Photovoltaic Modules (Technology and Reliability) || 9. Loads for PV Modules

摘要： Like for all technical products operating outdoors, the materials used in PV modules are exposed to loads influencing their performance and causing degradation effects. Since for PV modules service life times of 20, 25, or even more years are expected the investigation of degradation effects, and relevant loads and stress factors is of special importance. The loads can be categorized into external loads by weather and internal loads which can be related to the operation of the PV module itself. This chapter lists the most important load factors and describes their most relevant properties and influences.