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Preparation of Highly Porous Carbonous Electrodes by Selective Laser Sintering
摘要： Selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing was utilized to fabricate highly porous carbonous electrodes. The electrodes were prepared by using a mixture of fine graphite powder and either polyamide-12, polystyrene, or polyurethane polymer powder as SLS printing material. During the printing process the graphite powder was dispersed uniformly on the supporting polymer matrix. Graphite’s concentration in the mixture was varied between 5 and 40 wt % to find the correlation between the carbon content and conductivity. The graphite concentration, polymer matrix, and printing conditions all had an impact on the final conductivity. Due to the SLS printing technique, all the 3D printed electrodes were highly porous. By using polyurethane as the supporting matrix it was possible to produce flexible electrodes in which the conductivity is sensitive to pressure and mechanical stress. Physical properties such as graphite distribution, attachment, and the overall porosity of the printed electrodes were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), helium ion microscopy (HIM), and X-ray tomography. The results show that the combination of chemical design of the printing material and the utilization of SLS 3D printing enables fabrication of highly customizable electrodes with desired chemical, physical, mechanical, and flow-through properties.
关键词： conductivity,graphite,3D printing,selective laser sintering,porous electrodes
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Improving Performance of Non-fullerene Organic Solar Cells over 13% by Employing Silver Nanowires Doped PEDOT:PSS Composite Interface
摘要： Ag NWs/PEDOT:PSS composite was prepared by a facile solution-processing method, and was employed as anode interface in non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). With the presence of Ag NWs (5%, v/v%)/PEDOT:PSS interfacial layer, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 13.53% was achieved based on PBDB-T-2Cl:IT-4F photoactive layer system, much higher than the efficiency of the controlled counterpart device with pristine PEDOT:PSS as anode modifier. Simultaneous enhancements in short-circuit current and fill factor were observed, in comparison to the case of pristine PEDOT:PSS interface, due to the improved electrical conductivity of Ag NWs/PEDOT:PSS composites accompanied by the increased work function for a better matching with ITO counter electrode, which facilitated the increased charge transmission, and the reduced charge recombination at the anode/photoactive interface for the improved device performance. The results clearly revealed that Ag NWs/PEDOT:PSS composite interface is beneficial to improve the charge extraction and in favor of realizing highly efficient non-fullerene OSCs.
关键词： composite interface,electrical conductivity,Ag nanowires,recombination,Non-fullerene organic solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Modifying the nanostructures of PEDOT:PSS/Ti3C2TX composite hole transport layers for highly efficient polymer solar cells
摘要： Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides MXene, typically represented by Ti3C2TX, have shown great promise in optoelectronic devices due to their metallic electrical conductivity, large surface area, superior hydrophilicity and excellent transparency. Herein, to improve the conductivity of polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film, we incorporate solution-processable 2D Ti3C2Tx nanosheets into PEDOT:PSS to fabricate PEDOT:PSS/Ti3C2TX composite layers, and polymer solar cells (PSCs) with PEDOT:PSS/Ti3C2TX composite films as hole transport layers (HTLs) are fabricated for the first time. The nanostructures and the corresponding hole injection properties of PEDOT:PSS/Ti3C2TX composite layers are systematically evaluated. Based on the non-fullerene PBDB-T:ITIC system, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.02% is obtained for the device with PEDOT:PSS/Ti3C2TX as HTL, which is improved by 13.5% than that of the control device with pure PEDOT:PSS as HTL (9.72%). When using the PM6:Y6 system as the active layer, the PCE of the device based on PEDOT:PSS/Ti3C2TX is improved to 14.55% from 13.10% for the PEDOT:PSS reference device. 2D Ti3C2TX nanoflakes with higher conductivity constructing additional charge transfer pathways between the PEDOT nanocrystals and inducing conformational transition of PEDOT from a coil to a liner/expanded-coil structure, leading to the conductivity and device performance improvement. Interestingly, PEDOT:PSS/Ti3C2TX based devices also exhibit enhanced long-term stability than PEDOT:PSS based device. These results show that PEDOT:PSS/Ti3C2TX composite film has a promising prospect in high efficiency organic optoelectronics.
关键词： PEDOT:PSS/Ti3C2Tx composite film,hole injection property,improved conductivity,polymer solar cells,hole transport layer
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Virtual Sensing of Photovoltaic Module Operating Parameters
摘要： The phenomenon of soil salinization in semi-arid regions is getting amplified and accentuated by both anthropogenic practices and climate change. Land salinization mapping and monitoring using conventional strategies are insufficient and difficult. Our work aims to study the potential of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for mapping and monitoring of the spatio-temporal dynamics of soil salinity using interferometry. Our contribution in this paper consists of a statistical relationship that we establish between field salinity measurement and InSAR coherence based on an empirical analysis. For experimental validation, two sites were selected: 1) the region of Mahdia (central Tunisia) and 2) the plain of Tadla (central Morocco). Both sites underwent three ground campaigns simultaneously with three Radarsat-2 SAR image acquisitions. The results show that it is possible to estimate the temporal change in soil electrical conductivity (EC) from SAR images through the InSAR technique. It has been shown that the radar signal is more sensitive to soil salinity in HH polarization using a small incidence angle. However, for the HV polarization, a large angle of incidence is more suitable. This is, under considering the minimal influence of roughness and moisture surfaces, for a given InSAR coherence.
关键词： interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) coherence,polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR),soil salinity,Electrical conductivity (EC)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 2nd British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics (BICOP) - London, United Kingdom (2019.12.11-2019.12.13)] 2019 IEEE 2nd British and Irish Conference on Optics and Photonics (BICOP) - Single Frequency Blue Lasers
摘要： The phenomenon of soil salinization in semi-arid regions is getting amplified and accentuated by both anthropogenic practices and climate change. Land salinization mapping and monitoring using conventional strategies are insufficient and difficult. Our work aims to study the potential of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for mapping and monitoring of the spatio-temporal dynamics of soil salinity using interferometry. Our contribution in this paper consists of a statistical relationship that we establish between field salinity measurement and InSAR coherence based on an empirical analysis. For experimental validation, two sites were selected: 1) the region of Mahdia (central Tunisia) and 2) the plain of Tadla (central Morocco). Both sites underwent three ground campaigns simultaneously with three Radarsat-2 SAR image acquisitions. The results show that it is possible to estimate the temporal change in soil electrical conductivity (EC) from SAR images through the InSAR technique. It has been shown that the radar signal is more sensitive to soil salinity in HH polarization using a small incidence angle. However, for the HV polarization, a large angle of incidence is more suitable. This is, under considering the minimal influence of roughness and moisture surfaces, for a given InSAR coherence.
关键词： Electrical conductivity (EC),polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR),soil salinity,interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) coherence
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR ANTENNA APPLICATIONS
摘要： In this paper, the mathematical analysis of a single-walled carbon nanotube composite material (SWCNT-composite) is presented in order to estimate its e?ective conductivity model and other important parameters. This composite material consists of SWCNT coated by other di?erent materials. The e?ects of the radius of SWCNT and average thickness of coating layer on this e?ective conductivity model are investigated. The e?ects of using di?erent types of coating materials with di?erent radii of SWCNTs on the behavior of this composite material are also presented. An investigation of electromagnetic properties of SWCNT-composite material was carried out based on designing and implementing the dipole antenna con?guration using a common electromagnetic engineering tool solver CST (MWS). The results obtained from comparisons between SWCNT and SWCNT-composite materials are presented, based on their electromagnetic properties.
关键词： dipole antenna,CST (MWS),electromagnetic properties,effective conductivity model,single-walled carbon nanotube composite material
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Solution-Processed Polymeric Thin Film as the Transparent Electrode for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： In the past decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were arising as a new generation of low-cost solar technology for renewable energy generation. More than 25 % of power conversion efficiency (PCE) was reported from PSCs on the rigid indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass electrode. However, PSCs fabricated on the flexible solution-processed transparent electrode has still been a challenge to date. In this work, we report solution-processed transparent polymeric thin film as the electrode for flexible solution-processed PSCs. The solution-processed polymeric thin film exhibits superior optical transparency and decent electrical conductivity. As compared with a PCE of 16.60% from PSCs on the ITO/glass substrate, PSCs on the solution-processed transparent polymeric electrode/glass substrate exhibit a PCE of 13.36% and PSCs on the solution-processed transparent polymeric thin-film/polyethylene terephthalate flexible substrate possess a PCE of 10.16%. Systematically studies demonstrate that poor electrical conductivity of the solution-processed transparent polymeric electrode and serious interfacial charge carrier recombination are responsible for low PCEs. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate that we provide a facile route to develop flexible PSCs by utilization of solution-processed polymeric thin film as the transparent electrode.
关键词： high electrical conductivity,device performance,flexible perovskite solar cells,transparent electrode,polymeric thin-film
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Polyvinylpyrrolidone with ammonium iodide and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ionic liquid-doped solid polymer electrolyte for efficient dye sensitized solar cell
摘要： Polymer electrolytes were prepared by doping polyvinylpyrrolidone and ammonium iodide ion with an ionic liquid (IL) 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide. Polymer electrolytes were prepared by solution cast technique. Ionic conductivity was improved by the addition of IL which is studied using complex impedance spectroscopy by evaluating ionic conductivity. Using maximum electrical conductivity film, laboratory-scale dye-sensitized solar cell has been fabricated which shows stable performance.
关键词： dye-sensitized solar cell,conductivity,Polymer electrolyte,ionic liquid
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Bulk polycrystalline ceriaa??doped Al <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> and YAG ceramics for high-power density laser-driven solid-state white lighting: Effects of crystallinity and extreme temperatures
摘要： Here, we develop and characterize high thermal conductivity/high thermal shock-resistant bulk Ce-doped Al2O3 and propose it as a new phosphor converting capping layer for high-powered/high-brightness solid-state white lighting (SSWL). The bulk, dense Ce:Al2O3 ceramics have a 0.5 at.% Ce:Al concentration (significantly higher than the equilibrium solubility limit) and were produced using a simultaneous solid-state reactive current activated pressure-assisted densification (CAPAD) approach. Ce:Al2O3 exhibits a broadband emission from 400 to 600 nm, which encompasses the entire blue and green portions of the visible spectrum when pumped with ultraviolet (UV) light that is now commercially available in UV light–emitting devices and laser diodes (LD). These broadband phosphors can be used in the commonly used scheme of mixing with other UV-converting capping layers that emit red light to produce white light. Alternatively, they can be used in a novel composite down-converter approach that ensures improved thermal–mechanical properties of the converting phosphor capping layer. In this configuration, Ce:Al2O3 is used with proven phosphor conversion materials such as Ce:YAG as an active encapsulant or as a capping layer to produce SSWL with an improved bandwidth in the blue portion of the visible spectrum. To study the effect of crystallinity on the Ce photoluminescent (PL) emission, we synthesize Ce:YAG ceramics using high-pressure CAPAD at moderate temperatures to obtain varying crystallinity (amorphous through fully crystalline). We investigate the PL characteristics of Ce:Al2O3 and Ce:YAG from 295 to 4 K, revealing unique crystal field effects from the matrix on the Ce dopants. The unique PL properties in conjunction with the superior thermal–mechanical properties of Ce:Al2O3 can be used in high-powered/high-brightness–integrated devices based on high-efficiency UV-LD that do not suffer efficiency droop at high drive currents to pump the solid-state capping phosphors.
关键词： thermal conductivity,photoluminescent emission,high-power density,Ce-doped Al2O3,thermal shock-resistant,crystal field effects,solid-state white lighting,laser-driven,Ce:YAG
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Spray pyrolysis deposited CuSbS2 absorber layers for thin-film solar cells
摘要： CuSbS2 thin films were fabricated by spray pyrolysis from metal chloride aqueous solutions, followed by a post-deposition sulfurization step. The structural, chemical, optical and electrical properties of CuSbS2 and the effect of various sulfurization temperatures on CuSbS2 thin film have been systematically studied. We used a two-step sulfurization method. Step 1 at lower temperature was to encourage complete saturation of the as-deposited film with sulfur vapor. And step 2 at higher temperature was to promote the formation and crystallization of CuSbS2. The sulfurization temperature of step 2 is very important for the formation of device-grade CuSbS2 films. With the increase in sulfurization temperature, impurities such as Sb2S3 decreased and the crystallinity of CuSbS2 improved. Until 400 °C, impurities disappeared and phase-pure well-crystallinity CuSbS2 thin films were obtained. When the sulfurization temperature is higher than 400 °C, CuSbS2 gradually changes to Cu3SbS4. The CuSbS2 films sulfurized at 400 °C with optimum band gap of 1.53 eV are p type, and absorption coefficient is larger than 105 cm?1 in the visible light wavelength range. The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity of CuSbS2 has been studied for the first time. At measurement temperatures higher than 140 K the electrical conductivity of the CuSbS2 film is dominated by band conduction and nearest neighbor hopping (NNH). However, at temperatures below 140 K the conduction is predominantly affected by variable range hopping (VRH). Finally, thin-film solar cells based on the sprayed CuSbS2 absorber layers with a maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency of 0.34% have been fabricated.
关键词： sulfurization,CuSbS2,thin-film solar cells,spray pyrolysis,electrical conductivity
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52