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Electrochromic device with Magnetron sputtered Tungsten Oxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) and nafion membrane: performance with varying Tungsten Oxide thickness- A report
摘要： Electrochromics is the emerging technology for energy conservation and indoor climatic control through smart windows. In this study we are reporting four layer electrochromic device: ITO (400nm)/ commercially procured Nafion (183μm) / WO3 (44nm to 200nm)/ ITO (400nm). The active area (A) of the electrochromic devices are 3cm2. The tungsten oxide (WO3) and ITO thin films have been deposited at room temperature (300 K) by reactive DC Magnetron sputtering. The sheet resistance of ITO is 20 ?/□. The “as deposited” WO3 films are amorphous and have high optical transmission (75%- 85%) in the visible spectrum. The optical band gap decreases with increasing thickness of WO3 thin films. The coloration efficiency (CE) of the electrochromic device increases with increasing thickness of the WO3 layer. The CE for the device with WO3 thickness 200 nm is 184 cm2/C: the highest reported so far for a hybrid electrochromic device. The increase in the CE with thickness has been explained (for the first time) by replacing the surface charge density (Q/A) with the volume charge density (Q/A*t) in the coloration efficiency formula derived from the Beer Lambert’s law.
关键词： coloration efficiency,electrochromism,nafion and Magnetron sputtering.,Tungsten oxide
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:35
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Soluble high coloration efficiency electrochromic polymers based on (N-phenyl)carbazole, triphenylamine and 9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene
摘要： Here, we synthesized four kinds of monomers of 3,6-dibromo-(N-phenyl)carbazole with different substituent group, DCB, DDC, DNC and DTC, respectively, and used 4-(3-bromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzaldehyde to react with triphenylamine (TPA) unit and hydrazine hydrate unit, respectively, to obtain the other two monomers, BCB-TPA and BCB-HH. Six novel polymers coded as PDCB-DF, PDDC-DF, PDNC-DF, PDCB-DTC-DF, PBCB-TPA-DF and PBCB-HH-DF, were synthesized by Suzuki reactions of 2,2'-(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis(1,3,2-dioxaborinane) with the six kinds of monomers and their electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties were investigated. The polymers showed good solubility and film-forming ability. Flexible or robust films of them could be readily obtained via solution-casting. These polymers showed the onset temperatures in the range of 300–470 °C when the 10% weight loss of polymers. The polymer films showed high coloration efficiency (CE) (196-376 cm2·C?1) and electrochromic stability. These properties illustrate that the polymers have great application prospect as electrochromic materials.
关键词： Electrochromic stability,Coloration efficiency,Spectroelectrochemical,Polymers
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14