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Generalized optimization method for energy conversion and storage efficiency of nanoscale flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters
摘要： The energy conversion and storage efficiency was commonly ignored in experimental studies on nanoscale flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs). In this study, we develop a generalized theoretical method to optimize the energy conversion and storage efficiencies of nanoscale flexible PEHs. The results are validated by comparisons with experimental measurements for various ambient excitations. A simple scaling law is established to reveal the intrinsic correlation between the efficiency of energy conversion/storage and various system parameters of the PEHs. For either the energy conversion or storage circuit, the output power density may be maximized by properly designing an intrinsic normalized parameter. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an independent optimization criterion is indispensable for standard storage circuits since including a storage module into the conversion circuit redefines the electromechanical behavior of the PEH system. The results may be used as guidelines for optimizing the energy conversion and storage efficiencies of nanoscale flexible PEHs that have promising applications in harvesting biomechanical energies.
关键词： Scaling law,Optimization,Nanoscale flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters,Energy conversion,Energy storage
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Portland, OR, USA (2018.9.23-2018.9.27)] 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Net Zero Energy Houses with Dispatchable Solar PV Power Supported by Electric Water Heater and Battery Energy Storage
摘要： Over a year, net zero energy (NZE) houses produce and feed zero net metered electrical energy to the grid. Technical challenges, notably the 'duck curve' arise due to the fact that peak solar generation and load demand are seldom coincident. Common approaches to mitigate this limitation include the curtailment of solar power, and the use of storage. Surplus solar energy may be stored in a battery, which can subsequently be discharged to supply the home electricity needs when demand is in excess. In addition to batteries, less expensive electric water heaters, which are ubiquitous, can be modified as energy storage systems, functioning as 'uni-directional batteries' by virtue of their high thermal mass. This paper proposes the use of a hybrid energy storage system including both batteries and variable power electric water heaters in NZE residences. It is demonstrated that the hybrid energy storage system along with solar PV generation coordinated and virtual power plant (VPP) controls would reduce the required battery size and ratings while still harvesting the maximum solar energy potential. The proposed control strategy enables the NZE homes to produce dispatchable power or behave like controllable loads, and benefits at the utility level are demonstrated by interconnection of NZE homes with an IEEE 13 node test feeder system. The technology has the potential to mitigate all issues related to solar power variability.
关键词： Net Zero Energy (NZE) Residences,Home Energy Management (HEM),Electrical Water Heater (EWH),Virtual Power Plant (VPP),Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Advanced Science and Engineering (ICOASE) - Duhok (2018.10.9-2018.10.11)] 2018 International Conference on Advanced Science and Engineering (ICOASE) - Manufacturing Procedure of a Hybrid Design of Solar Collector (Sterilization and Water Heating) By Solar and Electrical Energy
摘要： The purpose of the research is to design a hybrid solar collector, called (L1). This Collector operates by solar energy during daylight hours, which is approximately (12) hours, the work of the solar collector (L1) continues during night by using electrical power. Solar collector was tested during the period of December - 2017 to May – 2018.The results were excellent where it’s records high temperature during the period from March - May 2018. Temperature recorded more than 100 Co. The outlet water from the solar collector (L1) was sterilized due to the high heating degree of the water, it reached boiling degree. The design of (L1) is suitable for a lot of environment or weather conditions, because it depends on the collection of the solar radiation in a small surface area; in addition, it works in low electrical power. Tests for (L1) were conducted in Basra city, southern Iraq, on latitude 30.5oN and longitude 47.8oE. Manufacturing of this solar collector is very easy with low cost. It can be used it in houses, scientific and health institutions.
关键词： Hybrid,solar collector,sterilization,Water heating,Renewable energy,Solar energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 4th International Conference on Renewable Energies for Developing Countries (REDEC) - Beirut, Lebanon (2018.11.1-2018.11.2)] 2018 4th International Conference on Renewable Energies for Developing Countries (REDEC) - The first BIPV plant in Lebanon: performance analysis of hybrid configuration with diesel generator
摘要： Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system is a technology where radiant energy and heat are treated. This system helps in developing the building to become energy producer instead of energy consumer. It can function as buildings envelop and supply electric power for buildings. In this paper, a pilot BIPV system is studied with respect to aesthetical and technical requirements, and installed on the fa?ade of an office building in Beirut. The aim of the research is to test the energy performance of the BIPV system through modelling and experimental investigation in hybrid configuration with building back-up diesel generators – a Lebanese particularity due to utility shortage in power supply. This first BIPV project in Lebanon has a capacity of 30 kWp. It has a special architectural integration benefiting from available solar energy estimated to be around 2000 kWh/m2/ year to produce electric power, and reduces the consumption of diesel generators that runs the building during working hours.
关键词： renewable energy,case study,photovoltaic system,building integration,BIPV,solar energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 4th International Conference on Renewable Energies for Developing Countries (REDEC) - Beirut, Lebanon (2018.11.1-2018.11.2)] 2018 4th International Conference on Renewable Energies for Developing Countries (REDEC) - Modeling, P&O MPPT and PI controls and performance analysis of PV/Energy storage hybrid power system
摘要： The variable nature of renewable energy sources, coupled with unpredictable changes in load, requires the simultaneous implementation of high power and high energy density storage systems. This work addresses dynamic modeling, a PV/Batteries/Ultra capacitor hybrid energy system connected to a DC load in a remote house located around the town of Rouyn Noranda (Quebec-Canada) during one day in winter period. The P&O MPPT control is used to extract the maximum power of a photovoltaic generator which is considered as the main energy source of the hybrid system. In this paper, batteries and ultra-capacitors (UC) are serving as an energy storage system (ESS) and a main source in winter period. The UC are used for facing high frequency variations of the load, such as in transient state, while the batteries are in charge of slow load/source variations. Classical control of battery current and ultra-capacitor current allows choosing the suitable storage element in order to face correctly the production/consummation variations. Classical PI control strategy is proposed in manner to stabilize the DC bus voltage by controlling the attached DC/DC bidirectional converters. Simulations during 00 AM to 3 PM (during a snowy day) are carried out using Matlab/Simulink which confirm the good performances of the hybrid system and associated control systems.
关键词： energy storage system,performance analysis,Photovoltaic,hybrid energy system
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Estimation of Energy and Time Savings in Optical Glass Manufacturing When Using Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Grinding
摘要： Energy and time savings are highly important aspects of green manufacturing. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding (UVAG) is a high-efficiency, low-energy-consumption processing method for optical components made from hard and brittle materials. This work presents an experimental investigation of the specific grinding energy and the subsurface damage depth in UVAG of optical glasses to estimate the increased energy and time savings produced when using UVAG in optical glass manufacturing. The normal and tangential grinding forces of traditional grinding (TG) and axial UVAG processes on optical glasses were investigated for various machining parameters. The specific grinding energies during the TG and UVAG of the optical glasses were calculated and analyzed from the perspective of the energy consumption of the grinding process. The subsurface damage depths in optical glass during TG and UVAG were measured as an estimate of the machining quality, and the magnetorheological polishing spot method was used to analyze the time saved in subsequent polishing processes. The results show that UVAG can reduce energy consumption during the grinding of glass and produce significant time savings in subsequent polishing processes. The UVAG process therefore shows good potential for use in green manufacturing of optical components.
关键词： Energy saving,Sub-surface damage,Ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding,Specific grinding energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Simulation of photon-counting detectors for conversion of dual-energy-subtracted computed tomography number to electron density
摘要： For accurate tissue-inhomogeneity correction in radiotherapy treatment planning, the author previously proposed a conversion of the energy-subtracted computed tomography (CT) number to electron density (ΔHU–ρe conversion). The purpose of the present study was to provide a method for investigating the accuracy of a photon-counting detector (PCD) used in the ΔHU–ρe conversion by performing dual-energy CT image simulations of a PCD system with two energy bins. To optimize the tube voltage and threshold energy, the image noise and errors in ρe calibration were evaluated using three types of virtual phantoms: a 35-cm-diameter pure water phantom, 33-cm-diameter solid water surrogate phantom equipped with 16 inserts, and another solid water surrogate phantom with a 25-cm diameter. The third phantom was used to investigate the effect of the object’s size on the ρe-calibration accuracy of PCDs. Two different scenarios for the PCD energy response were considered, corresponding to the ideal and realistic cases. In addition, a simple correction method for improving the spectral separation of the dual energies in a realistic PCD was proposed to compensate for its performance loss. In the realistic PCD case, there exists a trade-off between the image noise and ρe-calibration errors. Furthermore, the weakest image noise was nearly twice that for the ideal case, and the ρe-calibration error did not reach practical levels for any threshold energy. Nevertheless, the proposed correction method is likely to decrease the ρe-calibration errors of a realistic PCD to the level of the ideal case, yielding more accurate ρe values that are less affected by object size variation.
关键词： Energy-selective CT,Dual-energy CT,Electron density,Photon-counting detector
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A Generic Receiver Architecture for MIMO Wireless Power Transfer With Nonlinear Energy Harvesting
摘要： This letter investigates a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless power transfer system under practical nonliner energy harvesting (EH) models. We propose a new generic energy receiver (ER) architecture consisting of N receive antennas and L recti?ers, for which one power splitter is inserted after each antenna to adaptively split the received radio frequency (RF) signals among the L recti?ers for ef?cient nonlinear RF-to-direct current (dc) conversion. With the proposed architecture, we maximize the total harvested dc power at the ER, by jointly optimizing the transmit energy beamforming at the energy transmitter and the power splitting ratios at the ER. Numerical results show that our proposed design by exploiting the nonlinearity of EH signi?cantly improves the harvested dc power at the ER, as compared to two conventional designs.
关键词： Wireless power transfer (WPT),non-linear energy harvesting (EH),transmit energy beamforming,adaptive power splitting
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) - Fargo, ND, USA (2018.9.9-2018.9.11)] 2018 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) - Effect of Solar PV Penetration on Residential Energy Consumption Pattern
摘要： The residential rooftop solar penetration in the U.S. has increased rapidly over the past few years. This increase, if not properly accounted for, can lead to operational and reliability challenges for the electric power industry in the form of under-utilization of available energy, increase in costs, and reduction in environmental benefits, as demonstrated by the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) Duck Curve. The authors of this paper had previously developed a bottom-up approach for computing season-wise household-level residential energy consumption profiles using a synthetic population resource. In this paper, that model is enhanced to account for the effects that increasing percentages of rooftop solar penetration can have on the residential energy demand profiles of different regions. This information will be very useful to electric power utilities because it will help them efficiently manage the increasing numbers of residential rooftop solar installations in their supply areas.
关键词： rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV),synthetic population,residential energy consumption,Energy demand modeling,seasonal variation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A Hybrid MMC-Based Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage System
摘要： This paper proposes a new configuration and its control strategy for a modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based photovoltaic (PV)-battery energy storage (BES) system. In the MMC-based PV-BES system, each PV submodule is interfaced from its dc side with multiple PV generators using isolated dual active bridge (DAB) dc-dc converters. One BES system is embedded into each arm of the converter and is connected to the dc port of the associated BES submodule using multiple isolated DAB converters. The embedded BES systems are used to smooth the output power of the PV generators and limit the rate of change of the power delivered to the host grid. Moreover, they enable compensation of power mismatches between the arms and legs of the system by exchanging power with the arms of the converter. The paper then proposes a hybrid power mismatch elimination strategy using a combination of power exchange with the arms of the converter and internal power flow control of the MMC. The proposed hybrid power mismatch elimination strategy employs BES systems and differential currents to compensate power mismatches and transfer power between the arms and legs of the converter, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed power smoothing technique using the embedded BES systems and hybrid power mismatch elimination strategy is demonstrated using time-domain simulations conducted on a switched model of the PV-BES system in PSCAD/EMTDC software environment.
关键词： control,modular multilevel converter,power electronics,battery energy storage,photovoltaic,power mismatch,Differential current,energy conversion,integration
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29