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Solvation structures formed in the MgCl2:AlCl3-dimethoxyethane system: A look through Raman and IR spectroscopies
摘要： A concentration-dependent vibrational spectroscopic study is carried out for the 1:1 MgCl2:AlCl3-DME system and detailed information on the precursor and the electrochemically active species formed in this rechargeable Mg battery electrolyte are presented for the first time in solution. An equilibrium between trans-[MgCl2(DME)2] and cis-[MgCl2(DME)2] isomers is proposed as well as the formation of [Mg2(μ-Cl)2]2+ and [AlCl4]- by using Raman and IR spectroscopies. The combination of the quantitative analysis made at the CO stretching region of DME with the spectral trend exhibited in low wavenumber suggests the existence of the [Mg2(μ-Cl)2(DME)4]2+ complex, similar to structure previously resolved by X-ray diffraction, in which two [AlCl4]- anions maintain the neutrality of the system.
关键词： Mg battery electrolytes,IR spectra,Raman spectra,Solution chemistry
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC) - Ottawa, ON, Canada (2018.8.7-2018.8.9)] 2018 International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC) - Sustainable Materials for Solid Flexible Supercapacitors
摘要： Solid, thin and flexible supercapacitors have been investigated leveraging sustainable and low-cost biomass-based carbon electrodes and a series of solid polymer electrolytes. The performance of these solid flexible devices was systematically compared to commercial activated carbon (AC) and liquid electrolyte baseline. Solid-state devices especially chitosan AC enabled supercapacitors were shown to closely resemble the highly capacitive behavior and high rate performance of their liquid counterparts. This demonstrates that high surface area, intricately porous activated carbon networks can still be readily accessible to polymer electrolytes, which is important to the transition of supercapacitor devices from liquid to solid-state. These materials and systems represent simple, sustainable and cost-effective approaches for next-generation solid thin, flexible energy storage devices.
关键词： polymer electrolytes,supercapacitor,solid-state,thin and flexible
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Optical, Structural and Electrical Studies of Biopolymer Electrolytes Based on Methylcellulose Doped with Ca(NO <sub/>3</sub> ) <sub/>2</sub>
摘要： The intention of this research is to study effect of the different weight percent (wt%) of calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2 (CN) salt into biopolymer of Methylcellulose (MC). MC-CN solid biopolymer electrolyte was prepared by using casting technique. The concentrations of CN salt were prepared between 5 to 25 wt%. The optical and electrical characteristics of the samples were study by using Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The highest conductivity of the samples was containing 25 wt% of CN is 2.21X10-7 Scm-1. The optical study by using FTIR shows that the CN salt act as the conducting ions devoid of effect the molecular structure of the polymer. Additionally, the data of XRD revealed that MC-CN an amorphous phase.
关键词： EIS,Methylcellulose,Biopolymer Electrolytes,FTIR,XRD,Calcium Nitrate
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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<i>(Invited)</i> Electrochemical Formation of Nanoporous Indium Phosphide in KOH Electrolytes
摘要： Anodization of highly doped n-InP in KOH can result in a nanoporous sub-surface layer. Pores originate from surface pits and an isolated porous domain is initially formed beneath each pit. Domains are separated from the surface by a thin non-porous layer and each is connected to the electrolyte by its pit. Pores emanate along the <111>A directions to form truncated tetrahedral domains. We propose a three-step model of electrochemical pore formation: (1) hole generation at pore tips, (2) hole diffusion and (3) electrochemical oxidation of the semiconductor to form etch products. Step 1 determines the overall etch rate. However, if the kinetics of Step 3 are slow relative to Step 2, then etching can occur at preferred crystallographic sites leading to pore propagation in preferential directions. Pore width decreases with increasing anodization temperature and with increasing KOH concentration up to 9 mol dm-3, above which it decreases. At low current densities pores have sharp tips and triangular cross-sections; at higher current densities, the pore tips and cross-sections become more rounded while the pore width decreases. These observations are explained by the three-step model.
关键词： electrochemical formation,nanoporous,pore propagation,indium phosphide,KOH electrolytes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A Blue Photosensitizer Realizing Efficient and Stable Green Solar Cells via Color Tuning by the Electrolyte
摘要： Semitransparent dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are appealing as aesthetically pleasing and colorful see-through photovoltaics. Green semitransparent DSCs have been presented, but the best ones rely on green zinc porphyrin photosensitizers and high volatile electrolytes. For potential outdoor applications, the zinc porphyrin DSCs employing ionic liquid electrolytes merely reached a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.3% even with opaque mesoporous TiO2 films. Herein, the new green DSC is realized by using a blue organic photosensitizer in conjunction with an orange ionic-liquid-based electrolyte, presenting a simple and an effective path for color tuning of photovoltaics. The new approach allows for broadly modulating the color from spring green to cyan by tuning the contributions of the light absorption by the dye-sensitized TiO2 film and the electrolyte layer. The new semitransparent DSCs with spring green to cyan colors have PCEs ranging from 6.7% to 8.1% and show stability for 1000 h under accelerated ageing test at 80 °C, superior to the zinc porphyrin DSCs. The findings pave a new way to achieve efficient and stable colorful solar cells.
关键词： semitransparent solar cells,blue dyes,porphyrin dyes,dye-sensitized solar cells,ionic liquid electrolytes
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Above 800 mV Open-Circuit Voltage in Solid-State Photovoltaic Devices Using Phosphonium Cation-Based Solid Ionic Conductors
摘要： Here, we report phosphonium based two solid ionic conductors (SICs) named as triphenylphosphonium methyl iodide (TPPMeI) and triphenylphosphonium iodide (TPPHI) prepared via simple protocol at room temperature and were used as an electrolyte for solid state photovoltaic devices (ss-PVDs) showing the open circuit voltage (Voc) exceeding to 800 mV. Here, very first time, detailed electrochemical investigations with theoretical aspects of phosphonium electrolytes were taken into account, where PVDs prepared from these SICs, TPPMeI resulted into the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.08 % with Voc of 810 mV. However, this performance was further enhanced up to the PCE of 6.71% with 824 mV of Voc in the presence of additives like LiI and tert-butyl pyridine. This work leads to find the best alternative of liquid and quaternary ammonium ion based electrolytes which suffers from problems like lower Voc (< 800 mV), stability, leakage etc.
关键词： Phosphonium cation based solid organic ionic conductors,Solid ionic conductors,Solid state photovoltaic device,Triphenylphosphonium cation,Organic Electrolytes
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Natural organic matter inhibits aggregation of few-layered black phosphorus in mono- and divalent electrolyte solutions
摘要： Extensive synthesis and applications of few-layered black phosphorus (BPs) are accompanied by increasing concern over its stability and potential risk. However, the colloidal stability of BPs under environmentally relevant conditions remains unclear. Hence, we investigated the influences of two representative electrolytes (i.e., NaCl and CaCl2) and natural organic matter (NOM) on the aggregation behavior of BPs. Ca2+ ions exhibited a stronger destabilization effect on BPs than Na+ due to their stronger surface charge screening as well as intersheet bridging by the complexes of Ca2+ ions and oxidized phosphorus (POx) species on the BPs surface. Apart from the Ca2+-induced enhanced aggregation in the presence of high concentration of Ca2+, the aggregation behavior of BPs in the two electrolytes at different concentrations and their ratios of critical coagulation concentrations (CCCs) generally followed classical colloidal theory such as the Schulze–Hardy rule. Moreover, in the presence of 10 mg C/L NOM the CCC values of BPs in NaCl and CaCl2 solutions were both three times higher than that obtained without NOM, and the aggregation kinetics of BPs in these electrolytes containing NOM were qualitatively consistent with extended DLVO theory. Specifically, NOM significantly improved the stabilization of BPs in CaCl2 solutions via steric repulsion and isolation of Ca2+ ions from interaction with POx species on the surface of BPs. This stabilization mechanism derived from “NOM corona” structures was elucidated by a wide spectrum of characterization and quantification techniques. These findings provide new insights into evaluating the stability and fate of this nanomaterial in natural aquatic environments.
关键词： few-layered black phosphorus,colloidal stability,NOM corona,aggregation,electrolytes,natural organic matter
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Solvation Structure Analysis of Lithium Ion in Concentrated Lithium Salt Solutions Using Raman Spectroscopy; ラマン分光法によるリチウム塩濃厚電解液中のイオン溶媒和構造解析;
摘要： Electrolyte solutions are one of the key liquid materials in the development of high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Recently, a new concept, “superconcentrated electrolyte”, i.e., solvent-in-salt in liquid state, was proposed and widely investigated in terms of not only electrochemistry, but also physical chemistry and/or solution chemistry. In this work, we report on a structural study of lithium-ion complexes in highly salt-concentrated electrolytes, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (LiTFSA) salt in N,N-dimethylpropionamide (DMPA), using Raman spectroscopy with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In the range of the Li salt concentration, c Li = 0 – 3.2 mol dm–3, the individual solvation numbers of DMPA and TFSA species around Li ions [n (DMPA) and n (TFSA), respectively] were quantitatively determined and the relation between the Li ion complex structure and c Li was discussed at the molecular level.
关键词： raman spectroscopy,ion solvation,lithium-ion batteries,salt-concentrated electrolytes
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Flash Sintering Samaria-Doped Ceria–Carbon Nanotube Composites
摘要： Composite ceramic green pellets were prepared by attrition milling a mixture of (CeO2)0.8(Sm2O3)0.2 (samaria-doped ceria, SDC) ceramic powder and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), followed by uniaxial and isostatic pressing. The pellets were sintered inside a dilatometer by applying AC electric fields at 850 °C and limiting the electric current to 1 A, achieving 20.2% final shrinkage. The SDC samples reached 13.3% shrinkage under the same conditions. Higher average grain sizes were measured in specimens flash sintered with CNTs. Impedance spectroscopy analyses show that the specimens flash sintered with addition of CNTs have higher electrical conductivity. Higher delivered Joule heating at the interfaces due to the presence of the electronic conductors (CNTs) are proposed as the main reason for that improvement of the electrical behavior.
关键词： flash sintering,solid electrolytes,carbon nanotubes,impedance spectroscopy,samaria-doped ceria
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Physical properties of quasi-solid-state polymer electrolytes for dye-sensitised solar cells: A characterisation review
摘要： The electrolyte is a critical component of dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). Among them, quasi-solid state (QSS) electrolytes are considered as one of the most prospective substitutes for liquid electrolytes to DSSCs. To entirely understand and optimise the performance and stability of QSS, comprehensive characterisation is needed to design new materials, comprehend and optimise the QSS. This review summarises the characterisations of QSS beginning from 2010. Emphasis is placed on the physical characterisations such as viscosity, morphology, thermal, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, Raman, ultraviolet-visible, and X-ray di?raction. All parts of the characterisation process are divided into the introduction, the objective of testing, main outcomes and ?nally, the selected examples. A summary of recent and important measurements on QSS are mentioned at the end.
关键词： Quasi-solid state electrolytes,Characterisations,Gel polymer electrolytes,Dye-sensitised solar cells,Polymer electrolytes
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52