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Investigating the features of color laser marking process of galvanic chrome plating in order to create a controlled color image formation at given marking
摘要： The article is devoted to the problems of laser marking of metal surfaces. The factors affecting the color formation during laser processing are considered. To assess the degree of influence of the material thermophysical characteristics on the final result, samples with different properties were used: steel and brass. In order to exclude the influence of other factors on the result, besides the material characteristics, the samples were chrome-plated to obtain the same thickness of the chromium layer. Samples were processed with the same laser parameters and the same marking modes. The results of the experiment showed the formation of various colors on the treated surface, which proves the influence of the thermophysical characteristics of the material being processed on the formation of the color gamma during laser processing.
关键词： Color laser marking,Laser,Chrome steel,Chrome,Laser processing,Chrome-plated brass
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effects of laser processing conditions on wettability and proliferation of Saos-2 cells on CoCrMo alloy surfaces
摘要： Any processing disturbances in laser surface texturing (LST) could compromise the resulting surface topography and their desired functional response. Disturbances such as focal plane offsets and beam incident angle variations are always present in LST processing of 3D parts and can affect the surface morphology. In this research the effects of these laser processing disturbances in producing laser induced surface structures (LIPSS) on CoCrMo alloy substrates were investigated. In particular, these two disturbances were considered as laser processing variables to determine their effects on functional responses of LIPSS treated surfaces, i.e. surface wettability and the proliferation of Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells were evaluated. It was found that the changes of laser processing conditions led to a decrease in surface wettability and Saos-2 cells proliferation. In addition, a correlation between surface wettability and cell proliferation on LIPSS treated surface was identified and conclusions made about the effects of investigated process disturbances on the functional response of LIPSS treated CoCrMo substrates.
关键词： cobalt chrome molybdenum,surface functionalization,laser induced periodic surface structures,osseointegration,laser surface texturing
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Functional Vision with X Chrome Lenses
摘要： Purpose: To implement x chrome lens in children Methods: A pilot, cross sectional study was performed in the tertiary eye centre during the period of 1 year. Functional vision like Visual Acuity, Contrast Sensitivity, Stereopsis and color vision of 10 existing x chrome soft contact lenses users were analyzed with and without lenses. Results: Visual functions were compared statistically using paired t test with SPSS 20 software. Negligible change observed in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity with p value of 0.015 and 0.010 respectively. No change is observed in stereopsis. Ishihara shows normal color vision with x chrome lenses while D-15 test shows reduction in severity of color vision deficiency. Conclusions: If X chrome color contact lenses are implemented during child’s learning period, it will eliminate many of the academic challenges that are faced with color coded learning and teaching materials and improve their quality for many recreational activities.
关键词： Pediatrics,Color vision,X chrome contact lens
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Atomic layer etching of chrome using ion beams
摘要： In this study, two Cr atomic layer etching (ALE) methods have been applied for the precise control of Cr etching. The first one involves O radical adsorption followed by Cl+ ion desorption (ALE with chemical ion desorption; chemical anisotropic ALE), and the second one involves Cl/O radical adsorption followed by Ar+ ion desorption (ALE with physical ion desorption; physical anisotropic ALE). Their effects on Cr etch characteristics were also investigated. For both the ALE methods, saturated Cr etch depth/cycle of 1.1 and 1.5 ? /cycle were obtained for the chemical and physical anisotropic ALE, respectively, while maintaining near-infinite etch selectivities with various Si-based materials like silicon, silicon dioxide, and silicon nitride. The ALE technique can be used to precisely control the thickness of materials, including metals such as Cr, without any surface damage.
关键词： etch selectivity,adsorption,atomic layer etching,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,ion beam,chrome
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14