- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
Modeling the Impact of High Energy Laser Weapon on the Mission Effectiveness of Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles
摘要： With the rapid development of high energy laser weapons (HELWs), the integration of HELW on unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) has become a hot research topic. To study the impact of HELW on UCAV mission effectiveness, this paper proposes a 4-level design framework based on the system-of-system (SoS) oriented design. To validate the framework, the impact of HELW is analyzed in four aspects: the strike capability, the stealth performance, the vulnerability, and the defense capability, where the UCAV design constrains are noted. Simulation experiments of penetration scenario are carried out using agent-based modeling and simulation. The simulation results show that the integration of HELW can increase the survivability and mission effectiveness rate (MER) of the UCAV, especially for UCAVs with high speed and stealth performance. But the MER of the UCAV does not increase with the increase of HELW output power in most cases, indicating the importance of balancing the HELW and UCAV performances in concept design.
关键词： mission effectiveness evaluation,system-of-systems oriented design,agent-based modeling and simulation,High energy laser,unmanned combat aerial vehicle
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
-
Influence of the Laser Wavelength on Harmful Effects on Granite due to Biofilm Removal
摘要： The colonization of stone-built monuments by different organisms (algae, fungi, lichens, bacteria, and cyanobacteria) can lead to biodeterioration of the stone, negatively affecting the artistic value of the heritage. To address this issue, laser cleaning has been widely investigated in recent years, due to the advantages it offers over traditional mechanical and chemical methods: it is gradual, selective, contactless, and environmentally friendly. That said, the laser parameters should be optimized in order to avoid any by-effects on the surface as a result of overcleaning. However, as the adjustment of each parameter to clean polymineralic stones is a difficult task, it would be useful to know the effect of overcleaning on the different forming minerals depending on the wavelength used. In this paper, three different wavelengths (355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm) of a Q-Switch neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) laser, commonly known as QS Nd:YAG laser were applied to extract a naturally developed sub-aerial biofilm from Vilachán granite, commonly used in monuments in the Northwest (NW)Iberian Peninsula. In addition to the removal rate of the biofilm, the by-effects induced for fluences higher than the damage threshold of the stone were evaluated using stereomicroscopy, color spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that different removal rates were obtained depending on the wavelength used and 532 nm obtained the highest removal level. In terms of by-effects, biotite melting was registered on all surfaces regardless of the wavelength. In addition, 532 nm seemed to be the most aggressive laser system, inducing the greatest change in appearance as a result of extracting the kaolinite crackled coating and the segregations rich in Fe, which are a result of natural weathering. These changes were translated into colorimetric changes visible to the human eye. The surfaces treated with 355 nm and 1064 nm showed lower surface changes.
关键词： laser,granite,stone cleaning,cultural heritage,Nd:YAG,cleaning effectiveness
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
-
Selective laser trabeculoplasty in enhancing glaucoma care
摘要： Background/Aim There is increasing evidence for using selective laser trabeculoplasty as a first line treatment for chronic open angle glaucoma. The current first-line treatment is pharmacological therapy using eye drops. This study aims to assess the outcomes of selective laser trabeculoplasty in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension at a district general hospital and consider its role in reducing cost and treatment burden when treating patients with these conditions. Methods A single centre, retrospective case-note audit involving 58 eyes from 31 patients with a minimum follow-up of 4 months. Results Post selective laser trabeculoplasty, 62% had intraocular pressure <20 mmHg on latest follow up (36/58 eyes). Post selective laser trabeculoplasty, 10 patients (32%) were prescribed one fewer topical medication, while 20 patients (65%) were prescribed the same number of topical medications. Only 1 patient (3%) was prescribed one additional topical medication. Conclusion Selective laser trabeculoplasty is a safe and effective option for managing glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Selective laser trabeculoplasty may represent a cost-effective solution for healthcare providers as compared to pharmacological treatment.
关键词： Patient centred care,Glaucoma,SLT,Cost-effectiveness
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
Laser Therapy for the Treatment of Onychomycosis: Best Evidence Based Practice or Not?
摘要： Onychomycosis is a very common condition that accounts for 50% of all nail pathologies. Currently 2–5% of the world population suffers from this disorder. It is primarily caused by dermatophytes, but the infection can also be caused by yeasts and non-dermatophyte moulds. Onychomycosis is a therapeutic challenge and recently there has been an increase in resistance to oral and topical antifungal agents, leading to 20–25% relapse and/or reinfection rate. During the past 5 years, the emergence of laser therapy has been the topic of discussion as a newer, safer modality of treatment. Nail clippings and scrapings are the most common methods of sampling for suspected onychomycosis. The simplest method for detecting fungi is by way of 20% potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparations, but lately show insufficient sensitivity in onychomycosis – as much as 40–68%. Fungi can also be grown in culture form; however a 70% sensitivity detection failure rate is seen. Recently, histological fungal detection – in the form of Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stain – has shown high sensitivity at 92% in the detection of fungal elements. The exact mechanism of action of laser is unknown but it is believed that heat disintegrates fungal structures. One of the most appealing characteristics of laser therapy is its ability to deliver energy to the target tissue and avoid systemic side effects at the same time. In 2009 the United Kingdom (UK) Podiatry magazine Podiatry Now published a letter suggesting laser treatment was “possibly the most radical development in the treatment of onychomycosis our profession has ever seen”, although concerns were raised over the unproven efficacy and investment costs involved. Papers have been published investigating the efficacy of lasers for the treatment of onychomycosis. Even though laser therapy provides an alternative option with rapid procedure duration, conflicting evidence is shown in a variety of papers and studies with longer follow-up periods suggest onychomycosis relapse in those treated with laser, which warrants further investigation.
关键词： Heat,Laser,Effectiveness,Review,1064 nm wavelength,Onychomycosis,Resistance,New treatment
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
An Evaluation of the Effect on the Expansion of Photovoltaic Power Generation According to Renewable Energy Certificates on Energy Storage Systems: A Case Study of the Korean Renewable Energy Market
摘要： As part of efforts to cope with climate change, countries around the world have decided to supply photovoltaic (PV) power. However, since the integration of PV affects the reliability and stability of a power system, increasing the penetration of PV generation requires better system flexibility. For this reason, many countries have recently established policies to disseminate energy storage systems (ESS). In this paper, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of policies regarding ESS as a way to increase PV integration. We analyzed whether the policies were effective in spreading ESS to eventually increase PV integration. To do this, we first described the Korean government’s policy of establishing a profit structure for ESS through the Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) market and analyzed its effects on economic feasibility. We also analyzed how much the investment in ESS for PV integration has risen and assessed the contribution of spreading ESS to disseminate PV power. We found that ESS for the integration of PV have grown to a 41.0% share of Korea’s ESS market in kW, and 32.8% in kWh, while expanding the PV market by 13.7%.
关键词： energy storage system,policy effectiveness evaluation,photovoltaic generation integration,renewable energy certificate,economic feasibility analysis
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
High rate of clinical improvement of actinic cheilitis with laser, surgery, and chemotherapeutic agents in patients who have a favorable prognosis
摘要： This review does not in any way substitute for professional advice and should not be regarded as clinical guidance. As always, any evidence should be carefully considered by clinician and patient to ensure that in their views, all potentially desirable consequences outweigh all potentially undesirable consequences.
关键词： premalignant lesions,effectiveness,Pathology,actinic cheilitis,oral medicine,treatments,systematic review
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
[IEEE 2019 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE - Barcelona, Spain (2019.9.2-2019.9.6)] 2019 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE - Influence of Planar Material Size and Position on Shielding Effectiveness Measurements using the Dual Waveguide Method
摘要： The dual waveguide method for shielding effectiveness measurements is a very effective and practical method, as it can provide reliable results quickly and in a wide frequency range. However, when it comes to planar materials, the size and position of the sample is critical. Different sizes and shapes of the sample need to be tested in order to determine the one that provides reliable results. Furthermore, the position of the sample along the waveguide, as well as its distance from the source, using different lengths of waveguides, need to be investigated. In this paper, these two parameters are studied in order to examine their effect on the results.
关键词： shielding effectiveness,L-band waveguide,material,X-band waveguide,dual waveguide
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
-
A new production cost effectiveness factor for assessing photovoltaic module cooling techniques
摘要： Numerous cooling techniques are available to reduce photovoltaic module (PV) temperature and thus improve PV efficiency. Sometimes, the manufacturing cost of some PV cooling techniques is higher as compared with their power productivity, and thus the cost parameter is needed to be taken into consideration to justify producing certain PV cooling techniques. This paper is intended to link the manufacturing cost of the PV cooler with its output power by providing an economic analysis as there is a research gap in previous studies related to the economic aspect of these products. It proposes a new method by defining and deriving a new parameter called the PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor whose value is affected by the PV efficiency gained of a PV with and without a cooler, the manufacturing cost of the PV cooling technique, and the cost of one watt of PV power. Based on the value of this new factor, three possible classifications are suggested. They are production/not production cost effective or neutral. To determine the optimum PV cooler, the minimum value of the PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor is defined. The applicability conditions and limitations of the proposed method are illustrated. It is shown that the PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor and its minimum value are helpful in classifying the PV cooling techniques based on their power productivity and manufacturing cost. This parameter may have a potential to be used by PV cooling technique designers and manufacturers on making their design decisions.
关键词： manufacturing cost,photovoltaic module,photovoltaic efficiency,PV cooling technique,PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness evaluation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
-
Radiology, Lasers, Nanoparticles and Prosthetics || 8. Cell cycle and cancer
摘要： The present chapter is intended to provide a basic understanding of the cell’s life cycle and the difference between normal and cancerous cells. This information is a prerequisite for the rationale behind cancer treatment plans using radiotherapy discussed in Chapters 9–12. For more specific and detailed information on cell cycle the reader is referred to standard biology [1] or physiology textbooks listed under “Further reading”. Here we focus the discussion on the relation between dose and cell survival rate that is contextual information for the following chapters on radiotherapy.
关键词： radiation response,biological effectiveness,cell cycle,DNA replication,mitosis,oncogenes,apoptosis,tumor suppressors,fractionation,hypoxia,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,cancer
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
-
Trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis of toric versus monofocal intraocular lenses in cataract patients with bilateral corneal astigmatism in the Netherlands
摘要： To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of toric versus monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in cataract patients with bilateral corneal astigmatism. Setting: Two ophthalmology clinics in the Netherlands. Design: Prospective cost-effectiveness analysis. Methods: Resource-use data were collected over a 6-month postoperative period. Consecutive patients with bilateral age-related cataract and 1.25 diopters or more of corneal astigmatism were included in the economic evaluation. Patients were randomized to phacoemulsification with bilateral toric or monofocal IOL implantation. All relevant resources were included in the cost analysis. The base-case analysis was performed from a societal perspective based on quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The main outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Results: The analysis comprised 77 consecutive patients (33 toric IOL; 44 monofocal IOL). Societal costs were higher in the toric IOL group (V3203 [$3864]) than in the monofocal IOL group (V2796 [US$3373]). QALYs were slightly lower in the toric IOL group (0.30 versus 0.31; P Z .75). Toric IOLs were therefore inferior to monofocal IOLs from a cost-effectiveness perspective. The cost-effectiveness probability ranged from 1% to 15%, assuming a ceiling ratio for the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of V2500 to V20 000 per QALY. Conclusions: From a societal perspective, bilateral toric IOL implantation in cataract patients with corneal astigmatism was not cost-effective compared with monofocal IOL implantation. Copayment by patients should therefore be considered.
关键词： monofocal intraocular lens,corneal astigmatism,cost-effectiveness,toric intraocular lens,cataract
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36