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Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Rivaroxaban and Clopidogrel in Their Binary Mixture
摘要： Three rapid, accurate and very simple derivative spectrophotometric methods for RIV and CLP assay in their binary mixture and tablet dosage forms were developed. Method (I) is first derivative spectrophotometric method, derivative amplitudes were measured at the zero crossing wavelength of 289 and 249.5 nm for estimation of RIV and CLP, respectively. The linearity is over the range 2.0 - 20.0 μg/ml for RIV and 5.0 - 60.0 μg/ml for CLP with LOD of 0.211 and 0.361 μg mL-1 and LOQ of 0.641 and 1.095 μg mL-1 for RIV and CLP, respectively. Method (II) is ratio derivative spectrophotometric method. The ratio spectra of each drug were derived by dividing its spectra on a constant concentration of the other drug as a divisor. Derivative amplitudes were measured at 256 nm for RIV and at 214.5 nm for CLP over the same linearity range as the first method with LOD of 0.137 and 0.485 μg mL-1 and LOQ of 0.417 and 1.471 μg mL-1 for RIV and CLP, respectively. Method (III) is absorbance ratio method, absorbance of both drugs were recorded at two wavelengths λ1 (232) iso-absorptive point and λ2 (249) λmax of RIV. The final concentrations were obtained by applying the Q equations. The method was linear over the same concentration range as the first method with LOD of 0.272 and 0.485 μg mL-1 and LOQ of 0.826 and 1.471 μg mL-1 for RIV and CLP, respectively. The proposed methods were validated as per ICH guidelines. The proposed methods were successfully applied to both drugs analysis in their laboratory prepared co formulated tablet. Statistical comparison of the obtained results with those of the reference method show good agreement and confirm that there were no significant difference in the accuracy and precision between the proposed and reference one respectively.
关键词： Rivaroxaban (RIV),Clopidogrel (CLP),Spectrophotometric methods,Binary mixture
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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12.5: A Depletion‐mode Compatible Gate Driver on Array for a‐IGZO TFT‐OLED Displays
摘要： Background and purpose: Studies suggest that smoking affects clopidogrel efficacy. However, whether it influences the association between CYP2C19 genetic variants and clopidogrel efficacy is not clear. Methods: In total, 2961 patients from the CHANCE trial were involved in this substudy and were successfully genotyped for two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP2C19 (*2 and *3). The Cox proportional risk regression model was used to evaluate the interactions between CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 carrier status and clopidogrel efficacy stratified by smoking status. Results: There were marginal significant interactions between CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 allele carrier status and antiplatelet treatment regimen for the risk of recurrent stroke and composite events (P = 0.054, P = 0.051, respectively) amongst smokers, but not in non-smokers. Amongst smokers, clopidogrel plus aspirin decreased the recurrence rate of stroke compared with aspirin alone in non-carriers (3.8% vs. 11.8%, hazard ratio 0.32, 95% confidence interval 0.15–0.65, P = 0.002), but not in carriers. Similar results were also found for the recurrence rate of composite events in smokers. No significant difference was found for hemorrhage events in any group. Conclusions: Amongst patients with minor stroke or transient ischaemic attack, marginal significant interactions between CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 allele carrier status and clopidogrel efficacy were found in smokers but not in non-smokers. Amongst smokers, clopidogrel plus aspirin might decrease the recurrence rate of stroke in non-carriers of *2 and *3 alleles of CYP2C19 compared with aspirin alone. However, caution should be taken to interpret our findings in view of several limitations in our study.
关键词： minor stroke,CYP2C19,smoking,antiplatelet,clopidogrel,TIA
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04