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Electrical and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding properties of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles reinforced polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposite films
摘要： The hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles (h-BNNPs) reinforced flexible polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite films were prepared via a simple and versatile solution casting method. The morphological, thermal and electrical properties of h-BNNPs/PVDF nanocomposite films were elucidated. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties of prepared nanocomposite films were investigated in the X-band frequency regime (8–12 GHz). The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) was increased from 1 dB for the PVDF film to 11.21 dB for the h-BNNPs/PVDF nanocomposite film containing 25 wt% h-BNNPs loading. The results suggest that h-BNNPs/PVDF nanocomposite films can be used as lightweight and low-cost EMI shielding materials.
关键词： Hexagonal boron nitride,PVDF,SEM,EMI shielding,DSC,electrical properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Real-time motorized electrical hospital bed control with eye-gaze tracking
摘要： Patients with motor neuron disease and most terminal patients cannot use their hands or arms, and so they need another person for their all needs. However, the mental functions and memories of such patients are generally sound, and they can control their eyes. Using an eye-gaze tracking technique, we have realized a real-time system for such patients. The system controls a motorized electrical hospital bed (EHB) by eye gaze with 4 degrees of freedom, using a low-cost webcam. Contactless systems that require calibration cannot be used for EHB control. The system developed in this work does not require any calibration process and it is contactless. These properties are the most innovative part of the proposed approach. To begin, the system detects the eye region and computes the iris centers. It then tracks the centers and moves a mouse pointer on a screen with the eye gaze. The speci(cid:12)c movements of the mouse pointer are evaluated as position changing requests and the completed movements of the mouse pointer change the EHB position electrically. The communication between the computer and the EHB is provided by a relay control card driven by Arduino Mega. The system works under day/arti(cid:12)cial lighting conditions successfully with or without eyeglasses. The system was tested with 30 volunteers on the EHB safely and was completed with 90% success (the exceptions being people with slanted eyes).
关键词： electrical hospital bed,Calibration-free eye tracking,real-time eye-gaze tracking,eye-based mouse control
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Transparent Conductive Materials (Materials, Synthesis, Characterization, Applications) || Characterizations of Electrical Properties by the van der Pauw Method
摘要： The van der Pauw method is one of the most utilized techniques for measuring electrical properties of various materials, and it is also effective for characterizations of the transparent conductive materials. The method was developed by van der Pauw for measuring resistivity and Hall effect of samples having arbitrary shapes. The samples have to be flat though the shapes are arbitrary, and electrical contacts mounted on them should be sufficiently small and located at the circumference of them. In addition, the samples should not have isolated holes in them.
关键词： van der Pauw method,resistivity,electrical properties,Hall effect,transparent conductive materials
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2018 31st International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) - Kyoto, Japan (2018.7.9-2018.7.13)] 2018 31st International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) - Fabrication of stable carbon nanotube cold cathode electron emitters with electrical aging
摘要： We studied on the fabrication and improved field emission properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) cold cathode electron emitters with electrical aging. Our CNT field emitters have improved electron emission properties with thermal and electrical aging. For the set-up of electrical aging, we used bias voltage at Joule heating appeared. Our CNT emitters show increases of electron emission at initial stage of aging and then saturation of emission current. With the electrical aging, we obtained enhanced electron emission from 3 mA to 5.5 mA and long- time stable operation.
关键词： Field emission,Carbon nanotubes,Electrical aging,Annealing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Efficiency enhancement of Cu(In,Ga)Se <sub/>2</sub> thin film solar cells by employing onmi-directional ZnO nanostructure with MgF <sub/>2</sub> anti-reflection-coating layer
摘要： An omni-directional, graded-index, and textured ZnO nanorods (n = 1.7-2.0) with MgF2 (n = 1.37) antireflection (AR)-coating layer for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells grown by hydrothermal method are presented. We achieve that the graded index structure can reduce a weighted global reflectance of 5.5%, and significantly improve a current density (JSC) of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells up to 32.3 mA/cm2 which is comparable to a general MgF2 single layer AR coating. Optimized AR-coating layer leads to decreasing Fresnel reflection by gradient refractive index between ZnO nanorods and air. According to our experiment results, ZnO nanostructure with MgF2 AR-coating layer can be used for various photovoltaic cells to enhance the light conversion efficiency.
关键词： solar cells,optical properties,electrical properties,sputtering
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Muscle oxygenation dynamics in response to electrical stimulation as measured with near-infrared spectroscopy: A pilot study
摘要： Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is used for preventing muscle atrophy and improving muscle strength in patients and healthy people. However, the current intensity of NMES is usually set at a level that causes the stimulated muscles to contract. This typically causes pain. Quantifying the instantaneous changes in muscle microcirculation and metabolism during NMES before muscle contraction occurs is crucial, because it enables the current intensity to be optimally tuned, thereby reducing the NMES-induced muscle pain and fatigue. We applied near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure instantaneous and deoxygenation changes in 43 healthy young adults during NMES at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 mA. Having been stabilized at the NIRS signal baseline, total hemoglobin concentration increased immediately after stimulation in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05) until stimulation was stopped at the level causing muscle contraction without pain. Tissue deoxygenation appeared relatively unchanged during NMES. We conclude that NIRS can be used to determine the optimal NMES current intensity by monitoring oxygenation changes.
关键词： Muscle oxygenation dynamics,near-infrared spectroscopy,tissue optics,neuromuscular electrical stimulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[Springer Theses] Electrical Properties of Indium Arsenide Nanowires and Their Field-Effect Transistors || Fabrication, Characterization and Parameter?Extraction of InAs Nanowire-Based Device
摘要： Nanofabrication, low noise electrical measurement and various nanoscale characterization methods are frequently used in the study. This chapter will give as introduction on the growth method, fabrication techniques, characterization methods of materials and devices, measurement systems, and way to extract the electrical parameters of InAs nanowires FET devices.
关键词： Parameter extraction,Fabrication of nanowire devices,Electrical measurement,Structural characterization
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Structural, Electrical and Morphological Properties of Materials Type Sillenite Phase Bi12TiO20
摘要： This work reports the investigation of the ternary system Bi2O3–TiO2–MgO. Some compositions have been synthesized by solid state reaction at 800?°C and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction. The doping of (α-Bi2O3) allowed us to stabilize three compositions isotype of sillenite structure phase with formulas Bi0.9 Ti0.1 O1.55, Bi0,9 Ti0,05Mg0,05 O1,5, and Bi0.8 Mg0.1 Ti0.1 O1.5. The structural resolution of the synthesized materials was performed using Rietveld method by means of FullProf program. It crystallizes in the cubic system. The space group I23 and lattice parameter a = 10.1723(2) ?. The morphological proprieties of the synthesized compositions have been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sintered samples showed a dense and uniform microstructure. The density of sintered samples obtained is nearly 92% of the theoretical density. Various impedance model including capacity and Warburg impedances have been used to interpret the Nyquist representations of electrical analyses. The highest conductivity is observed for Bi0.9 Ti0.1 O1.55 (σ = 1.39E?07 at 600?°C).
关键词： Electrical Impedance,SEM,Spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,Sillenite
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Green Synthesis and Electrical Properties of p-CuO/n-ZnO Heterojunction Diodes
摘要： Green production of nanomaterials and their materials properties studies are majorly important for the futuristic development of nanodevices. We had green synthesized the ZnO and CuO nanoparticles using the extract of “Eucalyptus globulus” leaves. The obtained ZnO and CuO nanoparticles were studied for their structural, morphological and optical properties. The green synthesized CuO and ZnO nanoparticles have showed the crystalline size of about 12.29 and 10.16 nm. The transmission electron microscopic images of green synthesized ZnO and CuO nanoparticles revealed the morphological information and their respective average sizes of 46 and 32 nm. Optical absorbance spectrum revealed the existence of morphology based quantum confinement in the green ZnO and CuO nanoparticles. Further we have fabricated the p-CuO/n-ZnO heterojunction device using the green synthesized nanoparticles and also evaluated the electrical properties of the p–n junction diode. Under the light illumination the photodiode characteristic were studied for the obtained p–n junction diode. Finally, the energy band diagram of the photodiode responsible for the electronic transport had also discussed.
关键词： Electrical properties,p–n Heterojunction,Green synthesis,Photodiode
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Effect of molar concentration on physical properties of spraydeposited SnO2 thin films using nebulizer
摘要： In the present paper, tin dioxide (SnO2) thin ?lms had been fabricated with different precursor concentration in the range of 0.01–0.09 M onto amorphous glass substrates utilizing nebulizer spray method. The effect of precursor concentration on electrical, morphological, structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties has been investigated. XRD spectrum revealed that the polycrystalline nature of SnO2 thin ?lms with tetragonal structure in the range of precursor concentration 0.03–0.09 M, which are having a favorable growth orientation along (110) direction. The estimated average crystallite size varied between 22 and 53 nm. UV-Visible spectrum exposes the transmittance of SnO2 thin ?lms lies between 90 and 78% in the visible range. The direct band gap energy reduced from 3.83 to 3.71 eV on increasing precursor concentration upto 0.07 M and then it was further increased. Photoluminescence spectra at room temperature exhibited a strong peak at 362 nm with shoulder peak at 376 nm and two broad peaks are 493 nm and 518 nm. SEM analysis illustrated that the polyhedron-like grains were homogeneously arranged over the ?lm surface. The ?lm prepared at 0.07 M precursor concentration shows the least resistivity 2.41 × 10?3 Ω-cm and good ?gure of merit 16.41 × 10?3 (Ω/sq)?1.
关键词： Tin dioxide,Electrical measurements,Optical,NSP
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21