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- 实验方案
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Circular Semi-Quantum Secret Sharing Using Single Particles
摘要： Semi-quantum secret sharing (SQSS) is an important branch of semi-quantum cryptography, and di?ers from quantum secret sharing (QSS) in that not all parties are required to possess quantum capabilities. All previous SQSS protocols have three common features: (i) they adopt product states or entangled states as initial quantum resource; (ii) the particles prepared by quantum party are transmitted in a tree-type way; and (iii) they require the classical parties to possess the measurement capability. In this paper, two circular SQSS protocols with single particles are suggested, where the ?rst one requires the classical parties to possess the measurement capability while the second one does not have this requirement. Compared with the previous SQSS protocols, the proposed SQSS protocols have some distinct features: (i) they adopt single particles rather than product states or entangled states as initial quantum resource; (ii) the particles prepared by quantum party are transmitted in a circular way; and (iii) the second protocol releases the classical parties from the measurement capability. The proposed SQSS protocols are robust against some famous attacks from an eavesdropper, such as the measure-resend attack, the intercept-resend attack and the entangle-measure attack, and are feasible with present quantum technologies in reality.
关键词： semi-quantum cryptography,semi-quantum secret sharing,measurement capability,circular transmission,single particles
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Nondestructive Contact Resistivity Measurements on Solar Cells Using the Circular Transmission Line Method
摘要： The contact resistivity (ρc) of screen-printed contacts is a significant component of series resistance in industrial solar cells. Measuring ρc with standard techniques, such as the transmission line method (TLM), requires that the custom printed test structures be isolated from the device. In this article, we present a method for measuring ρc on solar cells using the circular TLM (cTLM), where the test structures are hidden within the busbars of the solar cell. This alleviates the need for the test structure to be isolated from the device, allowing for the fast and nondestructive measurement of ρc without causing additional shading on the cell. These measurements are performed with a semiautomatic tool, the ContactSpot-PRO, used for the accurate and systematic measurement of the ρc on the cTLM structures. Our results show that the cTLM technique compares well to the linear TLM technique on several samples fired through a range of temperatures. However, numerical models generated using Quokka3 and scanning electron microscopy images indicate that structural differences in screen-printed TLM and cTLM structures affect the actual contact resistivity of each pattern. The numerical models also show how nonuniform sheet resistance beneath and in-between the printed contacts can affect the measured ρc when using both the TLM and cTLM.
关键词： screen-printed contacts,circular transmission line method,nondestructive measurement,contact resistivity,solar cells
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04