicine that specifically kills cancer cells via in situ 1O2 produced in the tumor microenvironment, which contains a high level of ROS.
关键词： photodynamic therapy,cancer therapy,inflammation imaging,reactive oxygen species,myeloperoxidase,bioluminescence resonance energy transfer,nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Photothermal Ablation of Cancer Cells by Albumin-Modified Gold Nanorods and Activation of Dendritic Cells
摘要： Nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy has been widely studied for cancer treatment. It is important to disclose how photothermally ablated tumor cells trigger immune responses. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated gold nanorods (BSA-coated AuNRs) were prepared and used for photothermal ablation of breast tumor cells. The BSA-coated AuNRs showed high photothermal conversion efficiency and good photothermal ablation effect towards tumor cells. The ablated tumor cells were co-cultured with immature dendritic cells (DCs) through a direct cell contacting model and diffusion model to confirm the stimulatory effects of cell–cell interaction and soluble factors released from ablated tumor cells. The results indicated that photothermally ablated tumor cells induced immune-stimulatory responses of DCs through both cell–cell interaction and soluble factors. The results should be useful for synergistic photothermal-immunotherapy of primary and metastatic cancer.
关键词： gold nanorods,cellular uptake,photothermal ablation,cancer therapy,photothermal therapy,immune responses
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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In Search for Optimal Targets for Intraoperative Fluorescence Imaging of Peritoneal Metastasis From Colorectal Cancer
摘要： Peritoneal metastasis (PM) occurs in about 10% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Fluorescence imaging can enhance contrast between cancerous and benign tissue, enabling the surgeon to clearly visualize PM during cytoreductive surgery. This study assessed the suitability of different biomarkers as potential targets for tumor-targeted imaging of PM of CRC. Tissue samples from primary tumor and PM from patients with CRC were obtained from the pathology archives and immunohistochemical stainings were performed. Overexpression of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was seen in 100% of PM samples and the expression was strong in >70% of samples. Tyrosine-kinase Met (C-Met) and folate receptor α overexpression was seen in 20% of PM samples. For successful application of tumor-targeted intraoperative fluorescence imaging of PM, biomarkers need to be identified. We demonstrated that both EpCAM and CEA are suitable targets for fluorescence imaging of PM in patients with CRC.
关键词： peritoneal metastasis,biomarkers,colorectal cancer,metastasis,Image-guided surgery,fluorescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Randomized prospective phase III trial of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT molecular imaging for prostate cancer salvage radiotherapy planning [PSMA-SRT]
摘要： Background: Salvage radiotherapy (SRT) for prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence after prostatectomy offers long-term biochemical control in about 50–60% of patients. SRT is commonly initiated in patients with serum PSA levels < 1 ng/mL, a threshold at which standard-of-care imaging is insensitive for detecting recurrence. As such, SRT target volumes are usually drawn in the absence of radiographically visible disease. 68Ga-PSMA-11 (PSMA) PET/CT molecular imaging is highly sensitive and may offer anatomic localization of PCa biochemical recurrence. However, it is unclear if incorporation of PSMA PET/CT imaging into the planning of SRT could improve its likelihood of success. The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the success rate of SRT for recurrence of PCa after prostatectomy with and without planning based on PSMA PET/CT. Methods: We will randomize 193 patients to proceed with standard SRT (control arm 1, n = 90) or undergo a PSMA PET/CT scan (free of charge for patients) prior to SRT planning (investigational arm 2, n = 103). The primary endpoint is the success rate of SRT measured as biochemical progression-free survival (BPFS) after initiation of SRT. Biochemical progression is defined by PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/mL and rising. The randomization ratio of 1:1.13 is based on the assumption that approximately 13% of subjects randomized to Arm 2 will not be treated with SRT because of PSMA-positive extra-pelvic metastases. These patients will not be included in the primary endpoint analysis but will still be followed. The choice of treating the prostate bed alone vs prostate bed and pelvic lymph nodes, with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), is selected by the treating radiation oncologist. The radiation oncologist may change the radiation plan depending on the findings of the PSMA PET/CT scan. Any other imaging is allowed for SRT planning in both arms if done per routine care. Patients will be followed until either one of the following conditions occur: 5 years after the date of initiation of randomization, biochemical progression, diagnosis of metastatic disease, initiation of any additional salvage therapy, death. Discussion: This is the first randomized phase 3 prospective trial designed to determine whether PSMA PET/CT molecular imaging can improve outcomes in patients with PCa early BCR following radical prostatectomy. Acronym: PSMA-SRT Phase 3 trial.
关键词： Randomized phase 3 trial,PET/CT,Prostate cancer,PSMA,Salvage radiation therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Hybrid technique for the detection of suspicious lesions in digital mammograms
摘要： This paper presents an efficient system for the detection of suspicious lesions in mammograms. The proposed detection system consists of three steps. In the first step, an efficient pre-processing technique is developed using Top-Hat morphological filter and NL means filter. In the second step, threshold selection procedure is developed using a combination of Fuzzy C-means (FCM), gradient magnitude (GM), and intensity contrast (IC). Finally, computed threshold is used to extract the suspicious lesions in mammograms. The Free Response Operating Characteristics (FROC) curve is used to assess the performance of the proposed system. Proposed system achieved the sensitivity of 93.8% at the rate of 0.51 false positives per image.
关键词： breast cancer,segmentation,computer-aided diagnosis,fuzzy C-means,mammograms
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Investigation on ROI size and location to classify mammograms
摘要： Breast cancer is the major cause of death among women and early detection can lead to a longer survival. Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system helps radiologists in the accurate detection of breast cancer. In medical images a Region of Interest (ROI) is a portion of image which carries the important information related to the diagnosis and it forms the basis for applying shape and texture techniques for cancer detection. Several ROI sizes and locations have been proposed for computer aided diagnosis systems. In the present work various ROI sizes have been used to determine the appropriate ROI size to classify fatty and dense mammograms. Two types of mammograms i.e. fatty and dense are used from the MIAS database. Various texture features have been determined from each ROI size for the analysis of texture characteristics. Fisher discriminant ratio is used to select the most relevant features for classification. Finally linear SVM is used for the purpose of classification. Highest classification accuracy of 96.1% was achieved for ROI size 200×200 pixels.
关键词： classification,breast cancer,digital mammograms,breast tissue,ROI,feature selection
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29