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Commentary on the Photomicrodebridement of Unstable Burn Scars Using Ablative Fractional CO2 Laser
摘要： Brown and colleagues describe a case of a 25% total body surface area burn patient with a course complicated by contractures, scar hypertrophy, and chronic skin breakdown despite grafts, multiple release procedures, and wound care. The authors treated her hypertrophic scars and open wounds with photomicrodebridement using ablative fractional (AF) carbon dioxide (CO2) laser (10,600 nm, UltraPulse; Lumenis, Ltd, DeepFx Hand Piece, 100 mJ/cm2, 3% density) followed by topical Kenalog 10 mg/ml and a bandage with betamethasone. Response was “dramatic” with evidence of almost complete wound closure by Day 10.
关键词： Photomicrodebridement,Laser-assisted drug delivery,Betamethasone,Kenalog,Unstable Burn Scars,Ablative Fractional CO2 Laser
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Multi‐Factors Associated With Efficacy and Adverse Events of Fractional Erbium:YAG Laser‐Assisted Delivery of Topical Betamethasone for Stable Vitiligo: A Retrospective Analysis
摘要： Background and Objectives: Although topical corticosteroids are still the first‐line option for vitiligo, its efficacy is still unsatisfactory for stable vitiligo. A few studies have focused on laser‐assisted drug delivery (LADD) but were limited by their sample deficiency and analyses of the influencing factors. To determine the efficacy, adverse events, and their influencing factors of fractional erbium: yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Er:YAG) laser‐assisted topical delivery of corticosteroids in stable vitiligo. Study Design/Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1,026 lesions in 684 patients with stable vitiligo who underwent treatment with fractional Er:YAG laser‐assisted delivery of topical compound betamethasone solution between January 2014 and December 2017. Multi‐factors associated with different outcomes were analyzed by logistic regression in this study. Results: A total of 413 of 1,026 lesions (40.3%) were effective 12 months after the first treatment. Age (<14 years old), disease duration (<1 year), lesion location (on face and neck), hairy lesions, and drug concentration were independent factors associated with effective repigmentation. A common adverse event was hyperpigmentation (14.4%), which was highly correlated with 22% density. Conclusions: Fractional Er:YAG laser‐assisted delivery of topical compound betamethasone is a good option for the management of vitiligo. The treatment may be suggested in these situations: younger patients, shorter disease duration, and lesions on the face and neck with hair. The appearance of white hair in the lesion area does not affect our confidence in vitiligo treatment. Density >22% may cause hyperpigmentation, but it does not significantly contribute to the efficacy.
关键词： betamethasone,laser‐assisted drug delivery,fractional Er:YAG laser,vitiligo,repigmentation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Applications in Bioimaging, Biosensing, and Therapy
摘要： Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are carbon-based, nanoscale particles that exhibit excellent chemical, physical, and biological properties that allow them to excel in a wide range of applications in nanomedicine. The unique electronic structure of GQDs confers functional attributes onto these nanomaterials such as strong and tunable photoluminescence for use in fluorescence bioimaging and biosensing, a high loading capacity of aromatic compounds for small-molecule drug delivery, and the ability to absorb incident radiation for use in the cancer-killing techniques of photothermal and photodynamic therapy. Recent advances in the development of GQDs as novel, multifunctional biomaterials are presented with a focus on their physicochemical, electronic, magnetic, and biological properties, along with a discussion of technical progress in the synthesis of GQDs. Progress toward the application of GQDs in bioimaging, biosensing, and therapy is reviewed, along with a discussion of the current limitations and future directions of this exciting material.
关键词： biosensing,quantum dots,drug delivery,nanomedicine,bioimaging,graphene
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Laser-assisted MAL-PDT associated with acoustic pressure wave ultrasound with short incubation time for field cancerization treatment: a left-right comparison
摘要： Background: Laser-assisted MAL-PDT has been reported to increase the effectiveness of conventional PDT. Nonetheless, clinical effects of this association when reducing MAL is poorly discussed. Furthermore, the association of acoustic pressure wave ultrasound with laser-assisted MAL-PDT with short incubation time for field cancerization had not been reported before. Objectives: To compare clinical effects of ablative fractional laser-assisted MAL-PDT associated with acoustic pressure wave ultrasound (IMPACT US) with 1-hour field cancerization on the forearms, as well as the impact on safety and tolerability. Methods: Fifteen patients with 638 AK (grade I-III) with field cancerized-skin on the forearms were enrolled in this left-right trial. Two protocols were randomly chosen. One side was treated with conventional MAL-PDT, whereas the other with laser-assisted MAL-PDT associated with acoustic pressure wave ultrasound with 1-hour incubation time. Actinic keratoses were quantitively measured, and the other signs of sun-damaged skin, like pigmentation and texture, in field cancerized skin were qualitatively evaluated before and after six months. Side effects were assessed subjectively during the procedure and one week after. Results: All patients completed the study. At six months after treatment, both protocols reduced the number of AK (72%; CO2 + PDT, and 65%; MAL-PDT). The difference between these two protocols was not statistically significant (p = 0.77). The improvement of pigmentation and texture of field cancerized skin was more significant on the side treated with laser-assisted MAL-PDT associated with acoustic pressure wave ultrasound. Both protocols were well tolerated and without significant difference in adverse events. Conclusion: Laser-assisted MAL-PDT using CO2 laser and acoustic pressure wave ultrasound with short incubation time of 1 hour was as effective as conventional MAL-PDT for field-cancerized skin with actinic keratosis in forearms with better cosmetic outcome.
关键词： Incubation time,Skin field cancerization,Actinic keratosis,Ablative fractional laser assisted photodynamic therapy,laser-assisted drug delivery
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A Robust and General Approach to Quantitatively Conjugate Enzymes to Plasmonic Nanoparticles
摘要： Bioconjugates of plasmonic nanoparticles have received considerable attention due to their potential biomedical applications. Succesfull bioconjugation requires control over the number and activity of the conjugated proteins, and the colloidal stability of the particles. In practice, this requires re-optimization of the conjugation protocol for each combination of protein and nanoparticle. Here we report a robust and general protocol that allows for the conjugation of a range of proteins to di?erent types of nanoparticles using very short polyethylene-glycol(PEG) linkers, while simultaneously preserving protein activity and colloidal stability. The use of short linkers ensures that the protein is located close to the particle surface, where their refractive index sensitivity and near-?eld enhancement is maximal. We demonstrate that the use a Tween20 containing stabilizing bu?er is critical in maintaining colloidal stability and protein function throughout the protocol. We obtain quantitative control over the average number of enzymes per particle by either varying the number of functional groups on the particle, or the enzyme concentration during incubation. This new route of preparing quantitative protein-nanoparticle bioconjugates paves the way to develop rational and quantitative strategies to functionalize nanoparticles for applications in sensing, medical diagnostics and drug delivery.
关键词： medical diagnostics,drug delivery,quantitative control,protein activity,plasmonic nanoparticles,colloidal stability,sensing,bioconjugation,PEG linkers,Tween20
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Treatment of port wine stain with Tixel‐induced rapamycin delivery following pulsed dye laser application
摘要： Background: Although pulsed dye laser (PDL) is considered the gold standard treatment for port wine stains (PWS), post PDL revascularization is one of the main causes of incomplete regression and recurrence. Recently, topical sirolimus have been shown to improve treatment outcome probably through minimizing post-laser revascularization. Objectives: We sought to evaluate the added value of the Tixel drug delivery system (DDS) to the PDL and topical rapamycin treatment for PWS. Materials and Methods: This case series includes 3 teenager patients with previously treated PWS with PDL. Upon enrollment, every stain was divided into A and B halves for treatment assignments to the following regimens: (A) PDL + DDS + Rapamycin; (B) PDL+ Rapamycin. Subjects were instructed to apply Rapamycin topically over the PWS twice daily for the entire treatment period. Assessment of the treatment and adverse reactions as well as photographs was performed at baseline and before every PDL treatment. Results: There were clinically significant differences in blanching responses favoring PWS receiving PDL + DDS + Rapamycin as compared to PDL + Rapamycin alone. Transient hyperpigmentation was noted in 1 patient. Two patients developed mild transient irritation and dermatitis following the treatment on both halves. Conclusion: The use of drug delivery system combined with topical rapamycin has no remarkable adverse effects, improves the results of PDL treatment for port wine stains, and can reduce the total number of required PDL sessions.
关键词： tixel,port wine stain,pulsed dye laser,Drug delivery,Rapamycin
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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<p>Photoluminescent And Self-Assembled Hyaluronic Acid-Zinc Oxide-Ginsenoside Rh2 Nanoparticles And Their Potential Caspase-9 Apoptotic Mechanism Towards Cancer Cell Lines</p>
摘要： Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in modern cancer therapy based on their specific target, efficacy, low toxicity and biocompatibility. The photocatalytic performance of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites with hyaluronic acid (HA) was used to study anticancer properties against various human cancer cell lines. Methods: Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites functionalized by hyaluronic acid (HA) were prepared by a co-precipitation method (HA-ZnONcs). The submicron-flower-shaped nanocomposites were further functionalized with ginsenoside Rh2 by a cleavable ester bond via carbodiimide chemistry to form Rh2HAZnO. The physicochemical behaviors of the synthesized ZnO nanocomposites were characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. We carried out 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to evaluate the toxicity of Rh2HAZnO in various human cancer cells (A549, MCF-7, and HT29). Furthermore, to confirm the apoptotic effects of Rh2HAZnO and to determine the role of the Caspase-9/p38 MAPK pathways by various molecular techniques such as RT-PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, Rh2HAZnO induced morphological changes of these cell lines, mainly intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed by ROS staining and nucleus by Hoechst staining. Results: We confirmed that Rh2HAZnO exhibits the anti-cancer effects on A549 lung cancer, HT29 colon cancer, and MCF7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in three cancer cell lines. Rh2HAZnO induced apoptotic process through p53-mediated pathway by upregulating p53 and BAX and downregulating BCL2. Specifically, Rh2HAZnO induced activation of cleaved PARP (Asp214) in A549 lung cancer cells and upregulated Caspase-9/phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in other cell lines (HT29 and MCF-7). Furthermore, Rh2HAZnO induced morphological changes in the nucleus of these cell lines. Conclusion: These results suggest that the potential anticancer activity of novel Rh2HAZnO nanoparticles might be linked to induction of apoptosis through the generation of ROS by activation of the Caspase-9/p38 MAPK pathway.
关键词： anticancer activity,ginsenoside Rh2,zinc oxide nanocomposites,drug delivery,cytotoxicity,Dendropanax morbifera Léveille
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Photothermally-Enhanced Molecular Delivery and Cellular Positioning on Patterned Plasmonic Interfaces
摘要： Photothermal conversion effect of plasmonic nanostructures is considered as a promising technique for cellular and molecular manipulations owing to controllability of local temperature. Therefore, this technique has been extensively applied to biological studies such as controlling cellular behavior, delivery of biologics, and biomolecular detection. Herein, we propose a novel method for directed cell positioning and photothermally-modulated molecular delivery to the cells using patterned plasmonic interfaces. Plasmonic substrates with gold nanorods (GNRs) and cell adhesion molecules fabricated by microcontact printing are optimized for cellular positioning on designated patterns. Through the photothermal conversion effect of GNRs on the pattern, we further demonstrate on-demand, light-induced delivery of drug molecules to the target cells. We expect that this approach will provide a new way to study single cellular behaviors and enhance molecular delivery to the target cells.
关键词： drug delivery,Photothermal conversion,gold nanorods,cell positioning,microcontact printing,plasmonic interfaces
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Controlled aggregation of amphiphilic aggregation‐induced emission polycation and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as fluorescence/magnetic resonance imaging probes
摘要： Fluorescence/magnetic resonance (MR) dual-mode imaging, which combines the excellent single-cell sensitivity of ?uorescence imaging and the high spatial resolution of MR imaging, has been applied to different biomedical applications. However, the aggregation-caused quenching characteristic of most ?uorescence molecules often put limits in their applications. Herein, a ?uorescence/MR dual-mode imaging probe [polyethylene glycol-polyethylenimine-tetraphenylethene (PEG-PEI-TPE)/superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)] with aggregation-induced emission characteristic is prepared by coupling poly(acrylic acid)-coated SPIO with PEG-PEI-TPE. The ?uorescence intensity and lifetime of PEG-PEI-TPE/SPIO is higher than PEG-PEI-TPE especially at lower polymer concentrations (≤0.2 mg mL?1). Moreover, the ?uorescence intensity of PEG-PEI-TPE/SPIO gradually increased along with the decline of the pH from 9.0 to 4.0, which is bene?cial for studying intracellular organelles. The T2 relaxivity of PEG-PEI-TPE/SPIO is 212.3 Fe mM?1 s?1 under a 3.0 T MR scanner. Cell labeling experiment shows that PEG-PEI-TPE/SPIO can effectively label RAW 264.7 and Hela cells, and labeled cells are visible under both ?uorescence and clinical MR examinations.
关键词： composites,drug delivery systems,dyes/pigments,biomedical applications,self-assembly
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Silk fibroin nanoparticles for enhanced bio-macromolecule delivery to the retina
摘要： The aim of this study was to investigate intravitreal injection of silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs) encapsulating bio-macromolecules, achieving enhanced drug bioavailability and extended retention in retina. SFNs were prepared with regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) using desolvation method with fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) as bio-macromolecular model drug encapsulated. In vitro physicochemical properties and in vitro drug release of FITC-BSA loaded SFNs (FITC-BSA-SFNs) were evaluated. Cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and retention of FITC-BSA-SFNs were determined in human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19). In addition, in vivo distribution and safety of intravitreally administered FITC-BSA-SFNs were investigated in New Zealand white rabbits. The particle size of FITC-BSA-SFNs was 179.1±3.7 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.102±0.033 and the zeta potential was greater than -25 mV. FITC-BSA-SFNs exhibited excellent biocompatibility with no cytotoxicity observed within 24 h and 48 h in AREP-19 cells. Compared to FITC-BSA solution, FITC-BSA-SFNs showed enhanced cellular uptake and prolonged retention. Furthermore, FITC-BSA-SFNs achieved accumulated distribution and extended retention in retina in vivo following intravitreal injection compared to a single administration of free drug solution. Therefore, this bio-macromolecule delivery platform based on SFNs could have great potential in the treatment of posterior segment disorders.
关键词： bio-macromolecules,Silk fibroin nanoparticles,ocular drug delivery,posterior segment diseases,intravitreal injection
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36