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<i>In vivo</i> detection of endotracheal tube biofilms in intubated critical care patients using catheter-based optical coherence tomography
摘要： The formation of biofilms in the endotracheal tubes (ETTs) of intubated patients on mechanical ventilation is associated with a greater risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and death. New technologies are needed to detect and monitor ETTs in vivo for the presence of these biofilms. Longitudinal OCT imaging was performed in mechanically ventilated subjects at 24 hr intervals until extubation to detect the formation and temporal changes of in vivo ETT biofilms. OCT-derived attenuation coefficient images were used to differentiate between mucus and biofilm. Extubated ETTs were examined with optical and electron microscopy, and all imaging results were correlated with standard-of-care clinical test reports. OCT and attenuation coefficient images from 4 subjects were positive for ETT biofilms and were negative for 2 subjects. The processed and stained extubated ETTs and clinical reports confirmed the presence/absence of biofilms in all subjects. Our findings confirm that OCT can detect and differentiate between biofilm-positive and biofilm-negative groups (p < 10-5). OCT image-based features may serve as biomarkers for direct in vivo detection of ETT biofilms and help drive investigation of new management strategies to reduce the incidence of VAP.
关键词： attenuation coefficient image,endotracheal tube,biofilm,optical coherence tomography,ventilator-associated pneumonia
更新于2025-11-21 11:24:58
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Cuff Failure of Spiral-Filled Polyvinyl Chloride Endotracheal Tube Immediately after Tracheal Intubation Using a Channeled Videolaryngoscope (Pentax Airway Scope)
摘要： We report on a case of mechanical damage to the spiral-?lled polyvinyl chloride endotracheal tube that occurred shortly after tracheal intubation using a channeled videolaryngoscope (Pentax airway scope). We also found this problem in two other cases among 350 neurosurgery patients over the past 5 years. Prior to intubation, we did not observe any defect in the cu?. However, the cu? could not be ?lled with air immediately after the intubation. Anesthesiologists should be aware that, during tracheal intubation using an airway scope, friction between the endotracheal tube and inner surface of the introducer might result in sudden rupture of the cu?.
关键词： videolaryngoscope,endotracheal tube,tracheal intubation,cuff failure,mechanical damage
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Simultaneous in situ temperature and relative humidity monitoring in mechanical ventilators using an array of functionalised optical fibre long period grating sensors
摘要： An array of optical fibre long period gratings (LPGs) has been demonstrated for biomedical application to monitor temperature and relative humidity (RH) changes in the air delivered by a mechanical ventilator operating in different modes. The LPG array consists of two gratings, where one was kept bare to monitor the temperature change and the second was modified with 10 layers of silica nanoparticles to measure relative humidity. A mesoporous film was deposited on the surface of an optical fibre LPG using the layer-by-layer method. The sensor was calibrated in a bench model against a commercially available temperature and relative humidity sensor and sensitivity of the sensor was 0.46±0.01 nm/ oC and 0.53 nm/RH%, respectively. The tip of the sensor array was modified with reflection mirror and placed inside an endotracheal tube (ETT) and tested in typical clinical equipment to enable the in-situ real-time monitoring of humidity and temperature. Temperature and RH changes associated with the breathing frequency of 8 and 15 breaths per minute were successfully monitored using developed sensor array.
关键词： relative humidity (RH),Long period grating (LPG),healthcare monitoring,mechanical ventilation,endotracheal tube,temperature,optical fibre sensor,multiplexing
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36