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[SPIE Image Processing - Houston, United States (2018.2.10-2018.2.15)] Medical Imaging 2018: Image Processing - Deep learning for biomarker regression: application to osteoporosis and emphysema on chest CT scans
摘要： Introduction: Biomarker computation using deep-learning often relies on a two-step process, where the deep learning algorithm segments the region of interest and then the biomarker is measured. We propose an alternative paradigm, where the biomarker is estimated directly using a regression network. We showcase this image-to-biomarker paradigm using two biomarkers: the estimation of bone mineral density (BMD) and the estimation of lung percentage of emphysema from CT scans. Materials and methods: We use a large database of 9,925 CT scans to train, validate and test the network for which reference standard BMD and percentage emphysema have been already computed. First, the 3D dataset is reduced to a set of canonical 2D slices where the organ of interest is visible (either spine for BMD or lungs for emphysema). This data reduction is performed using an automatic object detector. Second, The regression neural network is composed of three convolutional layers, followed by a fully connected and an output layer. The network is optimized using a momentum optimizer with an exponential decay rate, using the root mean squared error as cost function. Results: The Pearson correlation coefficients obtained against the reference standards are r = 0.940 (p < 0.00001) and r = 0.976 (p < 0.00001) for BMD and percentage emphysema respectively. Conclusions: The deep-learning regression architecture can learn biomarkers from images directly, without indicating the structures of interest. This approach simplifies the development of biomarker extraction algorithms. The proposed data reduction based on object detectors conveys enough information to compute the biomarkers of interest.
关键词： regression,deep learning,bone mineral density,computed tomography,emphysema
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A case of mediastinal emphysema caused by root canal treatment using Er: YAG laser
摘要： Subcutaneous emphysema is often reported to develop because of dental treatment. We report a case of cervicofacial, subcutaneous, and mediastinal emphysema caused by dental laser treatment. The patient consulted our hospital complaining of swelling and pain across his both sides of the forehead, around the eye lid, from left cheek to the neck. On computed tomography, low absorption images indicative of air infiltration were found scattered from the forehead and left side of the face to the left side of the neck. We admitted the patient to monitor his airway, for bed rest, and to initiate prophylactic intravenous antibiotic therapy. Consequently, 6 days after the dental laser treatment, the patient’s cervicofacial swelling disappeared and the subcutaneous crepitus was almost undetectable. In this case, although secondary infection such as mediastinitis did not develop, it is necessary to consider hospitalization of patients who developed mediastinal emphysema after laser treatment for incision of abscess.
关键词： Mediastinal emphysema,Root canal treatment,Dental laser treatment
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Orbital emphysema after transcanalicular laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy treated with needle decompression
摘要： Orbital emphysema is an abnormal presence of air in the orbit. It usually arises after blunt trauma or periorbital surgery. When it occurs after dacryocystorhinostomy, usually it is reported as a benign condition. We present a case of a severe orbital emphysema secondary to transcanalicular diode laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy. The day after the surgery, the examination revealed crepitant periorbital swelling, general restriction of extraocular motility, visual loss and intraocular pressure of more than 70 mmHg. A computed tomography showed a massive orbital emphysema. An emergency decompression, using a 25-gauge needle attached to an empty syringe lacking a plunger was performed, achieving a quick decrease of intraocular pressure and pain and swelling improvement. Then, in this case, orbital decompression by passive airflow using a needle without a plunger was an effective treatment method to resolve a serious orbital emphysema after transcanalicular laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy.
关键词： Orbital emphysema,laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy,transcanalicular dacryocystorhinostomy,needle decompression,Emergency orbital decompression
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22