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Laser Characteristics for VCSELs for 77 K and 4 K Optical Data Applications
摘要： Small-sized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) offer the possibility of very low power consumption along with high reliability for cryogenic data transfer. Cryogenic data transfer has applications in focal plane array cameras operating at 77 K, and at the lower temperature of 4 K for data extraction from superconducting circuits. A theoretical analysis is presented for 77 K and 4 K operation based on small cavity, oxide-free VCSEL sizes of 2 to 6 μm, that have been shown to operate efficiently at room temperature. Temperature dependent operation for optimally-designed VCSELs are studied by calculating the response of the laser at 77 K and 4 K to estimate their bias conditions needed to reach modulation speed for cryogenic optical links. The temperature influence is to decrease threshold for reducing temperature, and to increase differential gain for reducing temperature. The two effects predict very low bias currents for small cavity VCSELs to reach needed data speed for cryogenic optical data links. Changing the number of top-mirror pairs has also been studied to determine how cavity design impacts speed and bit energy. Our design and performance predictions paves the way for realizing highly efficient, ultra-small VCSEL arrays with applications in optical interconnects.
关键词： Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers,Cryogenics,semiconductor devices,laser physics,high speed modulation,optical data transmission
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - Paris, France (2018.7.8-2018.7.13)] 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - Methods for Electrical Cooling and Thermometry of a Suspended Silicon Chip
摘要： We suspend a heavily doped conducting silicon chip by tunnel junctions and aluminum leads, which permits the measurement and control of electrical and phonon heat ?uxes. Experiments and analysis on heat conduction and electrical cooling utilize techniques developed for electron pumps and primary thermometry, and the techniques developed for the cooler may also be useful for the development quantum phase slip based devices.
关键词： quantum standard,thermometry,electrical cooling,Cryogenics
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Cryogenic Characterization of 22nm FDSOI CMOS Technology for Quantum Computing ICs
摘要： An approach is proposed to realize large-scale, “high-temperature” and high-fidelity quantum computing ICs based on single- and multiple coupled quantum-dot electron- and hole-spin qubits monolithically integrated with the mm-wave spin manipulation and readout circuitry technology. Measurements of minimum-size 6nmx20nmx80nm Si-channel n-MOSFETs (electron-spin qubit), SiGe-channel p-MOSFETs (hole-spin qubit), and double quantum-dot complementary qubits reveal strong quantum effects in the subthreshold region at 2 K, characteristic of resonant tunneling in a quantum dot. S-parameter measurements of a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) for spin readout show improved performance from 300 K to 2 K. Finally, the qubit-with-TIA circuit has 50Ω output impedance, 78dBΩ transimpedance gain with unity-gain bandwidth of 70 GHz and consumes 3.1 mW.
关键词： CMOS,silicon-on-insulator,quantum information processing,radio frequency,monolithic integrated circuits,semiconductor quantum dots,silicon,cryogenics
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36