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Non-redundant array configurations for optical interferometric systems combined with a large telescope
摘要： In this paper, we propose a method to design the configuration of the interferometric array working with a large telescope. It limits the array configuration region and minimum aperture distance to make sure baseline length is in a certain interval. And it gives aperture locations by “push” and “pull” operations. The UV-plane coverage obtained from this method has the advantage that there is no overlap between UV-plane coverage from the interferometric array and the large aperture telescope, and the overall UV-plane coverage is non-redundant and symmetric. Specifically, design results with varying diameters of the large telescope are provided.
关键词： UV-plane coverage,Configuration design,Interferometric array
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Modular Subarrayed Phased Array Design by Means of Iterative Convex Relaxation Optimization
摘要： Subarray design technique is widely employed in the design of planar phased arrays. However, it’s hard to obtain full coverage and good radiation performance with the given shape of subarrays and array aperture. In this letter, the subarray design problem is formulated as an iterative convex relaxation model and solved through some steps subtly. Besides, the scanning sidelobe level is adopted to retrieve the optimal configuration among the found solutions. Numerical experiments are carried out to assess the performance of the proposed method as well as the inherent superiority in adaptive beamforming.
关键词： modular subarray,convex relaxation,subarray design,adaptive beamforming
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Review—System-on-Chip SMO Gas Sensor Integration in Advanced CMOS Technology
摘要： The growing demand for the integration of functionalities on a single device is peaking with the rise of IoT. We are near to having multiple sensors in portable and wearable technologies, made possible through integration of sensor fabrication with mature CMOS manufacturing. In this paper we address semiconductor metal oxide sensors, which have the potential to become a universal sensor since they can be used in many emerging applications. This review concentrates on the gas sensing capabilities of the sensor and summarizes achievements in modeling relevant materials and processes for these emerging devices. Recent advances in sensor fabrication and the modeling thereof are further discussed, followed by a description of the essential electro-thermal-mechanical analyses, employed to estimate the devices’ mechanical reliability. We further address advances made in understanding the sensing layer, which can be modeled similar to a transistor, where instead of a gate contact, the ionosorped gas ions create a surface potential, changing the film’s conduction. Due to the intricate nature of the porous sensing films and the reception-transduction mechanism, many added complexities must be addressed. The importance of a thorough understanding of the electro-thermal-mechanical problem and how it links to the operation of the sensing film is thereby highlighted.
关键词： SMO gas sensors,CMOS integration,sensing mechanism,modeling,microheater design
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Azobenzene-based small molecular photoswitches for protein modulation
摘要： Molecular photoswitches are a class of chemical structures that can readily isomerize between distinct geometries upon irradiation with light. Molecular photoswitches are utilized to control protein structure and function with temporal and spatial precision. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the development of azobenzene-based molecular photoswitches and their applications in the photocontrol of protein structure and function. For clarity of discussion, we divide the known photoswitchable proteins into different categories: protein motifs, ion channels, receptors, and enzymes. Basic approaches and considerations for the structure-guided design of photoswitchable ligands are discussed. The applications and limitations of current photoswitches are also discussed.
关键词： protein modulation,molecular design,azobenzene,photocontrol,photoswitches
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Beryllium-Based Multilayer Mirrors and Filters for the Extreme Ultraviolet Range
摘要： This paper presents the first results of systematic studies of beryllium as a material for multilayer mirrors (MLM) and transmission filters (TF) for the EUV spectral range. The objective for the study is the need for the increase in reflectivity and spectral resolution of MLMs for studying the Sun's corona. We investigated Mo/Be (working wavelength is 13.2 nm), Be/Al and Be/Si/Al (17.1 and 30.4 nm) multilayers, as well as free-standing Be films. It was shown that the Be-containing MLMs have significant advantage in reflectivity while their spectral pass-band is similar to beryllium-free MLMs. Observation of the MLMs in the course of 20 months has not revealed any significant decrease in the reflection coefficient. Effect of the silicon interlayers on reflectance of Be/Al MLM is explained. Investigation of a free-standing beryllium filter of the 160 nm thickness showed that its mechanical strength is approximately at the same level as that of the aluminum filter with the same thickness. There is also high stability of the transmittance.
关键词： Multilayers,Multilayer Design,X-ray Mirrors,Space Optics
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Metasurfaces for Advanced Sensing and Diagnostics
摘要： Interest in sensors and their applications is rapidly evolving, mainly driven by the huge demand of technologies whose ultimate purpose is to improve and enhance health and safety. Different electromagnetic technologies have been recently used and achieved good performances. Despite the plethora of literature, limitations are still present: limited response control, narrow bandwidth, and large dimensions. MetaSurfaces, artificial 2D materials with peculiar electromagnetic properties, can help to overcome such issues. In this paper, a generic tool to model, design, and manufacture MetaSurface sensors is developed. First, their properties are evaluated in terms of impedance and constitutive parameters. Then, they are linked to the structure physical dimensions. Finally, the proposed method is applied to realize devices for advanced sensing and medical diagnostic applications: glucose measurements, cancer stage detection, water content recognition, and blood oxygen level analysis. The proposed method paves a new way to realize sensors and control their properties at will. Most importantly, it has great potential to be used for many other practical applications, beyond sensing and diagnostics.
关键词： MetaSurface,sensors,cancer detection,modeling,medical diagnostics,glucose measurements,design
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Interplay between Composition, Electronic Structure, Disorder, and Doping due to Dual Sublattice Mixing in Nonequilibrium Synthesis of ZnSnN <sub/>2</sub> :O
摘要： The opportunity for enhanced functional properties in semiconductor solid solutions has attracted vast scientific interest for a variety of novel applications. However, the functional versatility originating from the additional degrees of freedom due to atomic composition and ordering comes along with new challenges in characterization and modeling. Developing predictive synthesis–structure–property relationships is prerequisite for effective materials design strategies. Here, a first-principles based model for property prediction in such complex semiconductor materials is presented. This framework incorporates nonequilibrium synthesis, dopants and defects, and the change of the electronic structure with composition and short range order. This approach is applied to ZnSnN2 (ZTN) which has attracted recent interest for photovoltaics. The unintentional oxygen incorporation and its correlation with the cation stoichiometry leads to the formation of a solid solution with dual sublattice mixing. A nonmonotonic doping behavior as a function of the composition is uncovered. The degenerate doping of near-stoichiometric ZTN, which is detrimental for potential applications, can be lowered into the 1017 cm?3 range in highly off-stoichiometric material, in quantitative agreement with experiments.
关键词： multinary material,computational materials design,disorder,semiconductor solid solution,electronic structure,nonequilibrium synthesis,defects
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Design and optimization of open-channel water ultraviolet disinfection reactor
摘要： Design and optimization have developed gradually from a methodology for academic attraction into a technology that has made a significant impact on the industrial growth. A careful and well-optimized design of open-channel water ultraviolet (UV) disinfection reactor ensures the achievement of minimum UV dose required, as well as allowing the minimum operational costs. Such UV reactors are mostly utilized in water treatment plants throughout the world to provide the system for disinfecting the drinking water. Yet, at present, lack of rigorous quantitative understanding of behavior in such reactor geometries is shown to limit the versatile and efficient optimization of UV reactor. A new UV reactor design concept is essential that should be able to consider the three significant parameters, namely: uniform UV light propagation within the open-channel UV reactor, providing optimum lamp positioning within the volume of the UV reactor and should allow optimum flow rate of the water. It is approved that computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation can be used as a quick and cheap means for design and optimization of water disinfection UV reactor. A novel design and optimization approach which combines CFD modeling, design of experiment (DOE), response surface method (RSM) and goal-driven optimization (GDO) was presented for open-channel water UV disinfection reactor. This methodology includes a heuristic approach from scratch to the final optimal solution. The optimal design variables which have the optimum value of the object functions were identified through proposed methodology. The results showed that the CFD method can be employed for estimation of the optimum design, even though the shape of the open-channel UV reactor is complex. The CFD results reveal that the UV dose distribution and flow of water were largely dependent on the lamp positioning. This paper demonstrates that UV reactor optimization in conceptual design is possible using a commercial CFD package. As a conclusion, the proposed design and optimization technique based on DOE, RSM and GDO could be a suitable technique prior to a final design of open-channel water UV disinfection reactor.
关键词： Water disinfection,Open-channel,Reactor design,Fluence rate,CFD,Optimization
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Mathematical model development and optimal design of the horizontal all-glass evacuated tube solar collectors integrated with bottom mirror reflectors for solar energy harvesting
摘要： As one of the inexhaustible energy sources, solar energy as a means to provide space heating has been a public interest for decades. Many stand-alone solar thermal technologies have come into practice to replace the out-of-date systems. However, conventional solar thermal systems present two drawbacks: (1) unsteady solar sources can lead to insufficient heating in the winter, and (2) the solar collectors can become overheated in the summer. Therefore, this study proposes a conceptual design of an integrated solar harvesting unit that consists of the horizontal all-glass evacuated tube solar collectors and bottom mirror reflectors to overcome the above drawbacks to the largest extent possible. To accomplish this, a generic mathematical model of this design unit was developed, followed by the model validation process and optimal design analysis. For cities in the severe cold and cold climate zones of northern China, the bottom mirror reflectors can be regarded as solar energy collection boosters during the heating season, which can contribute solar energy ranging from 40% to 80% of the total collected solar energy depending on the inclined angles of the solar collectors and reflectors. In the summer, using such integrated unit with the solar collectors tilted at an obtuse angle, the absorbed solar radiation can be reduced by 20%, which is beneficial to overheating prevention.
关键词： Horizontal evacuated tube solar collector,Mathematical model,Optimal design,Bottom mirror reflector,Model validation
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Scaling-up a heterogeneous H2O2/TiO2/solar-radiation system using the Damk?hler number
摘要： A falling film photocatalytic solar reactor (FFR) and a tubular reactor with compound parabolic collectors (CPCR) were modeled. An empirical reaction mechanism was proposed for the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants using TiO2, and H2O2. An analytical kinetic rate was deducted from the mechanism in order to describe the change of H2O2 concentration and the rate of destruction of total organic carbon (TOC). The profiles of the absorption rate of photons in the heterogeneous medium were estimated by using the absorption-scattering radiation six-flux model (SFM). A dimensionless number that we named Damk?hler of a photocatalytic reactor was proposed. Finally, the modeling was validated against experimental data for the TOC destruction obtained from the mineralization of dicloxacillin (DCX) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), which we considered as model pollutants.
关键词： Photoreaction scaling-up,Photoreactor design,Emerging pollutants,Titanium dioxide
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36