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The effects of laser stimulation at acupoint ST36 on anxiety-like behaviors and anterior cingulate cortex c-Fos expression in a rat post-traumatic stress disorder model
摘要： Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that is linked with the onset of multiple anxiety-like behaviors. This study was designed to assess how these behaviors and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) c-Fos expression were impacted by 10.6-μm laser stimulation at acupoint ST36 a rat model of PTSD. A rat model of PTSD was prepared via prolonged exposure of animals to a stressor, followed by a 7-day period during which animals were allowed to rest undisturbed in their cages. Rats were randomized into four experimental groups (n = 12/group): the control, PTSD, LS, and sham LS groups. Control group animals were not subjected to SPS procedures prior to behavioral testing. LS and sham LS animals were administered LS treatment at bilateral ST36 acupoints or non-acupoints, respectively, for a 7-day period. Animals were then assessed for performance in elevated plus maze (EPM) tests and open-field tests (OFT), and their plasma corticosterone levels were measured. In addition, c-Fos-positive nuclei in the ACC were detected via immunohistochemical staining. Relative to sham LS treatment and PTSD model control rats, LS was associated with increased time spent in both open EPM test arms and in the central area in the OFT (P < 0.05). The PTSD model group exhibited a significant reduction in ACC c-Fox expression, while LS treatment significantly increased this expression (P < 0.001). In addition, a correlation was detected between anxiety-like behaviors and altered ACC neuronal activation. The results of this study indicate that LS at acupoint ST36 can have a previously unreported effect on anxiety-like behaviors in the context of PTSD, with ACC neuronal activation potentially being implicated as a driver of this effect.
关键词： Anterior cingulate cortex,Anxiety-like behavior,Post-traumatic stress disorder,Laser stimulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effects of scarring on quantum chaos in disordered quantum wells
摘要： The suppression of chaos in quantum reality is evident in quantum scars, i.e. in enhanced probability densities along classical periodic orbits. They provide opportunities in controlling quantum transport in nanoscale quantum systems. Here, we study energy level statistics of perturbed two-dimensional quantum systems exhibiting recently discovered, strong perturbation-induced quantum scarring. In particular, we focus on the effect of local perturbations and an external magnetic field on both the eigenvalue statistics and scarring. Energy spectra are analyzed to investigate the chaoticity of the quantum system in the context of the Bohigas–Giannoni–Schmidt conjecture. We find that in systems where strong perturbation-induced scars are present, the eigenvalue statistics are mostly mixed, i.e. between Wigner–Dyson and Poisson pictures in random matrix theory. However, we report interesting sensitivity of both the eigenvalue statistics to the perturbation strength, and analyze the physical mechanisms behind this effect.
关键词： quantum well,energy-level statistics,disorder,quantum scar,quantum chaos
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Why it is so hard to detect Luttinger liquids in angle resolved photo-emission spectroscopy?
摘要： The problem of photoemission from a quasi-1D material is studied. We identify two issues that play a key role in the detection of gapless Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid (TLL) phase. Firstly, we show how a disorder—backward scattering as well as forward scattering component—is able to significantly obscure the TLL states, hence the initial state of angle resolved photo-emission spectroscopy (ARPES). Secondly, we investigate the photo-electron propagation towards a sample’s surface. We focus on the scattering path operator contribution to the final state of ARPES. We show that, in the particular conditions set by the 1D states, one can derive an exact analytical solution for this intermediate stage of ARPES. The solution shows that for particular energies of incoming photons the intensity of photo-current may be substantially reduced. Finally, we put together the two aspects (the disorder and the scattering path operator) to show the full, disruptive force of any inhomogeneities on the ARPES amplitude.
关键词： nanotubes,Fresnel diffraction,quasi-1D materials,disorder,ARPES,Tomonaga–Luttinger liquids
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Disorder in H <sup>+</sup> -irradiated HOPG: effect of impinging energy and dose on Raman D-band splitting and surface topography
摘要： Disorder was induced in pristine highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) by irradiation with H+ ions with energies of 0.4 MeV and 1 MeV, and doses of 1014 ions/cm2 and 1016 ions/cm2. Raman spectroscopy was used as the main technique to characterize different samples and gain new insights on the splitting of the D band into two components (D1 and D2), trying to correlate this feature of the vibrational spectrum with the impinging energy and dose. An increased ID2/IG ratio in comparison with ID1/IG was observed in the irradiated samples. This behavior indicates that the impinging energy mainly affects the D1 component, while the D2 component is strongly dominated by the dose. We expect a larger contribution of defects (originating from the rupture of C–C sp2 symmetry through the formation of C–H sp3 bonds) to the D2 component than to the D1 component. SQUID measurements of the irradiated samples showed an enhancement in the normalized remanence, as well as an increment in coercivity compared to pristine HOPG, consistent with H+-induced point-like defects as well as C–H bonds. AFM scanning after Raman and SQUID characterization showed a distribution of surface defects, which were ascribed to the burst of hydrogen blisters formed as a consequence of the irradiation process. The results presented in this work contribute to the current trend in nanotechnology in areas devoted to the control of properties by defect engineering in carbon-based materials.
关键词： ion–solid interactions,highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG),topography,Raman spectroscopy,disorder
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Interplay between Composition, Electronic Structure, Disorder, and Doping due to Dual Sublattice Mixing in Nonequilibrium Synthesis of ZnSnN <sub/>2</sub> :O
摘要： The opportunity for enhanced functional properties in semiconductor solid solutions has attracted vast scientific interest for a variety of novel applications. However, the functional versatility originating from the additional degrees of freedom due to atomic composition and ordering comes along with new challenges in characterization and modeling. Developing predictive synthesis–structure–property relationships is prerequisite for effective materials design strategies. Here, a first-principles based model for property prediction in such complex semiconductor materials is presented. This framework incorporates nonequilibrium synthesis, dopants and defects, and the change of the electronic structure with composition and short range order. This approach is applied to ZnSnN2 (ZTN) which has attracted recent interest for photovoltaics. The unintentional oxygen incorporation and its correlation with the cation stoichiometry leads to the formation of a solid solution with dual sublattice mixing. A nonmonotonic doping behavior as a function of the composition is uncovered. The degenerate doping of near-stoichiometric ZTN, which is detrimental for potential applications, can be lowered into the 1017 cm?3 range in highly off-stoichiometric material, in quantitative agreement with experiments.
关键词： multinary material,computational materials design,disorder,semiconductor solid solution,electronic structure,nonequilibrium synthesis,defects
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Grayscale Nanopatterning of Phase-Change Materials for Subwavelength-Scaled, Inherently Planar, Nonvolatile, and Reconfigurable Optical Devices
摘要： The integration of phase-change materials into the design of optical metasurfaces already enables dynamically switchable, tunable, and reconfigurable optical devices. Their functionality is based on fast and repeatable switching between two stable states - amorphous and crystalline - which is typically accompanied by drastic changes of the electrical and optical properties and can be accomplished by external stimuli. In this study, we demonstrate that focused ion beam irradiation can be used to locally tailor the amount of disorder in phase-change materials in highly confined regions, which was examined both in the visible and mid infrared by using optical nano-imaging techniques such as photo-induced force microscopy and scattering type scanning near-field optical microscopy. Our approach enables grayscale patterning at the nanoscale circumventing the diffraction limit of common laser light sources and thus literally adds a further degree of freedom for the design of optical devices that are subwavelength-scaled, inherently planar, nonvolatile, and reconfigurable.
关键词： focused ion irradiation,grayscale,tailoring disorder,nanopatterning,phase-change materials,nano-imaging
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Compositional Control in 2D Perovskites with Alternating Cations in the Interlayer Space for Photovoltaics with Efficiency over 18%
摘要： Microplastics (MPs) are considered as a pollutant of marine environments and have become a global environmental problem in recent years. A number of studies have demonstrated that MPs can enter the human food chain, and MPs have even been detected in human stools. Therefore, there is increasing concern about the potential risks of MPs to human and animal health. Here, we investigated maternal polystyrene MPs exposure during gestation and lactation and evaluated the potential effects on dams and the F1 (both PND 42 and 280) and F2 (PND 42) generations. The results of transcriptome and 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that MPs caused the metabolic disorder in maternal MPs associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and gut barrier dysfunction. Simultaneously, maternal MPs exposure also had the intergenerational effects and even caused long-term metabolic consequences in the F1 and F2 generations. In addition, in F1 (PND 42), the composition of gut microbiota did not change significantly, while the hepatic transcriptome and serum metabolite changes showed the potential risk in metabolic disorder. Then, the potential of hepatic lipid accumulation was observed in adult F1 mice (PND 280), especially in the female mice. Our results demonstrated that maternal MPs exposure during gestation and lactation increases the risk of metabolic disorder, and these results provide new insight into the potential long-term hazards of MPs.
关键词： Polystyrene,Intergenerational effects,Maternal exposure,Microplastics,Metabolic disorder,Gut microbiota
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall) - Xiamen, China (2019.12.17-2019.12.20)] 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall) - A Multifunctional Polarization Converter Base on Solid Plasma Metasurface
摘要： Recent advances in wearable and/or biomedical sensing technologies have made it possible to record continuous biomedical signals over long periods of time. This paper reviews multiscale approaches for their analysis.
关键词： heart failure,multiscale fluctuations,spontaneous physical activity,complex biosignals,Autonomic nervous system,psychiatric disorder,dynamical disease,heart rate variability
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 2nd International Conference on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (SGRE) - Doha, Qatar (2019.11.19-2019.11.21)] 2019 2nd International Conference on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (SGRE) - An Assessment of Different Electricity Tariffs on Residential Photovoltaic System Profitability: Australian Case Study
摘要： The objective evaluation of depressive mood is considered to be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders. Thus, we investigated psychobehavioral correlates, particularly the statistical associations between momentary depressive mood and behavioral dynamics measured objectively, in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy subjects. Patients with MDD (n = 14) and healthy subjects (n = 43) wore a watch-type computer device and rated their momentary symptoms using ecological momentary assessment. Spontaneous physical activity in daily life, referred to as locomotor activity, was also continuously measured by an activity monitor built into the device. A multilevel modeling approach was used to model the associations between changes in depressive mood scores and the local statistics of locomotor activity simultaneously measured. We further examined the cross validity of such associations across groups. The statistical model established indicated that worsening of the depressive mood was associated with the increased intermittency of locomotor activity, as characterized by a lower mean and higher skewness. The model was cross validated across groups, suggesting that the same psychobehavioral correlates are shared by both healthy subjects and patients, although the latter had significantly higher mean levels of depressive mood scores. Our findings suggest the presence of robust as well as common associations between momentary depressive mood and behavioral dynamics in healthy individuals and patients with depression, which may lead to the continuous monitoring of the pathogenic processes (from healthy states) and pathological states of MDD.
关键词： Depressive mood,multilevel modeling,major depressive disorder (MDD),ecological momentary assessment (EMA),locomotor activity
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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The influence of educational measures and low-level laser phototherapy on temporomandibular disorders
摘要： Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with low-power laser is used for pain relief in several clinical conditions, including temporomandibular disorders (TMD). As musculoskeletal pain often produces changes in motor behavior, it is common for patients with TMD to present limited mandibular movements. To the date, there is no consensus about the optimal dosimetric parameters of PMBT for TMD. This randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial aims to evaluate pain relief and mandibular mobility in patients with TMD following treatments with 2 laser wavelengths, red (660 nm) and infrared (808 nm) individually and in combination as compared to a placebo treatment. One-hundred participants presenting myalgia and arthralgia, with disk displacement or not, will be selected based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. All participants will be instructed about the etiology, prognosis, and self-care techniques for pain control on TMD, and followed up for 2 weeks. After this period, those who still present pain score over 4 in a visual analog scale (VAS) will be included in the study. Participants will be randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups: G1 = placebo (SHAM); G2 = PBMT with red laser (660 nm, 0.034 cm2, 88 J/cm2, 100 mW, 3 J/point); G3 = PBMT with infrared laser (808 nm, 0.034 cm2, 88 J/cm2, 100 mW, 3 J/point); and G4 = PBMT with red and infrared laser alternated between sessions. The treatment consists of 8 sessions, 2 times a week. The effect of the proposed therapies will be measured by: pain reduction in VAS; pressure pain threshold on TMJ, masseter and temporal muscles; and the amplitude of mandibular movements (opening, protrusion, and right and left lateral movements). The data will be collected at the following times: initial (T1), after the 1st treatment session (T2), at the end of treatment (T3), and 30 days after the last PBMT session (T4). For statistical analysis will be used 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance test, complemented by a post hoc Tukey test (P < .05).
关键词： pain pressure threshold,multiple wavelengths,temporomandibular disorder,low-level laser therapy,orofacial pain,phototherapy,mandibular function,counseling
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59