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Organic functional materials: recent advances in all-inorganic perovskite solar cells
摘要： Although the power conversion e?ciency (PCE) of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is comparable to those of commercial solar cells, a challenging problem of instability hampers their further commercialization. In recent years, in comparison with organic–inorganic hybrid PSCs, cesium-based all-inorganic perovskites show better light, moisture and especially thermal stability, and therefore they have exhibited great potential and received widespread attention. However, an unavoidable issue is that the PCE of all-inorganic PSCs still lags behind that of hybrid perovskite devices. To solve this problem, some organic or inorganic interlayer materials are introduced into all-inorganic PSCs as additive, passivation agent and charge transport materials to improve device performance. Compared to inorganic materials, organic materials present some advantages, such as energy level controllability, molecular structure diversity, and surface wettability modi?cations. Thus, the PCE of all-inorganic PSCs has been signi?cantly improved through the use of organic materials. In this review, we summarized the recent strategies for improving the performance of all-inorganic PSCs through organic interlayer materials, including crystallization control, defect passivation, interface engineering, and expanding the light harvesting capability. Finally, a perspective on challenges and opportunities is proposed in the ?eld.
关键词： organic interlayer materials,crystallization control,defect passivation,all-inorganic perovskite solar cells,light harvesting,interface engineering
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Conjugated polyelectrolyte with potassium cations enables inverted perovskite solar cells with an efficiency over 20%
摘要： Defect-passivation functional groups have been extensively explored in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in recent years; however, most of these groups were organic, and the integration of inorganic functional groups with organic matrixes bearing other functions has rarely been reported. Here, to demonstrate the effective of this integration, the coalition of an inorganic group, K+ ion, and an organic conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) matrix which serves as a hole transporting material (HTM) is attempted. The resulting CPE material TB(K) presents much stronger ability of defect-passivation and hole extraction, and thus yields a much lifted power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.01% and an increased long-term stability when applied in the inverted PSC devices compared with its control polymer TB(Na), where only the inorganic cations are varied from a defect-passivation group to a common one.
关键词： inorganic functional groups,defect-passivation,perovskite solar cells,hole transporting material,conjugated polyelectrolyte
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Surface-defect passivation through complexation with organic molecules leads to enhanced power conversion efficiency and long term stability of perovskite photovoltaics
摘要： Organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites (e.g., CH3NH3PbX3, X=Cl, Br, I) possess a unique combination of excellent electronic and photoelectrochemical properties including suitable and tunable bandgap, low exciton binding energy in the range of 9–80 meV, high extinction coefficient, and long electron and hole diffusion lengths, which make them excellent photovoltaic materials. The perovskite layer is at the core of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), whose quality would directly determine the device performance. The deficiency of long-term stability of the hybrid perovskite material has been one of the greatest barriers to the commercialization of PSCs. One of the most important strategies to achieve stable solar cells is to improve the intrinsic stability of the materials. Most recently, Wang et al. reported an in-depth systematic study on molecular defect passivation approaches through the interaction between organic functional groups and demonstrated both enhanced PCE and long term stability.
关键词： long term stability,power conversion efficiency,perovskite photovoltaics,surface-defect passivation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Surface Ligands for Methylammonium Lead Iodide Films: Surface Coverage, Energetics, and Photovoltaic Performance
摘要： Surface ligand treatment provides a promising approach to passivate defect states, improve material and device stability, manipulate interfacial energetics, and increase the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To facilitate targeted selection and design of surface ligands for PSCs, it is necessary to establish relationships between ligand structure and perovskite surface properties. Herein, surface ligands with different binding groups are investigated to determine their extent of surface coverage, whether they form a surface monolayer or penetrate the perovskite, how they influence material energetics and photoluminescence, and how this combination of factors affects PSC performance. Ultraviolet and inverse photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that surface ligands can significantly shift the ionization energy and electron affinity. These changes in surface energetics substantially impact PSC performance, with the performance decreasing for ligands that create less favorable energy landscapes for electron transfer from MAPbI3 to the electron transport layer, C60.
关键词： defect passivation,perovskite solar cells,interfacial energetics,surface ligands,photovoltaic performance
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Commercially Available Jeffamine Additives for pa??ia??n Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Commercially available Jeffamines (polyetheramine) with average molecular weights of defects in the grain boundaries of perovskite through the coordination bonding between the nitrogen atom and the uncoordinated lead ion of perovskite. We fabricated p–i–n PSC devices end-capping on the polyether backbone; and propylene oxide (PO) and ethylene oxide (EO) The results indicated that the embedding of Jeffamine additives effectively passivates the Jeffamine)/PC61BM/BCP/Ag. We observed the interaction between the Jeffamine and with the structure of glass/indium tin oxide (ITO)/NiOx/CH3NH3PbI3 (with and without functionality were explored as additives for application in MAPbI3perovskite solar cells (PSCs). 2000 and 3000 g mol–1; one (M2005), two (D2000), and three (T3000) primary amino groups films were studied. The interaction between the additive and perovskite reinforced the 16.8%relative to the control device. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the perovskite enabled the construction of high-performance p–i–n PSCs. For the Jeffamine-D2000-derived device, we observed an increase in the power conversion efficiency from 14.5% to perovskites. This interaction led to increased lifetimes of the carriers of perovskite, which Keywords: Additive, Defect Passivation, Coordination bonds, Perovskite solar cell, flexibility of the thin film, which may pave the way for stretchable optoelectronics. Photoelectric conversion efficiency
关键词： Photoelectric conversion efficiency,Additive,Coordination bonds,Perovskite solar cell,Defect Passivation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Optimal Interfacial Engineering with Different Length of Alkylammonium Halide for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Recently, two-dimensional (2D) structure on three-dimensional (3D) perovskites (graded 2D/3D) has been reported to be effective in significantly improving both efficiency and stability. However, the electrical properties of the 2D structure as a passivation layer on the 3D perovskite thin film and resistance to the penetration of moisture may vary depending on the length of the alkyl chain. In addition, the surface defects of the 2D itself on the 3D layer may also be affected by the correlation between the 2D structure and the hole conductive material. Therefore, systematic interfacial study with the alkyl chain length of long-chained alkylammonium iodide forming a 2D structure is necessary. Herein, the 2D interfacial layers formed are compared with butylammonium iodide (BAI), octylammonium iodide (OAI), and dodecylammonium iodide (DAI) iodide on a 3D (FAPbI3)0.95(MAPbBr3)0.05 perovskite thin film in terms of the PCE and humidity stability. As the length of the alkyl chain increased from BA to OA to DA, the electron-blocking ability and humidity resistance increase significantly, but the difference between OA and DA is not large. The PSC post-treated with OAI has slightly higher PCE than those treated with BAI and DAI, achieving a certified stabilized efficiency of 22.9%.
关键词： defect passivation,perovskite solar cells,long alkylammonium cations
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Iodine-assisted Antisolvent Engineering for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency >21.3 %
摘要： The quality of the photoactive film is a significant factor in determining the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We report a simple upgraded antisolvent washing treatment using iodine modulation, which significantly improves the MAPbI3 films with high crystallinity and chemical uniformity. A detailed model for improving the mechanism is proposed to describe how the upgraded antisolvent enhances both the perovskite crystallization and passivates the under-coordinated Pb2+ dangling bond. PSCs fabricated with the FTO/TiO2/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag architecture used high quality films with less defective surfaces, present a PCE of 21.33 %, retaining 91 % of its initial value in ambient without any encapsulation after 30 days. These results provide insight into the surface defect passivation process achieved by halide ions balance while providing a simple and efficient process that can be extensively used to fabricate high-quality perovskite films.
关键词： power conversion efficiency,defect passivation,perovskite solar cells,antisolvent engineering,crystallization
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Defect Passivation in Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells by Tailoring the Electron Density Distribution in Passivation Molecules
摘要： Commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) requires developing high?efficiency devices with good stability. Ionic defects existing in perovskite layer can serve as non-radiative recombination center to deteriorate the performance of PSCs, and can introduce chemical degradation of the perovskite material introducing instability issues. Here, passivation molecules with various electron density distribution (EDD) are employed as an ideal model to reveal the role of EDD on defect passivation in perovskite thin films. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 21% with good stability in humid air was obtained for planar PSCs with 4-aminobenzonitrile (ABN) additive, higher than the reference PSCs with a PCE of 20.22%. The improved stability and performance features are attributed to the efficient passivation for charged defects in perovskites by adding ABN, which guarantees a smaller Urbach energy, longer carrier lifetime and less traps in the perovskite films.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,electron density distribution,stability,defect passivation,recombination
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Passivated metal oxide n-type contacts for efficient and stable organic solar cells
摘要： Suppressing trap states and localized electronic states in the forbidden gap of semiconductors as either active layers or contacts, is critical to the enhancement of optoelectronic device performance, such as solar cell, ultra-fast photodetectors, field-effect transistors as well as other optoelectronic applications. In this study, we demonstrate Lewis bases-passivated metal oxide n-type contacts can effectively improve the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). OSCs with triethanolamine-passivated ZnO show two orders of magnitude lower trap density, and thus higher electron mobility and three times longer charge carrier recombination lifetime, relative to the devices based on as-cast ZnO. Passivated ZnO universally improves power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs based on varied active layers. P3HT: PC71BM based solar cells with passivated-ZnO yield 86% PCE enhancement relative to the control devices based on as-cast ZnO, and PM6: Y6 based devices with passivated-ZnO exhibit PCEs up to 15.61%. Furthermore, light stability of OSCs with passivated-ZnO has also been improved along with enhanced device efficiency. Lewis base is also efficient to passivate SnOX contact for solar cells. This study highlights the importance of defect passivation on contact layers for improvement of the efficiency and stability of OSCs, and also provides one facile and effective passivation strategy.
关键词： defect passivation,electron transport layer,organic solar cell,tin oxide,zinc oxide
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Impact of PbI <sub/>2</sub> Passivation and Grain Size Engineering in CH <sub/>3</sub> NH <sub/>3</sub> PbI <sub/>3</sub> Solar Absorbers as Revealed by Carrier‐Resolved Photo‐Hall Technique
摘要： With power conversion efficiencies now exceeding 25%, hybrid perovskite solar cells require deeper understanding of defects and processing to further approach the Shockley-Queisser limit. One approach for processing enhancement and defect reduction involves additive engineering—, e.g., addition of MASCN (MA = methylammonium) and excess PbI2 have been shown to modify film grain structure and improve performance. However, the underlying impact of these additives on transport and recombination properties remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, a newly developed carrier-resolved photo-Hall (CRPH) characterization technique is used that gives access to both majority and minority carrier properties within the same sample and over a wide range of illumination conditions. CRPH measurements on n-type MAPbI3 films reveal an order of magnitude increase in carrier recombination lifetime and electron density for 5% excess PbI2 added to the precursor solution, with little change noted in electron and hole mobility values. Grain size variation (120–2100 nm) and MASCN addition induce no significant change in carrier-related parameters considered, highlighting the benign nature of the grain boundaries and that excess PbI2 must predominantly passivate bulk defects rather than defects situated at grain boundaries. This study offers a unique picture of additive impact on MAPbI3 optoelectronic properties as elucidated by the new CRPH approach.
关键词： photo-Hall characterization,defect passivation,charge carrier transport,perovskites,charge recombination
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22