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[IEEE 2020 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII) - Honolulu, HI, USA (2020.1.12-2020.1.15)] 2020 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII) - Defect detection on Polycrystalline solar cells using Electroluminescence and Fully Convolutional Neural Networks
摘要： In this paper, we propose a virtual spatial modulation (VSM) scheme that performs index modulation on the virtual parallel channels resulting from the singular value decomposition of the multi-input-multi-output channels. The VSM scheme conveys information through both the indices of the virtual parallel channels and the M -ary modulated symbols. We derive a closed-form upper bound on the average bit error probability (ABEP), which considers the impact of imperfect channel estimation. Moreover, the asymptotic ABEP is also studied, which characterizes the error ?oor under imperfect channel estimation and the resulting diversity order as well as the coding gain under perfect channel estimation. Computer simulations verify the analysis and show that the VSM scheme can outperform the existing pre-coding aided spatial modulation schemes under the same spectral ef?ciency.
关键词： Singular value decomposition (SVD),average bit error probability,spatial modulation,pre-coding
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - The role of financing in realizing ultra-low solar electricity prices in the Middle East
摘要： A hybrid approach is proposed to signal integrity analysis of trace and vias in plate pair with an in?nitely large dimension. By using the domain decomposition method, trace domain and via domain are divided from the plate domain. Each individual domain of via and trace structure is modeled by the 3-D full-wave tool HFSS as a multimode network composed of TEM mode waveguide ports at top/bottom antipad interfaces and vertical lumped ports on the segmentation interfaces. The plate domain is dominated by TMZ 0 modes and network parameters are solved by boundary integral method. Connection of network of each domain enforces the ?eld continuity conditions along the segmentation interfaces and yields the ?nal S parameter of trace and via as well as trace/via to trace/via coupling. Once the via pattern and trace routing are determined, the coupling can be ef?ciently modeled by the proposed hybrid approach and the layouts of via structures and trace routing in a plate pair are ef?ciently optimized.
关键词： trace/via to trace/via coupling,domain decomposition method (DDM),Contour integral equation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Modular Synthesis of Waveguide Bandpass Filters Using Dual-Mode Resonators
摘要： We present a new decomposition approach for dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) called SIRZ that provides precise and accurate material description, independent of the scanner, over diagnostic energy ranges (30 to 200 keV). System independence is achieved by explicitly including a scanner-specific spectral description in the decomposition method, and a new X-ray-relevant feature space. The feature space consists of electron density, and a new effective atomic number, which is based on published X-ray cross sections. Reference materials are used in conjunction with the system spectral response so that additional beam-hardening correction is not necessary. The technique is tested against other methods on DECT data of known specimens scanned by diverse spectra and systems. Uncertainties in accuracy and precision are less than 3% and 2% respectively for the results compared to prior methods that are inaccurate and imprecise (over 9%).
关键词： system-independent CT,Beam-hardening correction,electron density,effective atomic number,quantitative x-ray characterization,dual-energy computed tomography,photoelectric-compton decomposition
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Enhancement of photocatalytic activity by femtosecond-laser induced periodic surface structures of Si
摘要： Laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) represent a kind of top down approach to produce highly reproducible nano/microstructures without going for any sophisticated process of lithography. This method is much simpler and cost effective. In this work, LIPSS on Si surfaces were generated using femtosecond laser pulses of 800 nm wavelength. Photocatalytic substrates were prepared by depositing TiO2 thin films on top of the structured and unstructured Si wafer. The coatings were produced by sputtering from a Ti target in two different types of oxygen atmospheres. In first case, the oxygen pressure within the sputtering chamber was chosen to be high (3 × 10–2 mbar) whereas it was one order of magnitude lower in second case (2.1 × 10–3 mbar). In photocatalytic dye decomposition study of Methylene blue dye it was found that in the presence of LIPSS the activity can be enhanced by 2.1 and 3.3 times with high pressure and low pressure grown TiO2 thin films, respectively. The increase in photocatalytic activity is attributed to the enlargement of effective surface area. In comparative study, the dye decomposition rates of TiO2 thin films grown on LIPSS are found to be much higher than the value for standard reference thin film material Pilkington ActivTM.
关键词： photocatalytic dye decomposition,silicon,femtosecond laser pulses,TiO2 thin film,laser induced periodic surface structures,nanoripples
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Synthesis and characterization of CdS@ZnO nanoribbon@quantum dot and their enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activities
摘要： CdS/ZnO nanoribbon/quantum dot was prepared using thermal decomposition method. Size and distribution of ZnO quantum dots on CdS nanobelt were controlled by concentrations of zinc acetate ethanol solution and thermal decomposition temperature. The structure and optical properties of CdS nanobelts and CdS/ZnO heterostructures are studied by XRD, TEM, PL and Raman scattering and UV–Vis absorption spectra. The photocatalytic performances of CdS nanobelts and CdS/ZnO heterostructures are tested by photocatalytic degradation of RhB aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. Compared with that (83.57%) of CdS nanobelts, the degradation rate (88.66%) of RhB using CdS/ZnO heterostructures as catalyst is significantly improved, which suggests better development prospect in photocatalytic technology and photoelectric device.
关键词： photocatalytic activities,thermal decomposition method,CdS@ZnO nanoribbon@quantum dots,optical properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Hierarchically decomposed finite element method for a triply coupled piezoelectric, structure, and fluid fields of a thin piezoelectric bimorph in fluid
摘要： This paper proposes a numerical method for analyzing a thin piezoelectric bimorph in fluid. A hierarchically decomposed finite element method (FEM) is proposed for modeling the triply coupled piezoelectric-structure–fluid interaction. The electromechanical coupling (piezoelectric-structure interaction) behavior in a thin piezoelectric bimorph is described by the classical constitutive equation, the incompressible fluid flows by the Navier–Stokes equation and the structure by the Cauchy equation of motion. The piezoelectric-structure–fluid interaction system is decomposed into subsystems of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) and piezoelectric field, then the piezoelectric field and the FSI are coupled using the block Gauss–Seidel method, the fluid–structure interaction is split into the fluid–structure velocity field and the pressure field using an algebraic splitting and the fluid–structure velocity field is partitioned into fluid velocity field and structure velocity field. Using the proposed method, the resonance characteristics of a piezoelectric bimorph cantilever made of PVDF and PZT-5H material in fluid are investigated for actuation and sensor configurations.
关键词： Thin piezoelectric bimorph,Hierarchical decomposition,Finite element method (FEM),Fluid–structure interaction (FSI),Piezoelectricity,Piezoelectric-structure interaction
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Photoa??Dissociation of CO <sub/>2</sub> over Plasmonic RuO <sub/>2</sub> Nanoparticles
摘要： The synthesis, characterisation and application of RuO2 nanoparticles through a facile hydrothermal preparation technique is described. The prepared solid is extensively characterised and shown to have a narrow size distribution (1.6–3.2 nm) and exhibit an intense surface plasmon resonance giving rise to an absorption band peaking at λ = 424 nm. This material is applied in gas-phase artificial photosynthesis reactions, and interestingly, the only products observed are CO and O2 (at a constant 2 : 1 ratio). Even though this RuO2 catalyst is unable to perform the water-splitting step of the artificial photosynthesis reaction, it is active in the CO2 photo-decomposition reaction (ΔG(298.15 K) =64.41 Kcal mol?1), and thus it may be a convenient catalyst for downstream production of methanol or hydrocarbons from a CO2 feedstock.
关键词： RuO2 nanoparticles,CO2 decomposition,CO2 utilisation,Plasmon-promoted photocatalysis,Sustainable Chemistry
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Comparative Study of Decomposition adsorption of Sarin on ZnnOnand CdnOn(n=1,4), by Theoretical Method
摘要： The calculations of the electronic and structural properties for interactions of Sarin with ZnnOnand CdnOn(n=1,4) have been conducted by B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of DFT method. The ZnOaffects on disconnection of propyl bond of Sarin and Cd4O4 interacts with Fluorine atom of Sarin. The results of Radial Distribution Function (RDF) show that the interaction of Sarin is probable at 380 K with ZnO as covalent bond and at 308 K with Cd4O4 by Van der waals forces.
关键词： DFT,Sarin,Decomposition,ZnnOn,RDF,CdnOn
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Image analysis procedure for the optical scanning of fine-root dynamics: errors depending on the observer and root-viewing window size
摘要： Clarifying the dynamics of ?ne roots is critical to understanding carbon and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. An optical scanner can potentially be used in studying ?ne-root dynamics in forest ecosystems. The present study examined image analysis procedures suitable for an optical scanner having a large (210 mm × 297 mm) root-viewing window. We proposed a protocol for analyzing whole soil images obtained by an optical scanner that cover depths of 0–210 mm. We tested our protocol using six observers with di?erent experience in studying roots. The observers obtained data from the manual digitization of sequential soil images recorded for a Bornean tropical forest according to the protocol. Additionally, the study examined the potential tradeo? between the soil image size and accuracy of estimates of ?ne-root dynamics in a simple exercise. The six observers learned the protocol and obtained similar temporal patterns of ?ne-root growth and biomass with error of 10–20% regardless of their experience. However, there were large errors in decomposition owing to the low visibility of decomposed ?ne roots. The simple exercise revealed that a smaller root-viewing window (smaller than 60% of the original window) produces patterns of ?ne-root dynamics that are di?erent from those for the original window size. The study showed the high applicability of our image analysis approach for whole soil images taken by optical scanners in estimating the ?ne-root dynamics of forest ecosystems.
关键词： minirhizotron,decomposition,error,root distribution,biomass production
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Low-dose single-energy material decomposition in radiography using a sparse-view computed tomography scan
摘要： Dual-energy material decomposition (DEMD) is a well-established theoretical x-ray technique that uses low- and high-kilovoltage radiographs to separate soft tissue and bone in radiography and computed tomography (CT). However, it requires double exposures that result in increased patient radiation doses, causes increases in the execution time, and generates errors due to misregistration attributed to the patient motion between two scans. In this study, we investigated a low-dose, single-energy material decomposition (LSEMD) method in radiography using a sparse-view computed tomography scan where the attenuation length in the object was estimated from the CT image. We performed a systematic simulation and an experiment to demonstrate the feasibility of use of the LSEMD method in radiography. Only 60 projections, far fewer than those required by the Nyquist sampling theory, were acquired at an x-ray tube voltage of 80 kVp, and were used to reconstruct a sparse-view CT image with a state-of-the-art dictionary-learning (DL) algorithm. We investigated the image performance of the LSEMD and compared the elicited results with those obtained with the use of DEMD (80 kVp and 120 kVp were used). Our results indicate that the DL algorithm produced high-quality sparse-view CT images. Accordingly, the LSEMD method yielded material decomposition results that were very similar to the results elicited by the conventional DEMD method in radiography.
关键词： dictionary-learning,low-dose single-energy material decomposition,Computed tomography,dual-energy material decomposition
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36