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- 2019
- 7nm silicon node
- chip-package interaction
- laser assisted bonding
- quick temperature cycling test
- mass reflow
- embedded trace substrate
- hammer test
- Electronic Science and Technology
- MediaTek, Inc.
- JCET STATS ChipPAC Pte. Ltd.
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2019 - Boston, MA, USA (2019.6.2-2019.6.7)] 2019 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) - 30Gb/s 60.2mW 151GHz CMOS Transmitter/Receiver with Digitally Pre-Distorted Current Mode PAM-4 Modulator for Plastic waveguide and Contactless Communications
摘要： 151 GHz CMOS transmitter and receiver are presented for ultra-short distance (~1 mm) contactless connection and plastic waveguide communications. To continue to scale the communication bandwidth, the 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) is utilized by implementing a current-mode PAM-4 modulator in the transmitter. The transmitter and receiver suffer non-linear characteristics and create amplitude distortions on PAM-4 signaling. A digital pre-distortion circuit is integrated in the PAM-4 modulator to correct such system non-idealities. 151 GHz antennas are realized on FR4HR substrate and used as air-to-air/chip-to-waveguide couplers. On top of contactless connection and plastic ribbon waveguide, plastic-embedded PCB channels are introduced by exploiting copper-coated slots on PCB and plastic ribbons to communicate through PCB substrates. The transmitter and receiver are fabricated in 28-nm CMOS process. The demonstrated system consumes 60.2 mW under 1.2 V supply while transferring 30 Gb/s of PAM-4 data, achieving 2.01 pJ/bit energy efficiency.
关键词： 151 GHz transmitter/receiver,PAM-4 modulation,contactless communication,plastic-embedded PCB,digital pre-distortion,plastic waveguide
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Recent Developments in Photovoltaic Materials and Devices || A Quick Maximum Power Point Tracking Method Using an Embedded Learning Algorithm for Photovoltaics on Roads
摘要： This chapter presents a new approach to realize quick maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for photovoltaics (PVs) bedded on roads. The MPPT device for the road photovoltaics needs to support quick response to the shadow flickers caused by moving objects. Our proposed MPPT device is a microconverter connected to a short PV string. For real-world usage, several sets of PV string connected to the proposed microconverter will be connected in parallel. Each converter uses an embedded learning algorithm inspired by the insect brain to learn the MPPs of a single PV string. Therefore, the MPPT device tracks MPP via the perturbation and observation method in normal circumstances and the learning machine learns the relationships between the acquired MPP and the temperature and magnitude of the Sun irradiation. Consequently, if the magnitude of the Sun beam incident on the PV panel changes quickly, the learning machine yields the predicted MPP to control a chopper circuit. The simulation results suggested that the proposed MPPT method can realize quick MPPT.
关键词： microconverter,maximum power point tracking (MPPT),incremental learning,modal regression on a fixed memory budget,photovoltaics bedded on road,insect brain,shadow flicker,embedded learning algorithm,partial shading
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Talbot Effect in Embedded Gratings Inscribed with Femtosecond Laser in Transparent Media
摘要： Since the first refractive index modification of transparent materials was achieved via femtosecond laser micromachining, the fabrication of bulk inscribed 3D optical elements has been insistently pursued. This method has been extensively used to generate a variety of photonic devices such as waveguides, couplers or amplifiers, which enabled a large number of technological breakthroughs. In particular, the fabrication of glass embedded volume-phase gratings (VPG) has been studied in detail by many authors. Currently, the process for manufacturing VPGs involves the use of dichromated gelatin hologram recording, which is accomplished sealing the gelatin between two layers of glass. Using femtosecond laser inscribing technique, VPGs can be fabricated in a more direct, robust and environmental friendly way. Only a few studies have been reported on the near-field diffraction properties of the femtosecond laser fabricated VPGs. Among the different peculiarities that are observed in the microscale propagation of the light, one of the most studied phenomenon is the Talbot effect or also called self-imaging. Caused by the interference of waves with quadratic relative phases, when a grating is illuminated with a collimated monochromatic light, exact images of the illuminated grating are formed at a distance (cid:1852)(cid:3021) = p2/λ, where p is the period of the grating. In this presentation, we will show the fabrication of an embedded grating that generates a high contrast Talbot effect. VPGs with periods of 10 (cid:80)m and different Q parameters are fabricated with a 500 kHz diode-pumped ultrafast fiber amplifier Satsuma system of λ=1030 nm. The VPGs are fabricated in fused silica and nanocrystal doped glass (OG530). It is observed that the width, thickness and refractive index profile of the generated modification zone depends on the laser processing conditions such as pulse energy, repetition rate or processing depth. The gratings are characterized with far-field diffraction measurements and microscopy images of the cross-sections. Also, the near-field intensity profiles generated by the VPGs are measured to visualize the Talbot effect (Fig. 1 a). The experimental setup for the near-field includes a collimated 633nm laser beam and a 20× microscope objective selectively displaced with a resolution of 5 μm. The Talbot planes are formed at a distances of the order of ~ 100 (cid:80)m. The dependence of the contrast of the intensity profiles on the VPG laser processing condition is analyzed. Our results show that high contrast Talbot effect is achieved when the phase difference generated by the VPG is optimized (Fig. 1 b)).
关键词： transparent media,self-imaging,volume-phase gratings,femtosecond laser,Talbot effect,embedded gratings
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 69th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) - Las Vegas, NV, USA (2019.5.28-2019.5.31)] 2019 IEEE 69th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) - 7nm Chip-Package Interaction Study on a Fine Pitch Flip Chip Package with Laser Assisted Bonding and Mass Reflow Technology
摘要： Due to the rapid growth in new technological features in mobile applications, new packaging solutions smaller form factor package designs, lower power consumption and other efficiency enhancements are required for the 7nm node silicon devices. Flip chip technology such as fcCSP (flip chip Chip Scale Package) has been widely adopted as the primary (or preferred) solution for mobile devices to satisfy these challenging requirements. The flip chip CSP package offers a cost-effective solution through the combination of Sn/Ag bumped copper (Cu) pillars, the use embedded trace substrate (ETS) technology along with mass reflow chip attach and molded underfill (MUF) processes.. While mass reflow chip attach process provides a cost-effective solution for flip chip assembly, there is nonetheless a high risk of bump to trace shorting especially as the need increases for finer bump pitch designs, with reduced copper line width and line spacing (LW/LS) for the escaped traces. To reduce this risk, we are exploring the use of laser assisted bonding (LAB) methodology to study the 7nm chip-package interaction (CPI) of a fcCSP with a 60μm bump pitch and escaped trace designs in this paper. For the purpose of measuring the extremely low-k (ELK) performance in a 14x14mm fine pitch fcCSP with 7nm node silicon live die, the thunder test, two-times mass reflow followed by a quick temperature cycling (QTC), and the hammer test, a multi-reflow process with a peak temperature of 260°C have been utilized. The results show that although both chip attach methodologies can pass the normal requirements of the thunder and hammer tests, the utilization of LAB technology can further enhance the strength of ELK, resulting in better yield performance. From these results, we believe that LAB not only can guarantee assembly yield but also ensure less ELK damage risk in the evaluated 7nm node silicon fcCSP. Futhermore we have shown that LAB technology is suitable for the 7nm node silicon devices along with the bump pitch reduction using finer LW/LS substrate with escaped traces design.
关键词： 7nm silicon node,chip-package interaction,laser assisted bonding,quick temperature cycling test,mass reflow,embedded trace substrate,hammer test
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Transparent Collision Visualization of Point Clouds Acquired by Laser Scanning
摘要： Exploring two-dimensional (2D) materials with room-temperature ferromagnetism and large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is highly desirable but challenging. Here, through first-principles calculations, we propose a viable strategy to achieve such materials based on transition metal (TM) embedded borophene nanosheets. Due to electron deficiency, the commonly existent hexagon boron vacancies in various borophene phases serve as intrinsic anchor points for electron-rich transition metals, which not only adsorb strongly upon the vacancies but also favor to be embedded into the vacancies, forming 2D planar hybrid nanosheets. The adsorption-to-embedding transition is feasible thermodynamically and kinetically, owing to its exothermic nature and relatively small kinetic barriers. After embedding, phase transition is further proposed to obtain diverse structures of TM embedded borophenes with versatile magnetic properties. Based on the example of χ3 phase borophene, several ferromagnetic TM embedded borophene nanosheets with high Curie temperature and large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy have been predicted.
关键词： transition metal embedded borophene nanosheets,first-principles calculations,perpendicular magnetic anisotropy,room-temperature ferromagnetism,two-dimensional materials
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Zeeman gyrotropic scatterers
摘要： Anomalous scattering effects (invisibility, superscattering, Fano resonances, etc) enabled by complex media and metamaterials have been the subject of intense efforts in the past couple of decades. In this article, we present a full analysis of the unusual and extreme scattering properties of an important class of complex scatterers, namely, gyrotropic cylindrical bodies, including both homogeneous and core–shell configurations. Our study unveils a number of interesting effects, including Zeeman splitting of plasmonic scattering resonances, tunable gyrotropy-induced rotation of dipolar radiation patterns as well as extreme Fano resonances and non-radiating eigenmodes (embedded eigenstates) of the gyrotropic scatterer. We believe that these theoretical findings may enable new opportunities to control and tailor scattered fields beyond what is achievable with isotropic reciprocal objects, being of large significance for different applications, from tunable directive nano-antennas to selective chiral sensors and scattering switches, as well as in the context of non-reciprocal and topological metamaterials.
关键词： Zeeman effect,Scattering,embedded eigenstates,plasmonic resonances,gyrotropy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS) - Bilbao, Spain (2018.6.4-2018.6.7)] 2018 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS) - Lighting IoT Test Environment (LITE) Platform: Evaluating Light-Powered, Energy HarvestingEmbedded Systems
摘要： As interest in the Internet of Things (IoT) grows, so does the requirement for distributed sensing, computation, and communication. Some projections reach a scale of over a trillion wireless devices, which creates a battery replacement challenge that is unsustainable for both human resources (replacement effort) and the environment (disposal). One ?eld of research that strives to meet this challenge is energy harvesting (EH) for self-powered systems. Photovoltaic (PV) cells enable EH capabilities and provide high energy density. They are also typically inexpensive, often making them the transducer of choice for self-powered systems. However, the performance of these EH nodes is rarely evaluated under realistic IoT environmental conditions, such as variable indoor lighting. Under low light, PV cells draw very little power and could place the self-powered system in a standby or even nonfunctional state. Most evaluations of EH systems in various lighting environments use software simulations to predict the behaviour of these nodes, but approximate models lack the exactness required to help with veri?cation of hardware in real conditions. Another approach is user testing in the ?eld, but this arduous solution would incur a variety of costs. This paper presents a third alternative: the Lighting IoT Test Environment (LITE) platform. The LITE platform is a tool that provides insight on how light-powered EH systems operate in low lighting environments. The LITE platform is able to physically emulate a variety of indoor and outdoor lighting sources with a novel mapping technique and provide time-series, environmental simulation of that source on a device under test (DUT). The light source emulation and time-series simulation capabilities are characterized with a worst case mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.2% and MAPE of 0.5%, respectively. By enabling engineers to accurately understand how these self-powered systems work under real world conditions, the LITE platform will better equip them to design, debug, and distribute fully functional and sustainable IoT nodes.
关键词： internet of things,test platform,system on chip,embedded systems,photovoltaic,energy harvesting,veri?cation
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) - Rio de Janeiro (2018.7.8-2018.7.13)] 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) - Estimation of global solar irradiance with LDR sensor and artificial neural network embedded in an 8-bit microcontroller
摘要： This work deals with the estimation of global solar irradiance in an embedded platform through the use of a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor and its temperature. A prototype is built and has its values compared to the data obtained through a commercial pyranometer. An Multilayer Perceptron neural network is used to provide a non-linear regression between the voltage and temperature signals of the LDR on the commercial sensor irradiance data in a data analysis software. A regression with determination coef?cient of 96.466 % and with mean squared error of 0.04 was obtained. The neural network present in the embedded system has 100% accuracy in relation to the neural network present in the data analysis software used. The minimum response time of the prototype is 13.49 ms and its dissipated power is 27.2 mW, making the approach quite promising. This neural estimation, using simple sensors like the LDR, can help to reduce the cost of renewable energy applications and make it easier to implement.
关键词： solar irradiance,renewable energies,nonlinear regression,embedded systems,light dependent resistor,multilayer perceptron
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Manufacturing of Volumetric Glass <b>-</b> Based Composites with Single- and Double-QD Doping
摘要： Quantum dot (QD)-based light-emitting materials are gaining increased attention because of their easily tunable optical properties desired for various applications in biology, optoelectronics, and photonics. However, few methods can be used to manufacture volumetric materials doped with more than one type of QD other than QD-polymer hybrids, and they often require complicated preparation processes and are prone to luminescence quenching by QD aggregation and separation from the matrix. Here, simultaneous doping of a volumetric glass-based nanocomposite with two types of QDs is demonstrated for the first time in a single-step process using the nanoparticle direct doping method. Glass rods doped with CdTe, CdSe/ZnS, or co-doped with both QDs, are obtained. Photoluminescence and lifetime experiments confirm temperature-dependent double emission with maxima at 596 and 720 nm with mean lifetimes up to 16 ns, as well as radiative energy transfer from the short wavelength–emitting QDs to the long wavelength–emitting QDs. This approach may enable the simple and cost-efficient manufacturing of bulk materials that produce multicolor luminescence with cascade excitation pumping. Applications that could benefit from this include broadband optical fiber amplifiers, backlight systems in LCD screens, high-power LEDs, or down-converting solar concentrators used to increase the efficiency of solar panels.
关键词： energy transfer,nanoparticle direct doping,quantum dots,volumetric material with embedded quantum dots,double wavelength luminescence
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A sensor-centric survey on the development of smartphone measurement and sensing systems
摘要： Modern mobile phones, featuring high performance microprocessors, rich set of sensors and internet connectivity are largely diffused all over the world and are ideal devices for the development of low-cost sensing systems, in particular for low-income developing countries and rural areas that lack the access to diagnostic laboratories and expensive instrumentation. In the design of a smartphone based sensing system different elements must be taken in consideration such as sensors performance, acquisition rate and privacy preserving strategies when personal data must be shared in the cloud. In this paper a sensor-centric survey on smartphone based sensing systems is presented, covering different fields of application. Two different development approaches will be discussed: 1) the exploitation of the large number of sensors embedded in modern smartphones (high-resolution camera, microphone, accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, GPS); 2) the interfacing with external sensors that communicate with the smartphone by the embedded wireless or wired communication technology.
关键词： wireless communication,measurement,sensors,pervasive computing,embedded system,smartphone
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36