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Fabrication of nickel oxide composites with carbon nanotubes for enhanced charge transport in planar perovskite solar cells
摘要： As the conductivity of metal oxides is often insufficient for use in inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs), a hybrid hole transporter consisting of carbon nanotube (CNT)-embedded nickel oxide (NiOx) is suggested to enhance the conductivity. Fully solution-processed NiOx/CNT composites are prepared by introducing CNTs (0–20 vol.%) into a NiOx solution. Raman spectroscopy confirms successful incorporation of the CNTs in the NiOx-based hybrid material. Also, enhanced conductivity of NiOx by introducing CNTs is confirmed by conductance measurement and conductive atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, the enhanced charge extraction properties of the NiOx/CNTs hybrid are evidenced by transient photocurrent, steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals a reduction in charge recombination when the hybrid material is used as the hole transport layer (HTL) in PSCs. Interestingly, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs is increased from 13.1% to 15.1% by applying this hybrid HTL. The best-performing cell, using NiOx/CNTs (7.5 vol.%), exhibits a PCE of up to 16.9%. This unprecedented HTL provides a fundamental method for enhancing the performance of inorganic charge transporters for solution-processed inverted planar PSCs.
关键词： carbon nanotube,perovskite,solar cell,charge transport,nickel oxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Toward efficient polymer solar cells with thick bulk heterojunction by introducing iridium complex as an aggregation reshaping auxiliary
摘要： The morphology control of thick bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) is an important factor to determine their power conversion efficiency (PCE). Particularly, during the building of phase separation, aggregation morphology plays a prominent role in the control of both horizonal and vertical gradient distribution of donor/acceptor (D/A) in thick BHJ. In this work, we introduced a novel iridium complex of (tfmppy)2Ir(tpip) into the active layer of PffBT4T-2OD: PC71BM as an “aggregation reshaping auxiliary” to form a long and narrow aggregation shape in both horizontal and vertical directions. Through characterizing the morphology of active layer in details, it was found that the combination of 5% (tfmppy)2Ir(tpip) assists PffBT4T-2OD aggregation shape with a 1: 2.5 aspect ratio while maintaining high crystallinity. In addition, the results showed that the (tfmppy)2Ir(tpip) facilitates efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport because of increased contacting area of D/A interface. As a result, the short circuit current (JSC) and fill factor (FF) performances were both improved contemporaneously, leading to a 20.3% enhancement in PCE.
关键词： Charge transport,Polymer solar cells,Thick bulk heterojunction,Aggregation reshaping auxiliary,Iridium complex
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Ligand-Assisted Formation of Graphene/Quantum Dot Monolayers with Improved Morphological and Electrical Properties
摘要： Hybrid nanomaterials based on graphene and PbS quantum dots (QDs) have demonstrated promising applications in optoelectronics. However, the formation of high-quality large-area hybrid films remains technologically challenging. Here, we demonstrate that ligand-assisted self-organization of covalently bonded PbS QDs and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) can be utilized for the formation of highly uniform monolayers. After the post-deposition ligand exchange, these films demonstrated high conductivity and photoresponse. The obtained films demonstrate a remarkable improvement in morphology and charge transport compared to those obtained by the spin-coating method. It is expected that these materials might find a range of applications in photovoltaics and optoelectronics.
关键词： graphene,self-assembly,charge transport,spectroscopy,monolayers,quantum dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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3a??Dimensional Charge Transport Pathway in Organic Solar Cells via Incorporation of Discotic Liquid Crystal Columns
摘要： 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaacetoxytriphenylene (HATP) as a discotic liquid crystals with high mobility can aggregate into columns structure on PEDOT:PSS in organic solar cells. HATP columns facilitate the formation of 3-dimensional charge transport pathway, which increase the intermolecular charge transport and mobility. Additionally, the triplet exciton, trap state and bimolecular recombination is suppressed. Thus, the JSC is increased significantly for (non-) fullerene system.
关键词： discotic liquid crystal,organic solar cells,mobility,columnar structure,3-dimensional charge transport
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Selective UV Absorbance of Copper Chalcogenide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Illumination Durability in Perovskite Photovoltaics
摘要： The inherent optical and electrical properties of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) give them high potential applicability in advanced energy devices. In this study, PEDOT:PSS was remodeled with aqueous synthesized copper-based chalcogenide NPs, and the novel properties were demonstrated. Raman spectra were used to analyze the changes in intrinsic binding of PEDOT:PSS and derive the main peak shift. X-ray diffraction spectral analysis showed that a photoactive layer stably formed on PEDOT:PSS with or without NPs. Perovskite photovoltaics (PPV) were fabricated with the remodeled PEDOT:PSS as the hole transport layer, and the electrical properties were evaluated. The charge factor and power conversion efficiency were higher in the NP-based PPVs than in the reference PEDOT:PSS devices. The charge behavior in the NP-based PPVs was investigated, and the following were identified: (1) improved device drive characteristics with photocurrent vs internal voltage, (2) tenfold increase in the hole mobility of the hole-only devices, (3) optimized efficiency in the photo-generated exciton dissociation test, and (4) improved charge transport resistance based on the impedance spectrum. The inherent optical properties of the NPs were examined in an illumination-durability test of the perovskite material without encapsulation. Under continuous light exposure, PPV in NP-based devices showed better electrical stability than in the reference devices. Field-effect scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that perovskite particles in the NP-based samples have advanced morphological stability compared to the reference samples. Thus, integrating NPs is an efficient strategy for fabricating advanced PPVs with improved device efficiency and illumination-durability, in a more cost-effective and eco-friendly manner.
关键词： illumination durability,PEDOT:PSS modification/reforming effect,charge transport,copper-based chalcogenide NPs,perovskite photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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MoS <sub/>2</sub> Assisted Self-Assembled Poly (3-hexylthiophene) Thin Films at Air/Liquid Interface for High-Performance Field-Effect Transistors under Ambient Condition
摘要： It is a key challenge to achieve long-range ordering in nanoscale morphology of π-conjugated polymers for efficient charge transport in organic electronic devices. The long-range ordering and aggregation in poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) has been accomplished by introducing two dimensional (2D) Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets in polymer matrix followed by ultrasonication in chloroform. Thin films of synthesized P3HT/MoS2 nanocomposites having various fractions of MoS2 in the P3HT matrix have been fabricated on the air/liquid interface. The UV visible absorption spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the nature of aggregation and exciton bandwidth in the resultant films deposited at the air/liquid interface. Moreover, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM), reveal the long-range ordering and highly crystalline thin films with the edge-on orientation of polymer chains over the substrate. Further, the impact of aggregation, morphology, and orientation on macroscopic charge transport performance is elaborately estimated by fabricating organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The hole mobility as high as 0.160 ± 0.007 cm2V-1s-1, has been achieved for P3HT/MoS2 (1%) nanocomposite under ambient condition.
关键词： organic field-effect transistors,MoS2,π-conjugated polymers,nanocomposites,P3HT,charge transport
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Nanostructuring Confinement for Controllable Interfacial Charge Transfer
摘要： Carbon nanostructures supported semiconductors are common in photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical applications, as it is expected that the nanoconductors can improve the spatial separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers. Transfer of charge carriers through the carbon-semiconductor interface is the key electronic process, which determines the role of charge separation channels, and is sensitively influenced by band structures of the semiconductor near the contacts. Usually, this electronic process suffers from excessive energy dissipation by thermionic emission, which will undesirably prevent the interfacial charge transfer and eventually aggravate the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Unfortunately, this critical issue has hardly been consciously considered. Here, ultrathin dopant-free tunneling interlayers coated on the surface of graphene and sandwiched between the carbon sheets and the semiconductor nanostructures are adopted as a model system to demonstrate energy saving for the interfacial charge transfer. The nanostructuring confinement of band bending within the ultrathin interlayers in contact with the graphene sheets effectively narrows the width of the potential barriers, which enables tunneling of a substantial number of photogenerated electrons to the co-catalysts without unduly consuming energy. Besides, the dopant-free tunneling interlayers simultaneously block the transferred electrons in the sandwiched graphene sheets from leakage.
关键词： nanostructuring confinement,thermionic emission,electron tunneling,charge transfer,charge transport
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Theoretical study on the charge transport properties of three series dicyanomethylene quinoidal thiophene derivatives
摘要： It is very important to analyse the most advantageous connection style for quinoidal thiophene derivatives, which are used in n-type organic semiconductor transport materials. In the present work, the charge transport properties of three series of quinoidal thiophene derivatives, oligothiophene (series A), thienothiophene (series B) and benzothiophene (series C), are systematically investigated by employing the full quantum charge transfer theory combined with kinetic Monte-Carlo simulation. The single crystal structures of the molecules we constructed were predicted using the USPEX program combined with density functional theory (DFT) and considering the dispersion corrected. Our theoretical results expounded that how the different connection styles, including oligo-, thieno-, benzo- thiophene in the quinoidal thiophenes derivatives, effectively tune their electronic structures, and revealed that how their intermolecular interactions affect the molecular packing patterns and hence their charge transport properties by symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT). In the meanwhile we also elucidated the role of end-cyano groups in noncovalent interactions. Furthermore, it is clarified that the quinoidal thiophene derivatives show excellent carrier transport properties due to their optimal molecular stacking motifs and larger electronic couplings besides low energy gap. In addition, our theoretical results demonstrate that quinoidal oligothiophene derivatives (n=3~5) with more thiophene rings will have ambipolar transport properties, quinoidal thienothiophene and benzothiophene derivatives should be promising alternatives as n-type OSC. When we focused only on the electronic transport properties in the three series of molecules, quinoidal benzothiophene derivatives are slightly better than quinoidal oligothiophene and thienothiophene derivatives.
关键词： Crystal structure prediction,Dicyanomethylene quinoidal thiophene,N-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors,Charge transport property,Intermolecular interactions
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Organic crystalline materials in flexible electronics
摘要： Flexible electronics have attracted considerable attention recently given their potential to revolutionize human lives. High-performance organic crystalline materials (OCMs) are considered strong candidates for next-generation flexible electronics such as displays, image sensors, and artificial skin. They not only have great advantages in terms of flexibility, molecular diversity, low-cost, solution processability, and inherent compatibility with flexible substrates, but also show less grain boundaries with minimal defects, ensuring excellent and uniform electronic characteristics. Meanwhile, OCMs also serve as a powerful tool to probe the intrinsic electronic and mechanical properties of organics and reveal the flexible device physics for further guidance for flexible materials and device design. While the past decades have witnessed huge advances in OCM-based flexible electronics, this review is intended to provide a timely overview of this fascinating field. First, the crystal packing, charge transport, and assembly protocols of OCMs are introduced. State-of-the-art construction strategies for aligned/patterned OCM on/into flexible substrates are then discussed in detail. Following this, advanced OCM-based flexible devices and their potential applications are highlighted. Finally, future directions and opportunities for this field are proposed, in the hope of providing guidance for future research.
关键词： Device fabrication,Flexible electronics,Organic crystalline materials,Charge transport,Applications
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Polymeric iodobismuthates {[Bi <sub/>3</sub> I <sub/>10</sub> ]} and {[BiI <sub/>4</sub> ]} with N-heterocyclic cations: promising perovskite-like photoactive materials for electronic devices
摘要： A screening of the reactions between BiI3 and iodide salts of different N-alkylated heterocycles (pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline) resulted in the preparation and structural characterization of six novel iodobismuthate complexes, including two compounds exhibiting an unprecedented {[Bi3I10]} polymeric moiety. It has been shown that the chemical composition and structure of the iodobismuthates significantly affect their optical and electronic properties. The narrowest band gaps (Eg) were revealed by {[Bi3I10]} iodobismuthates, while the compounds incorporating {[BiI4]} polymeric frameworks showed 0.2–0.3 eV wider Eg. GIXRD analysis evidenced that all three iodobismuthates investigated in thin films show mainly the horizontal (parallel to the substrate) orientation of the 1D polymeric Bi–I frameworks. Such arrangement blocks the charge transport in vertical direction (orthogonal to the substrate) since the conductive Bi–I chains are separated with insulating bulky organic cations. As a consequence, standard planar junction solar cells based on new iodobismuthates revealed low power conversion efficiencies approaching 0.12% only. However, strong in-plane photoconductivity observed for iodobismuthates enabled the fabrication of efficient planar photodetectors, which paves a way to the practical use of this exotic family of materials. Most importantly, the presented systematic study revealed the most general guidelines for future rational design of perovskite-like materials for emerging generation of environment-friendly perovskite photovoltaics emphasizing the importance of the isotropic charge transport in the films of 3D materials and achieving proper orientation of 1D and 2D frameworks with respect to the charge collecting electrodes in anisotropic low dimensional systems.
关键词： photodetectors,perovskite-like materials,iodobismuthates,structural characterization,charge transport,photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36