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Low-cost and highly accessible technology based on radially polarized beam-excited plasmonic microfiber for label-free Raman detection
摘要： A low-cost and highly accessible method for high sensitivity label-free Raman spectroscopy based on a cylindrical metalized microfiber internally excited via a radially polarized beam (RPB) has been developed. A silver (Ag)-pyramid coated microfiber was designed to be matched with the RPB. Simulation results show that the enhancement of the electric-field intensity of the cylindrically metalized microfiber excited by the RPB can reach a factor of 2.5 × 103, which is much higher than that of linearly polarized beam (LPB) excitation. In experiments, the RPB is directly generated in the optical fiber by converting the LPB to an RPB using electrically controllable, low cost acoustic-optical technology. An Ag-pyramid coated microfiber with ～9.6 μm diameter was prepared using a simple Ag-mirror reaction. The Raman intensity for malachite green (MG) detected by the Ag-pyramid coated microfiber under RPB excitation was 5 times stronger than that under LPB excitation. The Raman sensitivity for MG in the case of RPB excitation was as low as 10?10 M, a concentration level which was not detectable for LPB excitation. The sensor system gave high repeatability and reliability and should find application in high sensitivity label-free detection in optical sensing with the advantages of low-cost and ease of operation.
关键词： low-cost,label-free Raman spectroscopy,radially polarized beam,highly accessible,plasmonic microfiber
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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PDG31 COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF RANIBIZUMAB VERSUS LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION OR OBSERVATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF MACULAR EDEMA SECONDARY TO RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION: FROM CHINESE SOCIETAL PERSPECTIVE
摘要： To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ranibizumab compared with laser photocoagulation or no treatment (observation) in patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO-ME) and macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO-ME), respectively, from the Chinese societal perspective. Methods: A Markov model was constructed to simulate the long-term outcomes and costs of Chinese BRVO-ME and CRVO-ME patients. Model health states were de?ned by increments of 10 letters in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranging from # 25 letters to 86-100 letters, with an extra absorbing state ’death’. Lifetime horizon was used, with a 1-month cycle length. Transition probabilities were calculated from the BLOSSOM clinical trial and CAMELLIA clinical trial. Health state utilities were estimated through literature, and costs were estimated from experts consultation of 6 hospitals in China and published literature. The primary outcomes of the model were costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Uncertainty was addressed via univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results: For BRVO-ME patients, lifetime costs of ranibizumab and laser photocoagulation were U80,834 and U44,799, respectively; lifetime QALYs gained were 8.95 and 8.31, respectively. Adopting a willingness to pay of U180,000/ QALY (3 times per-capita GDP, 2017 China) as the threshold, ranibizumab was found to be cost-effective compared with laser photocoagulation, with the ICER of U56,303/QALY. For CRVO-ME patients, lifetime costs of ranibizumab and observation were U120,246 and U117,757, respectively; lifetime QALYs gained were 9.48 and 8.93, respectively. Ranibizumab was found to be cost-effective compared with observation, with the ICER of U4,525/QALY. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of the results. Conclusions: From Chinese societal perspective, ranibizumab is the cost-effective therapy for both the treatment of BRVO-ME and CRVO-ME when compared to laser photocoagulation and observation, respectively.
关键词： ranibizumab,retinal vein occlusion,cost-effectiveness,macular edema,laser photocoagulation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE) - Swat, Pakistan (2019.7.24-2019.7.25)] 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE) - Cost Optimization of Off Grid Photovoltaic System by Increasing Conversion Efficiency
摘要： Major purpose in power system is to ameliorate energy by efficiently using the available power. In this paper, a smart system is proposed that is adaptable with our existing system to make the overall home photovoltaic (PV) system better and cost emphatic. Because of low operating efficiency of most of the available solar home systems, the cost of usable power through solar is more than the power from the grid. This system will dominate the cost of energy by reducing the use of batteries and inverters, which will also reduce the overall losses. Comparative analysis is used to explain the cost effectiveness and efficiency of proposed system over current system.
关键词： cost,conversion efficiency,Photovoltaic
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Aerial Infrared Thermography: A Scalable Procedure for Photovoltaics Inspections Based on Efficiency and Flexibility
摘要： The objective of this contribution is to explore innovative ways to increase the efficiency of large scale photovoltaic systems (LSPVS) in the medium term through effective management of operating, monitoring and maintenance (OMM) costs based on aerial surveillance with small multi-rotor flight robot (s-MRFR). An effective solution of OMM cost assessment must capture the dynamic interaction between energy market developments, technological progress and investor tolerance to the risk posed by climate changes. The valuation method for OMM cost-risk analysis is based on generalized Wiener process with stochastic jumps. The interest is to increase the value of the investment by using innovative but efficient procedures of PV systems inspection based on aerial infrared thermography. The results are encouraging because the total costs of s-MRFR monitoring are very low compared to the benefits.
关键词： Photovoltaic systems,small multi-rotor flight robot,aerial infrared thermography,climate change impacts,cost analysis
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Solar Energy, Photovoltaics, and Domestic Hot Water.. || The Economics of Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems
摘要： Let’s determine whether the purchase of a solar hot water system is a cost-effective investment for your home. We previously calculated the amount of energy needed for your daily requirements as well as the amount of energy available at your location (Chapters 3 and 4). The most practical and cost-effective use of solar energy is its application to heating water. This chapter will discuss the cost savings and graphically illustrate examples of payback periods particular to heating water. If you are constructing a new residence, then you can consider using solar for hot water as well as radiant floor-space heating. In new construction, the total cost of a solar hot water system for both space heating and domestic hot water (DHW) applications would be less costly than attempting to retrofit your existing home. Because heating domestic water versus space heating has the most expedient return on investment, we will concentrate only on the DHW applications and discuss the financial advantage of such systems. Why should conventional methods of heating water continue to be used when there is a more economical method by using the sun’s energy? You may not be able to have 100% of your hot water needs met by solar every day, but it can be a substantial supplement to your daily requirements. The technology of solar water heating is actually an old one; the present-day use of the technology continues to be new.
关键词： solar hot water system,payback periods,domestic hot water,energy savings,cost-effective investment
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Fabrication of an Efficient Planar Organic-Silicon Hybrid Solar Cell with a 150 nm Thick Film of PEDOT: PSS
摘要： Organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells composed of p-type conducting polymer poly (3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) and n-type silicon (Si) have gained considerable interest in recent years. From this viewpoint, we present an e?cient hybrid solar cell based on PEDOT: PSS and the planar Si substrate (1 0 0) with the simplest and cost-e?ective experimental procedures. We study and optimize the thickness of the PEDOT: PSS ?lm to improve the overall performance of the device. We also study the e?ect of ethylene glycol (EG) by employing a di?erent wt % as a solvent in the PEDOT: PSS to improve the device’s performance. Silver (Ag) was deposited by electron beam evaporation as the front and rear contacts for the solar cell device. The whole fabrication process was completed in less than three hours. A power conversion e?ciency (PCE) of 5.1%, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 598 mV, and a ?ll factor (FF) of 58% were achieved.
关键词： single junction solar cells,conducting polymers,hybrid solar cells,ethylene glycol,cost effective
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 European Space Power Conference (ESPC) - Juan-les-Pins, France (2019.9.30-2019.10.4)] 2019 European Space Power Conference (ESPC) - Qualification of low cost triple junction GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cell assemblies with external bypass diode connected by insulated cell P/diode N interconnects
摘要： CESI has combined the high efficiency, radiation hardness and reliability of the III-V compound triple junction solar cells with a low cost approach developing a peculiar triple junction solar cell targeting 28% efficiency, radiation hardness typical of this class of solar cells and at the same time a significant cost advantage. Such solar cells have recently passed the LEO and GEO qualification according to the ECSS standard at bare cell level and are currently under GEO and LEO qualification as solar cell assemblies.
关键词： III-V compound solar cells,low cost,Space solar cells,solar cells assembly
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Optimum capacity of the inverters in concentrator photovoltaic power plants with emphasis on shading impact
摘要： Nowadays, there is wide experience on selecting an adequate ratio between the photovoltaic array peak power and the inverter capacity for conventional photovoltaic systems. However, when dealing with concentrator photovoltaic plants, the problem is more complex and the results obtained with conventional methods are not directly applicable. There are few studies regarding concentrator photovoltaic technology and all of them neglect the impact of shading. In this paper, based on the experimental characterisation of a typical concentrator photovoltaic module, a power plant model is developed, which takes into consideration shading, module misalignment, and different inverter con?guration schemes for optimising the inverter capacity. The inverter size is analysed for different ground cover ratios (from 12% to 52%), inverter schemes (micro-, string-, and tracker-inverters), inverter ef?ciencies (low-, medium-, and high-ef?ciency), climatic conditions (Granada, Marrakech, and Frenchman Flat), and economic conditions (system cost excluding inverters from 850 to 1400 V/kWp). Results show values for the DC-to-AC sizing ratio ranging from 1.01 to 1.67 (maximum performance ratio), and from 1.53 to 1.79 (minimum levelised cost of energy). String-inverters exhibit the best behaviour in terms of levelised cost of energy, except in shadow-free systems, in which tracker-inverters behave better.
关键词： Inverter size,Concentrator photovoltaics,Levelised cost of energy,Ef?ciency improvement,Shading,Inverter con?guration
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Comparison of Perioperative Costs between Stereotactic Laser Ablation and Craniotomy for Hypothalamic Hamartoma
摘要： Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is a congenital intracranial lesion associated with precocious puberty and gelastic epilepsy in children. Surgical management of HH to treat refractory epilepsy is a mainstay of treatment. Our aim was to compare the demographic characteristics and perioperative costs associated with resection by craniotomy and stereotactic laser ablation (SLA) by reviewing our institutional experience with SLA and comparing these data to a national database for craniotomy and resection. Retrospective chart review was conducted for the Texas Children’s Hospital cohort of patients who underwent SLA for HH between 2011 and 2013. Information about the craniotomy cohort representing historical cases of craniotomy was obtained from the Kids’ Inpatient Database for years 2003, 2006, and 2009. The cohort definition for patients undergoing craniotomy for HH was modified from published adult literature to identify pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy secondary to HH. Our study has shown that children undergoing SLA for HH have a shorter length of stay and lower cost of hospitalization compared with those who underwent craniotomy and resection for the same diagnosis. Together with previous findings from our institution regarding the safety and efficacy of SLA, our findings suggest that SLA may represent an attractive alternative to craniotomy for the treatment of refractory epilepsy secondary to HH.
关键词： hypothalamic hamartoma,epilepsy,hospitalization charges,gelastic seizures,stereotactic ablation,laser ablation,cost
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE) - Swat, Pakistan (2019.7.24-2019.7.25)] 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE) - Optimization of Efficient Copper-Indium-Gallium Di-Selenide Solar Cell
摘要： The implementation of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) based solar cells have been simulated through software. A novel model FTO/ZnSe/CIGS/Mo/Substrate has been proposed by using a GPVDM. In this investigation, the main focus is to analyze low cost material and optimize it for better efficiency as compare to conventional CIGS solar cells. We observed in our findings that as the thickness of CIGS medium increases, the power conversion efficiency affectively increases. Also, different material testing was also formed for windows and buffer layer, where it has been observed that efficient model must have window layer Fluorine tin oxide (FTO) and buffer layer is Zinc selenide (ZnSe) with thickness of 30nm and 20nm, respectively. Moreover, solar cell with these topographies gives conversion efficiency of 18.51%.
关键词： Thin film Solar Cell,CIGS,GPVDM,low cost
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52