- 标题
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES) - Cairo, Egypt (2019.9.4-2019.9.6)] 2019 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES) - Optimal Operation of Electric Vehicle Parking Lots with Rooftop Photovoltaics
摘要： Due to the rapidly increasing share of electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide, the abundance of EV parking lots (with charging capabilities) is becoming necessary to provide for charging needs in addition to attempting to fully utilize EVs for the benefit of future smart grids. Unmanaged charging of EVs can jeopardize stability and reliability of power systems. Hence, well-operated EV parking lots can be a good solution to enhance system stability. Equipping parking lots with rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) has been gaining interest as a good approach for their design and operation. During the day, when EVs are stationed in the parking lot and particularly in more commercial neighborhoods of cities, the EVs can be charged directly through solar generation, so that minimal stress on the distribution system occurs. This work aims to conduct a comparative study investigating the optimal strategies for the operation of PV-equipped EV parking lots. Multiple parameters are taken into consideration including weather conditions, uncertainty of EV owners’ schedules, and EV models. This analysis will result in finding the optimal strategy for the operation of the parking lot from the owner/operator point of view in order to minimize costs and maximize services provided to the grid.
关键词： Optimal operation,PV rooftop,Electric vehicles,Energy scheduling
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia) - Chengdu, China (2019.5.21-2019.5.24)] 2019 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia) - Coordinated Control Strategy of Electric Vehicles and Energy Storage System for Smoothing Power Fluctuations of Photovoltaics
摘要： The increasing penetration of distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation causes significant power fluctuations in the distribution network. To maintain power quality and reliability, some measures must be taken to manage these fluctuations. Energy storage system (ESS) which have the advantages of high power density and fast charging and discharging switching speed are widely proposed to smooth the PV fluctuations. However, the operation cost of ESS is expensive. Dispatching charging and discharging power of EV is an economical way to solve the problem, but the dispatchable capacity of EV is not always sufficient. Therefore, we propose a real-time control strategy that the PV power fluctuations can be smoothed by EVs and ESS, in which a convex optimization model is established to solve the problem. This strategy smooths the PV power under the uncertainties of the PV output using the flexibility of the EV. The smoothing performances can be ensured by ESS output when the dispatching capacity of EV is insufficient. The smoothing error is controllable with the convex optimization model. The proposed strategy is able to reduce the total installed capacity and avoid the overcharge and overdischarge of ESS. Case studies were carried out to demonstrate the validity and application advantages of the strategy.
关键词： power fluctuations,Distributed photovoltaics,real-time optimal dispatching,energy storage system,electric vehicles
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe) - Bucharest, Romania (2019.9.29-2019.10.2)] 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe) - Operation of a Low Voltage Distribution Grid in Cyprus and the Impact of Photovoltaics and Electric Vehicles
摘要： The operation of a typical 4-wire, radial, Low Voltage Distribution Grid (LVDG) in the Cyprus power system, where the neutral conductor is grounded only at the MV/LV transformer, is investigated under different scenarios. These include seasonal loading profiles and different penetration levels of photovoltaics (PVs) and electric vehicles (EVs). The analysis is focused on the impact of PVs and EVs on the voltage profile of the LVDG, the loading conditions of the distribution lines/cables and on the system losses. The results indicate that even with a moderate number of PVs, the admissible voltage limits can be exceeded due to the significant voltage drop across the neutral conductor. Moreover, the distribution lines/cables near the transformer can be overloaded if the charging process of the electric vehicles is not coordinated and is left freely to end users.
关键词： voltage profile,overloading conditions,photovoltaics,Electric vehicles,low voltage distribution grid
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Increasing electric vehicle hosting capacity and equality for fast charging stations using residential photovoltaics in medium‐ and low‐voltage distribution networks
摘要： To achieve broad installation of electric vehicles (EVs), it is important to deploy fast EV charging stations at many points without distribution network reinforcement. This study develops a methodology for evaluating the hosting capacity for fast EV charging loads under medium- and low-voltage (MV and LV) distribution networks with bus-voltage and line-current constraints; hence, the promising combination of fast EV charging and rooftop photovoltaic (PV) generation in distribution networks is analyzed. In particular, on a sunny day, the active power output supplied by rooftop PVs can be used to mitigate the voltage drop problem for end-use residential customers. On a cloudy day, even though the active power output is smaller, the residual inverter capacities of rooftop PVs can be used to generate reactive power from those systems. In addition, in order to evaluate the spatial equalization of the EV hosting capacity at fast charging stations, an equalization factor of the spatial distribution is proposed, which is obtained as a percentage of the EV hosting capacity in the equally maximized case over that in the simply maximized case. The equalization factor can be improved from approximately 33 to 70% using the active and reactive power outputs from residential rooftop PVs.
关键词： distribution network,photovoltaic systems,distributed generations,load flow calculation,fast charging station,electric vehicles
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) - Harbin, China (2019.8.11-2019.8.14)] 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) - Graphene/Gold Based Photonic Crystal Fiber Plasmonic Temperature Sensor for Electric Vehicle Applications
摘要： An octagonal photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) temperature sensor is proposed where graphene/gold and ethanol are used as a plasmonic material and sensing medium, respectively. The proposed PCF based SPR temperature sensor is numerically simulated by finite element method (FEM) based simulation tool and result is processed by using MATLAB environment. Numerical results indicate that the proposed temperature sensor shows the possible maximum wavelength/temperature sensitivity of 1450 pm/oC for graphene plasmonic and 2500 pm/oC for gold plasmonic, calculated using wavelength interrogation method. It is anticipated that the proposed SPR temperature sensor can be reliably applied to monitor the temperature of battery used for electric vehicles (EVs), transformer oil etc.
关键词： temperature sensor,gold,surface plasmon resonance,photonic crystal fiber,electric vehicles,graphene
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Power architectures for the integration of photovoltaic generation systems in DC-microgrids
摘要： This paper describes a preliminary analysis on the integration of renewable energy systems in smart microgrids. The initial theoretical evaluations are referred to the case study of a laboratory DC microgrid interconnecting: electric mobility, stationary storage systems and renewable energy sources in a smart grid scenario. Specific power architectures for the integration of a 7kWp solar generation system with the considered microgrid are analysed and compared, in terms of efficiency and costs, in order to support the choice and the design of optimal solutions. Modeling and simulations of the related components are carried out in Matlab-Simulink environment in order to evaluate the performance of different embedded maximum power point tracking techniques, working in balanced and unbalanced irradiance conditions for the considered PV generation system. The promising results and the considerations reported in this paper highlight the importance of using the proposed smart power architectures and the related control techniques to support the optimal use of sustainable energy generation systems.
关键词： renewable energy sources,smart grids,energy storage systems,electric vehicles
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Environmental and Economic Trade-Offs of City Vehicle Fleet Electrification and Photovoltaic Installation in the U.S. PJM Interconnection
摘要： Several cities are considering both photovoltaic generation and electric vehicles (EV). A city evaluating a transition to an EV fleet has different decision criteria than private actors. This paper conducts a life cycle assessment and cost-benefit analysis for city vehicle fleet electrification decisions, using Pittsburgh, PA as a case study. The analysis includes several electric-grid scenarios and assesses the installation of distributed photovoltaic at city-owned parking facilities. Costs were included while comparing vehicle options, as were the emissions and externality costs of GHGs, SO2, and NOx from direct and upstream effects. For the vehicles under consideration for Pittsburgh’s fleet, BEVs were always found to have lower GHG emissions than Hybrids. Lowering external costs with fleet electrification, however, was found to be dependent on a rapid transition to a cleaner grid. A peak capacity of about 6,000 kW of PV is possible on Pittsburgh city-owned parking facilities. This capacity would produce greater than 30 times the yearly energy needs of the City’s municipal vehicle fleet. However, the photovoltaic canopy structures over parking spaces potentially make systems cost prohibitive. This study provides a method for cities, counties, and other stakeholders to evaluate the potential benefits and costs of EVs and photovoltaic.
关键词： Electric Vehicles,Solar Power,Life Cycle Assessment,Externalities,Cities
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Smart City and Emerging Technology (ICSCET) - Mumbai, India (2018.1.5-2018.1.5)] 2018 International Conference on Smart City and Emerging Technology (ICSCET) - Wireless Power Transfer via Metamaterial and Superconducting Coil For Electric Vehicles
摘要： This paper focuses on wireless power transfer (WPT) as a practical means for electric vehicle charging using metamaterial slab and superconducting resonating coil. Smart cities has smart vehicles which runs on electricity as its only source, hence a separate station built at the path of journey has two resonating coils, one placed with high-temperature superconducting (HTS) antenna beneath the surface and another with receiver coil placed inside the vehicle having metamaterial slab between it. As superconductor provide large current density and high Q value thus enables HTS antenna to deliver large amount of electricity in spite of a small-scale antenna, thus makes it an efficient power transfer circuit. Experiment result show that resonant method of coupling provides more efficient power transfer using metamaterial slab placed between these coils with much smaller coupling coefficient around 0.2 or less whereas inductive method of coupling has higher coupling coefficient around 0.9 or more . A prototype achieved 40% power transfer efficiency for inserted resonator within 2m distance.
关键词： Wireless Power Transfer,Superconducting Coil,Electric Vehicles,Resonant Coupling,Metamaterial
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 18th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (PEMC) - Budapest, Hungary (2018.8.26-2018.8.30)] 2018 IEEE 18th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (PEMC) - Controller Design of a New Universal Two-Phase SiC-GaN-Based DC-DC Converter for Plug-in Electric Vehicles
摘要： Wide Band Gap (WBG) semiconductor technologies such as Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) are being replaced with Silicon (Si) MOSFETs and IGBTs in power switching converters. In hard-switching applications, GaN is more attractive because of its lower switching power losses. The DC-DC power module of the motor drive in Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs) has a power rating range of 30-150 kW while the power rating of GaN is not that much high. A two-phase SiC-GaN-based converter can satisfy the demanded power, achieving the advantage of WBG technology, and avoid the complexity of multi-phase converter with high number of phases. Obtaining the maximum efficiency, the power sharing is not symmetrical. Therefore, a cascade controller is considered in this paper to control fully directional universal converter: drive/plug-in, boost/buck mode. The simulation results prove the satisfactory performance of the controller in all modes of operation.
关键词： Silicon Carbide,Plug-In Electric Vehicles,Universal DC-DC Converter,Cascade Controller,Gallium Nitride
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - Paris, France (2018.7.8-2018.7.13)] 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - A Voltage Calibration Chain for Meters Used in Measurements of EV Inductive Power Charging
摘要： The inductive charging of electric vehicles requires specific measurement and calibration systems. In fact, the measurement of power on board involves DC signals, which are superimposed to a significant AC ripple up to or over 150 kHz, depending on the type of charging system. A calibration method that makes use of a phantom power, based on two independent but synchronized circuits, is considered, simulating the charging voltage and current. This paper describes in detail a solution in the realization of the voltage calibration chain, based on the use of a DC voltage calibrator, an injector and a voltage divider.
关键词： measurement techniques,electric vehicles,Calibration,voltage
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36