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- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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Significant influence of the benzothiophene ring substitution position on the photovoltaic performance of benzodithiophene-based donor polymers
摘要： In order to investigate the e?ects of the substitution position on the photovoltaic performance of donor polymers, two benzothiophene ring substituted benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b0)dithiophene (BDT)-based conjugated polymers (PBDTBTs-BDD and PBDTTBs-BDD) are designed and synthesized. The variation in the substitution position has small influences on the photophysical properties but has a great e?ect on the intramolecular p–p stack structure, charge transport and photovoltaic properties. PBDTBTs-BDD (with the 6-position of the benzothiophene substituent) exhibited a smaller p–p stacking distance of 3.67 ? compared to 4.11 ? seen for PBDTTBs-BDD (with the 2-position of the benzothiophene substituent). And the charge mobilities of PBDTBTs-BDD-based devices are higher and more balanced than those of PBDTTBs-BDD-based devices, which are highly beneficial for reducing recombination of free carriers and then lead to a higher short-circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF) of devices. With ITIC or Y6 as non-fullerene acceptors, PBDTBTs-BDD-based devices exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 7.76% and 12.07%, respectively, which are higher than those of PBDTTBs-BDD-based devices (5.04% and 5.81%). This work demonstrates that the photovoltaic properties of donor polymers can be highly tunable through slight modifications of their side chain structures.
关键词： benzothiophene,donor polymers,photovoltaic performance,power conversion efficiencies,non-fullerene acceptors
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Fused tetraphenylethylene-triphenylamine for efficient hole transporting materials in perovskite solar cells
摘要： Fused tetraphenylethylene-based hole transporting material shows higher power conversion efficiency and better stability compared with that of non-fused counterpart, and former molecule even outperforms the conventional spiro-OMeTAD.
关键词： power conversion efficiency,perovskite solar cells,hole transporting materials,tetraphenylethylene,triphenylamine
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Effect of reduced graphene oxide addition on the performance of zinc oxide nanorod based dye-sensitized solar cell
摘要： As one of third generation photovoltaic device, dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) plays important part in search for new and renewable energy resources. As part of this device, dye has a very critical function due to its responsibility in absorbing the photon energy from the sunlight. The more light can be absorbed, the higher the value of photon to electricity conversion efficiency can be obtained. For increasing the absorption capacity of the dye, this work investigated the effect of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) addition into the dye solution with rGO to dye weight % ratio of 1:100; 3:100; and 5:100 respectively. On the basis of investigation, it was found that the ratio of 3:100 produced a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of about 0,02% as compared to the reference cells which displayed a value of 0,005%. It confirms that introducing rGO into the dye can enhance the DSSC performance, though several fabrication handling procedures still need to be improved as well.
关键词： dye-sensitized solar cell,power conversion efficiency,reduced graphene oxide,zinc oxide nanorod
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Nonfullerene acceptors with an N-annulated perylene core and two perylene diimide units for efficient organic solar cells
摘要： We have designed and synthesized a series of perylene based A-D-A type chromophores, which are composed of two electron deficient perylene diimides (PDI) and one electron rich N-annulated perylene (NP). By virtue of the bi-axial rigid skeleton of the flat NP unit, the intermolecular aggregation is efficiently suppressed, leading to a very small red-shift of absorption being observed in going from solutions to films. In addition, the molar extinction coefficients have been significantly elevated in case of sulfur or selenium annulation at the bay positions of the PDI units. Quantum calculation is employed for the geometry optimization to further understand the contributions of different excitations to the UV-vis absorption spectra. Morphology studies demonstrate that the twisted conformations of these acceptors are favorable for the formation of suitable phase separation in the as-cast films. The heteroatom annulation could force the PDI plane to take on a more planar conformation, which is favorable to have closer π?π stacking for efficient electron transportation. Finally, the as-cast devices based on PBDB-T:NP-diPDI-Se display a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.25% with a Voc of 0.98 V, a Jsc of 11.73 mA/cm2 and an FF of 54.13%.
关键词： N-annulated perylene,Nonfullerene acceptors,Organic solar cells,Power conversion efficiency,Perylene diimide
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Historic Developments, Current Technologies and Potential of Nanotechnology to Develop Next Generation Solar Cells with Improved Efficiency
摘要： Sun is the continuous source of renewable energy, from where we can get abundant of solar energy. Concept of conversion of solar energy into heat was used back in 200 B.C. since then, the solar cells have been developed which can convert solar energy into the electrical energy and these systems have been produced commercially. The technologies to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) have been continuously improved. Different technologies used for developing solar cells can be categorized either on the basis of material used or techniques of technology development which is further termed as ‘first generation’ (e.g. crystalline silicon), ‘second generation’ (thin films of Amorphous silicon, Copper indium gallium selenide, Cadmium telluride), ‘Third generation’ (Concentrated, Organic and Dye sensitize solar cell). These technologies give PCE up to 25% depending on the technology and the materials used. Nanotechnology enables the use of nanomaterial whose size is below 100 nm with extraordinary properties which has the capability to enhance the PCE to greater extent. Various nanomaterials like quantum dots, quantum well, carbon nanotubes, nanowire and graphene have been used to make efficient and economical solar cells, which not only provide high conversion efficiency economically but also are easy to produce. Today, by using nanotechnology, conversion efficiency up to 44.7 % has been achieved by Fraunhofer Institute at Germany. In this review article, we have reviewed the literature including various patents and publications, summarized the history of solar cell development, development of different technologies and rationale of their development highlighting the advantages and challenges involved in their development for commercial purpose. We have also included the recent developments in solar cell research where different nanomaterials have been designed and used successfully to prove their superiority over conventional systems.
关键词： Nanotechnology,Solar cell,Photovoltaic,Power conversion efficiency,Renewable energy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Elucidating Roles of Polymer Donor Aggregation in All-Polymer and Non-Fullerene Small-Moleculea??Polymer Solar Cells
摘要： The aggregation behavior of polymers plays a crucial role in determining the optical, electrical, and morphological properties of donor-acceptor blends in both all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) and non-fullerene small molecule acceptor-polymer solar cells (NFSMA-PSCs). However, direct comparison of the impacts on two different systems has not been reported, although it is important to design universal polymer donors (PDs). Herein, three PDs with different side chains (P-EH, P-SEH and P-Si) are designed to study the PD aggregation effects on the blend morphology and device performance of both all-PSCs and NFSMA-PSCs. It is observed that the aggregation property of PDs is a critical factor in determining the optimal blend morphologies and ultimately the device performances in both the PSC systems. Furthermore, PD aggregation effects on device performance is significantly more impactful in all-PSCs than in NFSMA-PSCs. The P-Si PD exhibiting the strongest aggregation behavior in a processing solvent produces the most severe phase separation in the blend with a polymer acceptor, resulting in the lowest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-PSCs. In contrast, when P-Si is used in an NFSMA-PSC, a well-mixed blend morphology is observed, which results in the highest PCE of over 12%. These different roles dependent on PD aggregation mainly originate from the difference in molecular size of polymer acceptor and small molecule acceptor, which influences the entropic contribution to the formation of blend morphology. Our work provides a comprehensive understanding on the PD aggregation-blend morphology relationship in different all-PSC and NFSMA-PSC systems, which serves as an important guideline for the design of universal PDs for both all-PSCs and NFSMA-PSCs.
关键词： polymer solar cells,all-polymer solar cells,non-fullerene small molecule acceptor-polymer solar cells,polymer donor aggregation,blend morphology,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Alkyl Chain Tuning of Small Molecule Acceptors for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
摘要： A new non-fullerene acceptor, named N3, was developed by using a 3rd-position branched alkyl chain on the pyrrole motif of the molecule, which yielded better performance than the state-of-the-art acceptor Y6. Ternary devices were fabricated, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 16.74% in the lab and a certified efficiency of 16.42% by Newport.
关键词： power conversion efficiency,ternary strategy,non-fullerene acceptor,alkyl chain tuning,organic solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Trifluoromethylation Enables a 3D Interpenetrated Low-Band-Gap Acceptor for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Herein, tri?uoromethylation has proven to be an effective strategy for ultra-narrow band-gap NFAs. A PCE of 15.59% is achieved from BTIC-CF3-g-based devices, which is the highest value in reported ultra-narrow band-gap acceptors. A ternary device with 16.50% ef?ciency is also obtained, resulting from its red-shifted absorption. Meanwhile, the single-crystal structure of BTIC-CF3-g has been successfully presented, which gives a deep understanding of the solid-state molecular packings in these highly ef?cient acceptors.
关键词： ultra-narrow band-gap,nonfullerene acceptors,tri?uoromethylation,power conversion efficiency,organic solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Secondary Grain Growth in Organica??Inorganic Perovskite Films with Ethylamine Hydrochloride Additives for Highly Efficient Solar Cells
摘要： The grain boundaries of perovskite polycrystalline are regarded as a defect region that not only provides carrier recombination sites but also introduces device degradation pathways. Efforts to enlarging the grain size of perovskite film and reducing its grain boundary are crucial for highly efficient and stable PSCs. Some effective methods that facilitate grain growth are post-deposition thermal annealing and solvent vapor annealing. However, a detailed understanding of grain growth mechanisms in perovskite films is lacking. In this study, perovskite films were prepared by adding ethylamine hydrochloride (EACl) to the precursor solution. This additive strategy promotes a new grain growth mode, secondary grain growth, in perovskite films. Secondary grain growth leads to much larger grains with high crystallographic orientation. These excellent properties lead to reduced grain boundaries and the densities of boundary defects. The improved film quality results in a prolonged charge–carrier lifetime and a significantly enhanced PCE. Compared with the PCE 18.42% of the control device, the PCE of the device with EACl additives reaches 21.07%.
关键词： Organic-inorganic perovskite,crystallographic orientation,grain growth,power conversion efficiency,solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Bandgap Tailored Nonfullerene Acceptors for Low-Energy-Loss Near-Infrared Organic Photovoltaics
摘要： A series of A?π?D?π–A type nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) was designed and synthesized with the goal of optimizing light absorption and energy losses in near-infrared (NIR) organic solar cells (OSCs) principally through the use of side chain engineering. Specific molecules include p-IO1, o-IO1, p-IO2, and o-IO2 with optical bandgaps of 1.34 eV, 1.28 eV, 1.24 eV, and 1.20 eV, respectively. Manipulating the optoelectronic properties and intermolecular organization by substituting bulky phenylhexyl (p-) for linear octyl chains (o-) and replacing bisalkoxy (-O2) with alkyl-alkoxy combination (-O1) allows one to target energy bandgaps and achieve a favorable bulk heterojunction morphology when in the presence of the donor polymer PTB7-Th. Solar cells based on o-IO1 and PTB7-Th exhibit an optimal power conversion efficiency of 13.1%. The excellent photovoltaic performance obtained with the o-IO1 acceptor can be attributed to a short-circuit current of 26.3 mA cm?2 and energy losses on the order of 0.54 eV. These results further highlight how side chain engineering is a straightforward strategy to tune the molecular design of n-type molecular semiconductors, particularly in the context of near-infrared high efficiency organic photovoltaics.
关键词： side chain engineering,nonfullerene acceptors,power conversion efficiency,organic solar cells,near-infrared
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59